基于PSIM的光伏模块建模与电气特性仿真

光伏模块依靠光伏逆变器将产生的直流电转变为交流电用于负载供电。根据光伏电池物理机制的数学模型,采用PSIM软件中已有的器件搭建了光伏模块仿真模型。利用该仿真模型,通过PSIM软件模拟实际光伏模块在不同太阳光照强度、环境温度下的I-V和P-V特性。通过仿真分析串联电阻和并联电阻变化对模块输出特性的影响,更加深入地了解光伏模块的电气特性。模型为光伏逆变器设计时的动态仿真研究提供了一个准确的仿真电源。     

光伏阵列的仿真模型研究

应用仿真软件MATLAB/Simulink工具,在光伏阵列的物理数学模型的基础上,建立了一种光伏阵列的仿真模型。利用该模型,可以模拟任意太阳辐射强度、环境温度、光伏模块参数、光伏阵列串并联方式组合下的光伏阵列I-V特性,并结合BOOST升压电路,可得实际需要的电压。仿真结果表明,该光伏阵列模型输出与实际输出基本相似,能很好的用于光伏发电系统的动态仿真。     

基于Matlab的一种光伏阵列模拟器的研究

提出了能够模拟光伏阵列输出特性的模拟器的概念,建立了基于光伏电池数学模型和电力电子技术的光伏阵列模拟器Matlab仿真模型,可以模拟任意太阳辐射强度、环境温度、光伏模块参数下的光伏阵列I-U特性,仿真结果证明了原理的可行性。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的光伏组件建模仿真

文章分析了光伏电池的物理模型,并在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下,利用Embedded模块建立了光伏组件仿真模型。与其它建模方法相比,该模型简单实用易于操作,可以模拟不同光照强度、环境温度下任意光伏组件的输出特性,仿真结果接近光伏组件的实际工作特性,为光伏系统研究设计提供了方便。     

光伏阵列的Matlab仿真研究

基于光伏模块的直流物理和数学模型,在matlab仿真环境下,开发了一种光伏阵列的仿真模型。利用该模型可以模拟太阳辐射的任意强度、环境温度、光伏模块参数、光伏阵列串并联方式组合下的光伏阵列的I-V特性,以用于光伏发电系统的动态仿真。     

实用光伏电池建模及MPPT算法仿真

基于工程用光伏模块输出方程,利用Matlab/Simulink建立一个光伏电池实用仿真模型。该模型可以模拟实际光伏模块在不同环境下的输出特性曲线。在传统的电导增量法基础上利用计算得到的步长进行最大功率点跟踪,通过仿真结果表明在外界环境剧烈变化时改进的电导增量法可以快速跟踪光伏电池的最大功率点。该文是在Matlab/Simulink中实现了梯度变步长电导增量法,且在此给出该算法的模型搭建图,并在保证仿真精度的情况下通过加入延迟模块解决了仿真中的代数环问题。     

基于仿真模型的光伏电池输出功率的分析

基于光伏电池的工程模型,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,进行输出特性的仿真,得到该光伏电池的I-V、P-V特性;光伏电池温度可根据当地的温度和光照数据得到,为了得到光伏电池在某地某一天输出最大功率的实时变化曲线,对原来的仿真模型进行了输入模块的修改,并加上光伏电池温度、环境温度、光照之间的关系模块,对修改之后的模型只需输入光伏电池的工程参数、一天的实时光照以及光伏电池在24h所对应的最大功率点电压,然后运行仿真模型,即可得到一天之内光伏电池输出的最大功率实时曲线。该仿真结果具有实用性、实时性和可观性。     

基于S函数的带MPPT功能的光伏并网仿真建模

根据已有的光伏方阵的数学模型,在Matlab仿真环境下,利用S函数构建了光伏模块的仿真模型,采用电导增量法进行最大功率追踪(MPPT),最后给出无差拍逆变器的设计思路和光伏单相并网模型。利用该模型,模拟了实际光伏模块产品在不同太阳辐射强度、环境温度下的I-V和P-V特性,并分析了并网后电压电流的波形,以及逆变器的触发信号的特点,对指导光伏并网有一定的指导意义。     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的光伏电池仿真建模研究

针对目前光伏电池仿真模型参数多、计算复杂等问题,利用任意工况下的三个工作点的电压电流值,并考虑工作环境变化的影响,提出了一种基于MATLAB/Simulink的光伏电池改进仿真模型.采用Uni-Solar公司的柔性太阳能组件1L进行模型验证,并与Simulink自带的Solar Cell模块在不同工况下的输出特性以及实际光伏电池输出进行比较.结果表明,在辐照度、温度发生变化的情况下,该仿真模型误差小于Solar Cell模块.     

光伏电源PQ控制策略及小信号稳定性研究

设计者根据光伏电源的数学模型,建立了光伏电源仿真模型。为了提高光伏阵列的利用效率,文章针对三相光伏发电并网系统,从PQ控制原理入手,在dq坐标系下建立了仿真模型,通过仿真得出PQ控制下的三相光伏发电并网运行特性,并建立小信号数学模型,通过建立小信号模型证明了仿真模型的正确性和有效性。     

基于遗传算法的太阳能飞艇光伏阵列优化研究

太阳能飞艇依赖于光伏阵列提供能量,但曲面面形引起的非均匀光照会造成光伏阵列的能量损失。文章将遗传算法引入光伏阵列优化研究,通过优化光伏阵列拓扑结构,降低模块间的失配现象,从而达到增大输出功率的目的。首先基于光伏电池的单二极管模型,给出光伏阵列的仿真方法。其次提出基于遗传算法的光伏阵列拓扑结构的优化方法,采用序列编码方式,将光伏阵列拓扑结构转化为染色体编码,通过染色体基因位的交叉变异实现光伏阵列拓扑结构的优化。以某太阳能飞艇为例进行仿真验证,优化后光伏阵列平均输出功率增大2.32%,仿真结果表明所提方法能够有效提高太阳能飞艇光伏阵列的输出功率。     

Operation of series‐connected silicon‐based photovoltaic modules under partial shading conditions

Partial shading has been recognized as a major cause of energy losses in photovoltaic (PV) power generators. Partial shading has severe effects on the electrical characteristics of the PV power generator, because it causes multiple maximum power points (MPPs) to the power‐voltage curve. Multiple maxima complicate MPP tracking, and the tracking algorithms are often unable to detect the global maximum. Considerable amount of available electrical energy may be lost, when a local MPP with low power is tracked instead of the global MPP. In this paper, the electrical characteristics of series‐connected silicon‐based PV modules under various partial shading conditions are studied by using a Matlab/Simulink simulation model. The simulation model consists of 18 series‐connected PV modules, corresponding to a single‐phase grid‐connected PV power generator. The validity of the simulation model has been verified by experimental measurements. The voltage and power characteristics of the PV power generator have been investigated under various system shading and shading strength conditions. The results can be utilized to develop new MPP tracking algorithms and in designing, for example, building integrated PV power generators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new method for the spectral characterisation of PV modules

This paper presents a new characterisation method for the spectral influence of solar irradiation on photovoltaic (PV) modules, based on a proposed analytical model for the effective responsivity of PV modules. This mathematical tool needs only easily measurable atmospheric parameters and is applicable to different technologies. It allows the calculation of the spectral influence on PV modules under field conditions. It has been observed that this influence depends strongly on sky conditions and also on the PV module tilt angle, its technology, and the time of the year. Opposite effects are observed between cloudy and clear sky conditions, concluding that the former especially favours PV conversion in amorphous silicon modules. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel analytical model for determining the maximum power point of thin film photovoltaic module

Achieving the maximum power output from photovoltaic (PV) modules is indispensable for the operation of grid‐connected PV power systems under varied atmospheric conditions. In recent years, the study of PV energy for different applications has attracted more and more attention because solar energy is clean and renewable. We propose an efficient direct‐prediction method to enhance the utilization efficiency of thin film PV modules by tackling the problem of tracking time and overcoming the difficulty of calculation. The proposed method is based on the p–n junction recombination mechanism and can be applied to all kinds of PV modules. Its performance is not influenced by weather conditions such as illumination or temperature. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides high‐accuracy estimation of the maximum power point (MPP) for thin film PV modules with an average error of 1.68% and 1.65% under various irradiation intensities and temperatures, respectively. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can simply and accurately estimate the MPP for thin film PV modules under various irradiation intensities and temperatures. In future, the proposed method will be used to shed light on the optimization of the MPP tracking control model in PV systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光伏电池输出特性与最大功率点跟踪的仿真分析

根据太阳能光伏电池的等效电路特点,建立了相应的光伏电池组件的仿真模型。该模型可以实现在不同光照强度和温度下光伏组件的输出特性,在此模型基础上研究了光伏组件最大功率追踪方法(MPPT)。在众多最大功率追踪方法中,扰动法有着比较优秀的控制效果。针对最常用的最大功率点跟踪方法-扰动观察法,提出一种改进型的扰动法算法,通过仿真结果和实验证明该方法在一定程度上可解决光伏电池输出非线性的问题,有效避免跟踪偏差,提高光伏电池的输出效率,且动态响应速度快,使光伏系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能。     

An enhanced scanning-based MPPT approach for DMPPT systems

In this paper, an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach being low parameter dependency, simple structure and limited search interval has been presented for distributed MPPT photovoltaic (PV) systems. Basically, this approach is based on scanning of power–voltage (P-V) characteristic curve of PV modules in a limited duty ratio interval which makes tracking operation simple, fast and efficiently available in both uniform irradiance and partial shading conditions (PSCs). By limiting the scanning interval of maximum and minimum values of duty ratio via some analyses related to P-V characteristic for PSCs, global MPPT (GMPPT) is achieved in an efficient way. So as to validate performance of the proposed approach, a single-ended primary inductance converter has been used in both simulation and experimental studies. PV simulator has been used as a PV source to obtain different module characteristics with different number of bypass diodes and PV power levels. Both simulation and experimental results clarify that improved MPPT approach realises GMPPT effectively. Due to the high performance results, this approach can be an alternative technique in module-integrated converters, smart modules and PV power optimisers in which single module is used.     

Photovoltaic system simulation using a standard electronic circuit simulator

An approach to photovoltaic (PV) system simulation is presented based on the use of SPICE instead of using a specifically developed software package. SPICE models for PV cells, PV modules, lead-acid batteries and the rest of the main components of a PV system have been developed. A simulation example of a stand-alone PV system including measured irradiance data as an input is used to show some of the possibilities inherent in such an approach. Greater flexibility, quick access to all voltages and currents within the system and a simpler way of interfacing with standard electronic components are the main conclusions to be drawn from this work.     

Energy pay-back time and life-cycle CO2 emission of residential PV power system with silicon PV module

The concerns about environmental impacts of photovoltaic (PV) power systems are growing with the increasing expectation of PV technologies. In this paper, three kinds of silicon-based PV modules, namely single-crystalline silicon (c-Si), polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV modules, are evaluated from the viewpoint of their life-cycle. For the c-Si PV module it was assumed that off-grade silicon from semiconductor industries is used with existing production technologies. On the other hand, new technologies and the growth of production scale were presumed with respect to the poly-Si and a-Si PV modules. Our results show that c-Si PV modules have a shorter energy pay-back time than their expected lifetime and lower CO₂ emission than the average CO₂ emission calculated from the recent energy mix in Japan, even with present technologies. Furthermore the poly-Si and the a-Si PV modules with the near-future technologies give much reduction in energy pay-back times and CO₂ emissions compared with the present c-Si PV modules. The reduction of glass use and the frameless design of the PV module may be effective means to decrease them more, although the lifetime of the PV module must be taken into account. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Toward multiple maximum power point estimation of photovoltaic systems based on semiconductor theory

Environmental conditions, such as temperature, non‐uniform irradiation, and solar shading, deeply affect the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules in PV‐assisted generation systems. Several local maximum power points (MPPs) are found in the power–voltage curve of PV systems constructed by series/parallel‐connected PV modules under partially shaded conditions. The characteristics of PV systems change unpredictably when multiple MPPs occur, so the actual MPP tracking (MPPT) becomes a difficult task. Conventional MPPT methods for the PV systems under partially shaded conditions cannot quickly find the actual MPP such that the optimal utilization of PV systems cannot be achieved. Based on the p–n junction semiconductor theory, we develop a multipoint direct‐estimation (MPDE) method to directly estimate the multiple MPPs of the PV systems under partially shaded conditions and to cope with the mentioned difficulties. Using the proposed MPDE method, the multiple MPPs of the PV systems under partially shaded conditions can be directly determined from their irradiated current–voltage and power–voltage characteristic curves. The performances of the proposed MPDE method are evaluated by examining the characteristics of multiple MPPs of PV systems with respect to different shading strengths and numbers of the shaded PV modules and also tested using the field data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MPDE method can simply and accurately estimate the multiple MPPs of the PV systems under partially shaded conditions. The optimization of MPP control models and the MPPT for PV systems could be achieved promisingly by applying the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.