Square m-QAM相干光通信载波相位估计性能研究

基于前馈载波相位估计算法,研究了square 16-QAM调制相干光纤通信系统的载波相位估计性能,进一步证明了当存在相位噪声时square m-QAM调制并非QAM调制最佳星座图的原因。仿真计算结果显示,由于square 16-QAM调制星座图中星点之间相位距离分布不均匀,引起载波相位估计中出现连续相位跳变,导致载波估计性能劣化,系统误码率增大约2～3倍。     

相干光纤通信系统对激光器线宽的要求

通过仿真相干光接收机载波相位估计性能,研究了采用不同调制格式时对所使用激光器线宽的要求,分析了16-QAM采用Star和Square两种不同星座图时线宽要求差异的原因.仿真结果表明:对于既定的比特速率,采用高阶调制格式的系统降低了线路符号速率,但要求激光器线宽更窄;同一调制格式对激光器线宽的要求与所采用的星座图有关.     

Square m-QAM相干光通信系统的载波相位估计算法

基于Viterbi-Viterbi算法原理,提出了一种适用于Square m-QAM相干光通信系统载波相位估计的改进算法,能够充分利用所有符号的相位信息进行载波相位估计.仿真分析表明,改进算法比现有其它算法复杂度更低,相位噪声容限更大,当BER=10-3、SNR代价为2dB时,16-QAM和64-QAM允许的激光线宽分别为1.1MHz和0.25MHz.     

星形16-QAM高速光信号生成方案研究

介绍了星形16-QAM高速光信号不同生成方案的结构和原理,并对几种方案的优缺点进行了对比分析.提出了一种基于双电极驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器(Dual electrical Mach-zehnder modulator,De-MZM)的星形16-QAM生成方案,详细阐述了其结构和工作原理,并对生成信号的星座图进行了仿真.     

基于256-QAM星座图重排HARQ技术

介绍了一种基于256-QAM调制的混合ARQ(HARQ)技术,该技术通过星座图重排,降低了多级调制造成的比特之间可靠性的差异,能够显著提高HARQ的性能。首先,提出了标准的符合格雷映射关系的256-QAM星座图后,并通过选取另外3个星座图进行重排,构成基于256-QAM的4星座图影射规则。仿真结果表明该方法最终降低复杂度并提高HARQ性能,这将对未来256-QAM的应用(例如HSDPA、HSUPA)提供较大的参考价值和现实意义。     

有线数字电视网络测量指标分析

分析有线数字电视网络的各项指标对网络质量的影响,以及在幅度噪声、相位噪声、相位误差、带内干扰等情况下星座图的表现形式。     

改进的16-QAM相干光通信系统中载波相位估计算法

在相干光传输系统中,相位噪声是影响系统性能的一个重要因素,研究了16-QAM中基于QPSK分割的相位恢复算法原理,提出了一种加权重的QPSK分割相位估计改进算法。仿真结果表明,在BER=10-3,SNR灵敏度代价为1d B时,改进算法对激光器线宽的容忍度约有38.7%的提升。     

QPSK调制光通信中混合噪声的功率谱性能与误码率

研究了QPSK副载波调制下乘性噪声与加性噪声对接收端星座图影响。基于Gamma-Gamma信道模型,分析了乘性噪声和加性噪声影响下系统的接收星座图。通过仿真实验计算了混合噪声情况下的星座图分布以及接收端功率谱密度。讨论了混合噪声条件下,不同能见度、传输距离对系统误码率的影响。结果表明:随着湍流强度的增强,接收端功率谱存在明显的展宽迹象;不同加性噪声条件下,当能见度小于传输距离时,气溶胶粒子散射为影响通信的主要因素。不同乘性噪声条件下,当能见度处于0.5~1.5 km时,乘性噪声会影响接收光强,进一步增大系统误码率。文中工作对真实环境下降低无线激光通信的误码率和提高通信质量有重要意义。     

蜂窝型星座图在降低OFDM信号峰均比中的应用

为降低正交频分复用OFDM的峰均比（PAPR）提出了改进的蜂窝扩展星座图的方法。改进的算法采用音调注入技术（TI），在不增加信号功率的约束条件下，动态地向外扩展传输数据的星座点，从而降低OFDM信号的峰均功率比。该方法在接收机端不需要任何的处理过程，而且没有边带信息。改进的蜂窝星座图扩展方法经仿真能够取得的峰均功率比比64-QAM约低4dB，降低效果显著。     

大气湍流对激光通信系统性能的影响研究

大气湍流引起的光强起伏是影响激光通信系统接收信噪比和误码率的主要因素。文中旨在研究大气湍流状态对无线通信系统性能的影响。首先利用对数正态分布和Gamma-Gamma分布分别对信道进行建模,分析表明前者不适用于中强湍流下的光强起伏行为,而后者具有更广的应用范围。在此基础上,研究相位噪声对系统接收信噪比和误码率的影响。文中最后在不同信道条件下进行仿真实验,观察光强起伏方差引起的星座图变化和误码率恶化情况。实验结果表明,当光强起伏方差逐渐增大时,星座图相位角度和误码率均随之变大。文中的分析与讨论对提高激光通信质量具有一定的参考价值。     

A new bound and algorithm for Star 16-QAM carrier phase estimation

The true Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived and evaluated for the estimation of carrier phase of Star 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and can be simply applied to carrier frequency estimation. Different geometries are investigated by varying the ring ratio (RR). For signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) between 6-15 dB, the CRLB with RR=3 is lower than that of Square 16-QAM. A modified phase estimator is presented, which closely follows the new CRLB. Investigation of symbol error performance in short packet length reveals Star 16-QAM to be superior to Square 16-QAM for SNR<13 dB, which is a reasonable operating range for a coded system. Although Square 16-QAM and Star RR=1.8 are optimum for a perfect receiver, when the effect of phase estimation is considered, we find Star RR=3 to be better for SNR below 10 dB.     

Carrier synchronization for 3- and 4-bit-per-symbol optical transmission

We investigate carrier synchronization for coherent detection of optical signals encoding 3 and 4 bits/symbol. We consider the effects of laser phase noise and of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which can arise from local oscillator (LO) shot noise or LO-spontaneous beat noise. We identify 8- and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes that perform well when the receiver phase-locked loop (PLL) tracks the instantaneous signal phase with moderate phase error. We propose implementations of 8- and 16-QAM transmitters using Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators. We outline a numerical method for computing the bit error rate (BER) of 8- and 16-QAM in the presence of AWGN and phase error. It is found that these schemes can tolerate phase-error standard deviations of 2.48/spl deg/ and 1.24/spl deg/, respectively, for a power penalty of 0.5 dB at a BER of 10/sup -9/. We propose a suitable PLL design and analyze its performance, taking account of laser phase noise, AWGN, and propagation delay within the PLL. Our analysis shows that the phase error depends on the constellation penalty, which is the mean power of constellation symbols times the mean inverse power. We establish a procedure for finding the optimal PLL natural frequency, and determine tolerable laser linewidths and PLL propagation delays. For zero propagation delay, 8- and 16-QAM can tolerate linewidth-to-bit-rate ratios of 1.8/spl times/10/sup -5/ and 1.4/spl times/10/sup -6/, respectively, assuming a total penalty of 1.0 dB.     

Radio-Over-Fiber 16-QAM, 100-km Transmission at 5 Gb/s Using DSB-SC Transmitter and Remote Heterodyne Detection

By using a double-sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) optical transmitter and a remote self-heterodyned (RSH) detection method, we experimentally and analytically proved the feasibility of a radio-over-fiber system using a 16-QAM signal at 5 Gb/s and 18 GHz, with a transmission distance of 100 km between a mobile service center and a base station. The transmission system performance was carefully analyzed by considering optical amplifier noise, fiber nonlinearity, phase noise, frequency response, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) quantization noise. The 18-GHz, 16-QAM signal can be radiated from the base station to a remote antenna port without any upconverter, and the remote antenna port consists of a downconverter and high-speed digital signal processors (DSPs) to recover the 16-QAM signal. The high-speed DSP, which partially compensates the intersymbol-interference (ISI) and phase-noise-induced system penalties, was enabled by 20-Gs/s ADCs. The algorithms used in the DSP blocks were also described in details.     

Spectrally efficient digital broadcast systems operated in a phasenoise environment

High spectral efficiency combined with power efficiency, is a requirement for high speed digital broadcast satellite systems. The effect of the recovered carrier phase noise and the nonlinearity on the performance of 16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) and staggered 16-QAM is investigated and compared. It is found that for the phase noise, 16-QAM is more degraded for a roll-off factor of less than 0.4. For roll-off factor of more than 0.8, staggered 16-QAM has superior performance. For the nonlinearity staggered 16-QAM is more sensitive for a roll-off factor of less than 0.4. It is concluded that coincident 16-QAM is suitable for spectrally efficient digital broadcast systems     

Millimetre-wave electro-optical upconverter for wireless digitalcommunications

A millimetre-wave optical upconverter using a semiconductor laser diode and high-speed external optical modulator is described. Upconversion and transmission of 16-QAM and 64-QAM digital subcarriers over a 38 GHz optical fibre-wireless link are demonstrated     

改进的16进制正交幅度调制码的相位估计算法

相干光通信系统中的相位恢复是克服信号收发端和传输过程中产生的相位噪声的必要步骤。为获得低的运算复杂度和良好的相位估计效果,本文对传统的四次方相位估计算法进行了改进,使之具有自适应的数据块长度控制功能。通过理论分析以及Matlab数值仿真方法验证改进的效果。对于16进制正交幅度调制码（16QAM）,改进后的算法在几乎不增...     

Comparison of coherent optical single-carrier and multi-carrier superchannel with FDM and FDE

Optical superchannel employing single-carrier (SC) and multi-carrier (MC) subband modulation techniques have been widely discussed for high-speed coherent optical transmission and networks. In this paper, we establish uniform system design based on frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and carry out a thorough study on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) superchannel versus SC frequency division multiplexing (SCFDM, also named as DFT-spread-OFDM) superchannel. The baseband signal characteristics of SCFDM and OFDM are analyzed. SCFDM and OFDM superchannel systems with 4-, 16-, 64- and 256-QAM formats and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) are numerically investigated against various impairments. The results show that SCFDM superchannel outperforms its MC counterpart against finite DAC&ADC resolution and fiber nonlinearities, while suffers more penalty when very large dispersion or laser phase noise exists.     

Corona Based Optimal Node Deployment Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper shows the trade off between different modulation techniques such as multi level quadrature amplitude modulation, multi level phase shift keying, and multi level differential phase shift keying for upgrading direct detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems with possible transmission distance up to 15,000 km and total bit rate of 2.56 Tb/s. The 2.56 Tb/s signal is generated by multiplexing 64 OFDM signals with 40 Gb/s for each OFDM. Variations of optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), signal to noise ratio (SNR), and bit error rate (BER) are studied with the variations of transmission distance. Maximum radio frequency power spectrum, and output electrical power after decoder are measured for different multi level modulation techniques with carrier frequency. It is observed that multi level QAM has presented better performance than multi level PSK and finally multi level DPSK in optical OFDM systems. Maximum output power after decoder is enhanced with both 32-PSK, and 64-QAM. Quadrature signal amplitude level at encoder is upgraded with 64-QAM. It is noticed that OSNR, SNR, and BER are improved using 4-QAM OFDM system than either QPSK or 4-DPSK.