Ag、Au纳米颗粒的激光表面修饰

通过用Nd：YAG激光（λ=1064nm）对氧化还原法制备的Ag、Au纳米颗粒的修饰,使Ag、Au纳米颗粒的尺寸均匀性得到更好的改善。用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外-可见表面等离于体吸收（SPA）光谱对激光修饰后的Ag、Au纳米颗粒进行了测量和表征,结果表明,这些被修饰过的Ag、Au纳米颗粒由于自身体系发生了改变,可以作为更高效表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）的增强基底。     

银纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振传感

采用微波法合成银纳米颗粒,通过化学自组装技术将银纳米颗粒吸附在玻璃基片上,制备了银纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体传感器。在纯水中,紫外可见光消光谱表明局域表面等离子体共振位于428nm处。随外界折射率增加,共振峰发生红移,其折射率灵敏度达到173±6nm/RIU。在350oC温度下退火处理后,改变银颗粒在基片上的形貌,峰位发生约65nm的红移,灵敏度下降约20%。理论分析表明,银纳米颗粒形状和基底的相互作用影响折射率传感的波长响应和灵敏度特性。     

Au纳米颗粒对向列相液晶取向性能的影响

液晶分子的初始排列在液晶显示器中起着关键的作用。纳米粒子掺杂到液晶体系可扰乱液晶分子的排列,从而改变液晶的自组装特性,进而影响液晶的各项性能。将制备的Au八面体纳米颗粒掺杂到向列相液晶4-氰基-4′-正戊基联苯(5CB)中,灌入液晶盒后,通过使用偏光显微镜对液晶盒的观察发现,掺杂的八面体Au纳米颗粒诱导5CB液晶分子发生了垂直取向,而球形Au纳米颗粒不能诱导液晶分子垂直取向。这归因于八面体Au纳米颗粒的表面能比较小,液晶分子间的作用力比较大,使液晶分子易于垂直取向。随着O-Au NPs的浓度增大,液晶分子的取向效果先变好又逐渐变差。这是因为O-Au NPs的浓度越高,可诱导越多的液晶分子垂直取向排列,但随着纳米粒子浓度的增加,纳米粒子团聚,减少了与液晶分子的作用,使取向效果变差。动态过程实验显示,0.1%的八面体金纳米颗粒可诱导向列相液晶5CB在2 min内快速完成垂直取向,表明O-Au NPs具有优异的诱导5CB取向的动态效果。     

基于纳米Au胶表面增强拉曼光谱对水中链霉素残留量的快速检测

为实现快速检测水中硫酸链霉素(STR)的残留,探 索建立一种STR水溶液的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS,surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy)检测方法。应用电磁炉加热以柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸(HAucl ₄)制成的Au胶纳米颗 粒作为表面增强基底,先后分析了Au胶纳米颗粒的吸收光谱、STR水溶液的SERS以及拉曼峰 归属; 然后确定了最佳的光谱仪功率、Au胶纳米颗粒的加入量和吸附时间;最后以1031cm－1处拉曼峰作为特征峰 建立STR水溶液的标定曲线,并对标定曲线的准确度和精确度进行验证。实验结果表 明,当水中STR质量浓度范围为2.0~20.0 mg/L时,1031 cm－1处的拉曼峰强度与STR水溶液的质量浓度有良好的线性关系, 线性方程为Y=293.31X+435.42, 决定系数R²为0.933 。真实值与预测值之间的R²为0.964,均方 根误 差(RMSEP)为1.3043mg/L,回收率为92.1~133.0%,相 对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.88~2.41%。     

金属纳米结构的表面等离子体激元提高有机太阳能电池光电转换效率的研究进展

介绍了应用金属纳米结构的表面等离子体激元提高有机太阳能电池效率的最新研究进展。表面等离子体激元的激发取决于纳米结构的材料、尺寸、形状、密度、和周围的电介质环境等参数。调控这些参数, 可以有效利用金属纳米结构增加有机太阳能电池活性层的光吸收, 同时金属纳米结构表面增强的电场可促进光激子解离为载流子。因此, 应用金属纳米结构的表面等离子体激元将是进一步增加有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率的重要方案。     

纳米银颗粒表面增强荧光效应与其覆盖率的关联

实验上获得了纳米银颗粒对光敏剂二氢卟吩f-甲醚(CPD4)的荧光增强效应,基于纳米银颗粒覆盖率对表面增强荧光效应的影响,初步探讨了荧光增强的物理增强机制。不同覆盖率纳米银基底表面吸附的CPD4的增强荧光结果显示,在低颗粒覆盖率时(<30%),激发效率和激发态分子衰减速率不依赖于覆盖率变化;当颗粒覆盖率大于30%接近40%时,激发效率和激发态分子衰减速率都得到提高。实验和理论结果均表明,相比于单个银纳米颗粒,颗粒覆盖率增加提高了颗粒间电磁耦合效应,能够产生更强的表面增强荧光效应。     

表面等离子体波亚纳米指零系统

提出了一种基于表面等离子体波(SPW)的纳米定位指零新方法。一个光纤探头可以等效于一个四层介质棱镜 金属膜 空气 光纤系统。分析了探头得到的近场光强度。分析表明光纤耦合到的光通量随空气层间距变化,利用这个特点可以建立纳米定位指零系统。实验表明该系统在 1℃恒温条件下 2 0min内的定位重复性标准偏差可以达到 2nm,分辨率为 0 1nm nV。     

自组装法制备Au纳米结构衬底及其表面增强荧光效应研究

采用自组装方法,在(APS)分子修饰后的玻璃衬底 表面,制备得 到Au纳米结构衬底。采取激光光谱学方法,研究所制备衬底对沉积其表面的Rhodamine 6G(R h6G) 分子的荧光辐射增强效应。实验发现,利用自组装方法制备的Au纳米结构衬底具有较强的荧 光增 强特性。理论分析表明,制备的Au纳米结构在外光场激发下,所形成的强局部电磁场分布 能够有效提升探针分子的电子跃迁速率,从而实现增强荧光效应。     

突破衍射极限的表面等离子体激元

表面等离子体激元是外部电磁场诱导金属表面自由电子的集体共振,产生沿金属-介质界面传输的表面波,具有亚波长局域、近场增强和新颖的色散特性,在纳米光子学中发挥着重要的角色。利用表面等离子体激元构成的光学器件能够突破衍射极限,实现微电子与光子在同一个芯片上的集成。系统介绍了表面等离子体激元的基本原理,及其在光波导、探测器、调...     

纳米Au增强掺Er3＋铋酸盐玻璃近红外发光特性

研究了掺Er³⁺含Au纳米颗粒铋酸盐玻璃在波 长为980nm的LD抽运下1.53μm波长处的发光 特性。测试得到表征 Au纳米颗粒存在的表面等离子体共振(SPR)峰位于565～586nm波长 之间,透射电镜(TEM)图像中观察到密集分布形状各 异的Au纳米颗粒,尺寸约为5～16nm。研究表明,随着AuCl含量增加 ,1.53μm波长处荧光强度呈现先增强后减弱 的趋势,在AuCl掺杂浓度为0.2wt%时取得最大值,为未掺杂时的4.3倍;荧光增强原因归结于Au纳米颗粒SPR引起的局域场增强以及Au 0→Er³⁺的能量转移,荧光淬灭原因归结于Er³⁺→Au⁰的能量反向转移。     

Optical Nonlinearity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Emission from Au Colloidal Nanoparticles

Suspended gold nanoparticles have been synthesized via electrochemical method.Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were obtained using a spectrofluorophotometer.With varying the excitation wavelength,an emission peak fixed at 485 nm has always been observed.We believe that this peak is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance.When the detection wavelength was fixed at 485 nm (0.619×10 15 Hz),a double frequency exciting peak at 242 nm(2×0.619×10 15 Hz), a 3/2 fraction frequency exciting peak at 330 nm (about 3/2×0.619×10 15 Hz)and a 3/4 fraction frequency exciting peak at 640 nm(3/4×0.619×10 15 Hz)display.The nonlinear exciting peak at 640 nm corresponds to the two-photon absorption.Therefore,as the excitation wavelength is at 320 and 640 nm respectively,single-photon and two-photon absorption induced surface plasmon resonance emission peaks were observed. These nonlinear surface plasmon resonance emission characters of Au colloidal nanoparticles make it possible to enhance the sensitivity of conventional surface plasmon resonance device.     

Highly Stable Au Nanoparticles with Tunable Spacing and Their Potential Application in Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors

Colloidal Au‐amplified surface plasmon resonance (SPR), like traditional SPR, is typically used to detect binding events on a thin noble metal film. The two major concerns in developing colloidal Au‐amplified SPR lie in 1) the instability, manifested as a change in morphology following immersion in organic solvents and aqueous solutions, and 2) the uncontrollable interparticle distance, determining probe spacing and inducing steric hindrance between neighboring probe molecules. This may introduce uncertainties into such detecting techniques, degrade the sensitivity, and become the barricade hampering colloidal Au‐based transducers from applications in sensing. In this paper, colloidal Au‐amplified SPR transducers are produced by using ultrathin Au/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite films via a radio frequency magnetron co‐sputtering method. Deposited Au/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite films exhibit superior stability, and average interparticle distances between Au nanoparticles with similar average sizes can be tuned by changing surface coverage. These characteristics are ascribed to the spacer function and rim confinement of dielectric Al₂O₃ and highlight their advantages for application in optimal nanoparticle‐amplified SPR, especially when the probe size is smaller than the target molecule size. This importance is demonstrated here for the binding of protein (streptavidin) targets to the probe (biotin) surface. In this case, the dielectric matrix Al₂O₃ is a main contributor, behaving as a spacer, tuning the concentration of Au nanoparticles, and manipulating the average interparticle distance, and thus guaranteeing an appropriate number of biotin molecules and expected near‐field coupling to obtain optimal sensing performance.     

Supported Faceted Gold Nanoparticles with Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonance for NIR‐SERS

A novel dry plasma methodology for fabricating directly stabilized substrate‐supported gold nanoparticle (NP) ensembles for near infrared surface enhanced Raman scattering (NIR SERS) is presented. This maskless stepwise growth exploits Au‐sulfide seeds by plasma sulfidization of gold nuclei to produce highly faceted Au NPs with a multiple plasmon resonance that can be tuned from the visible to the near infrared, down to 1400 nm. The role of Au sulfidization in modifying the dynamics of Au NPs and of the corresponding plasmon resonance is discussed. The tunability of the plasmon resonance in a broad range is shown and the effectiveness as substrates for NIR SERS is demonstrated. The SERS response is investigated by using different laser sources operating both in the visible and in the NIR. SERS mapping of the SERS enhancement factor is carried out in order to evaluate their effectiveness, stability, and reproducibility as NIR SERS substrates, also in comparison with gold NPs fabricated by conventional sputtering and with the state‐of‐the‐art in the current literature.     

Use of Reversal Nanoimprinting of Nanoparticles to Prepare Flexible Waveguide Sensors Exhibiting Enhanced Scattering of the Surface Plasmon Resonance

A flexible surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based scattering waveguide sensor is prepared by directly imprinting hollow gold nanoparticles (NPs) and solid gold NPs onto flexible polycarbonate (PC) plates—without any surface modification—using a modified reversal nanoimprint lithography technology. Controlling the imprinting conditions, including temperature and pressure, allows for the fine adjustment of the depths of the embedded metal NPs and their SPR properties. This patterning approach exhibits a resolution down to the submicrometer level. A 3D finite‐difference time domain simulation is used to examine the optical behavior of light propagating parallel to the air/substrate interface within the near‐field regime. Consistent with the simulations, almost an order of magnitude enhancement in the scattering signal after transferring the metal NPs from the glass mold to the PC substrate is obtained experimentally. The enhanced signal is attributed to the particles' strong scattering of the guiding‐mode waves (within the waveguide) and the evanescent wave (above the waveguide) simultaneously. Finally, the imprinting conditions are optimized to obtain a strongly scattering bio/chemical waveguide sensor.     

Tuning Dichroic Plasmon Resonance Modes of Gold Nanoparticles in Optical Thin Films

A simple method is presented to tune the gold surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modes by growing anisotropic nanoparticles into transparent SiO₂ thin films prepared by glancing angle deposition. In this type of composite film, the anisotropy of the gold nanoparticles, proved by gracing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering, is determined by the tilted nanocolumnar structure of the SiO₂ host and yields a strong film dichroism evidenced by a change from an intense colored to a nearly transparent aspect depending on light polarization and/or sample orientation. The formation in these films of lithographic non‐dichroic SPR patterns by nanosecond laser writing demonstrates the potentialities of this procedure to develop novel optical encryption or anti‐counterfeiting structures either at micrometer‐ or macroscales.     

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Polymer Optical Fiber

Surface Plasmon Resonance （SPR） is a powerful technique for directly sensing in biological studies, chemical detection and environmental pollution monitoring. In this paper, we present polymer optical fiber application in SPR sensors, including wavelength interrogation surface enhanced Raman scattering SPR sensor and surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） probe.
Long-period fiber gratings are fabricated on single mode polymer optical fiber （POF） with 120 μm period and 50% duty cycle. The polarization characteristic of this kind of birefringent grating is studied. Theoretical analysis shows it will be advantageous in SPR sensing applications.     

金属表面等离激元增强聚合物太阳电池

研究了Au纳米颗粒表面等离激元增强聚噻吩(P3HT)与富勒烯衍生物(PCBM)共混体系聚合物太阳电池的光电转换效率。Au纳米颗粒表面由双十烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)修饰,能够均匀分散在活性层中。研究了Au纳米颗粒的质量分数对电池性能的影响,发现质量分数为1.2%时,电池性能最佳,转换效率高达3.76%,较未掺杂的参比电池相对提高约20%。掺入Au纳米颗粒后P3HT和PCBM共混膜光吸收显著增强,从而使电池外量子效率大大增加。电池效率的提升主要归结于Au纳米颗粒表面等离激元激发所引起的近场增强。     

The Interplay between Surface Plasmon Resonance and Switching Properties in Gold@Spin Crossover Nanocomposites

Rod‐like gold nanoparticles are directly embedded in a 1D‐polymeric spin crossover (SCO) material leading to singular Au@SCO nanohybrid architectures. The resulting architectures are designed to promote a synergetic effect between ultrafast spin‐state photoswitching and photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles. This synergy is evidenced by the strong modulation of the surface plasmon resonance of the gold nanorods through the spin‐state switching of the SCO component and also the strong enhancement of the photoswitching efficiency compared to pure SCO particles. This remarkable synergy results from the large modulation of the dielectric properties of the SCO polymer upon its thermal switching and the enhancement of the heating of these hybrid nanostructures upon excitation of the surface plasmon resonance of the gold nanorods.