共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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为建立高注量率同步辐射X射线计量领域相关的国家标准,对同步辐射X射线能量标定方法进行研究。在北京同步辐射装置上选择6、10和20keV三个能量点进行实验,得到的传递探测器校准因子与辐射能量的关系曲线近似直线,变化趋势呈线性递减;在20keV能量点,不同直径光阑条件下进行的标定实验验证了传递探测器的校准因子与光源照射到基准电离室与传递探测器的光子通量有关。在上海光源上进行10~70keV能量标定实验,得到传递探测器的校准因子拟合曲线;10~20keV能量段的变化趋势与在北京同步辐射装置得到的校准因子变化趋势一致,30~70keV能量段的校准因子随着能量的增加而平稳缓慢增大。对各个能量点标定产生的A类不确定度进行评定,为后续建立国家计量标准同步辐射X射线空气比释动能量值传递体系提供了技术数据。 相似文献
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照相机用蓝硅光电二极管的光谱响应必须符合人眼的视觉函数。本文采用紫外敏感的D2型硅光电二极管作为测量光强的探测器,并与标准器件的光谱响应进行比对的办法,选择闪耀波长较短的光栅等措施,对照相机用蓝硅光电二极管的光谱响应进行了测量,提高了光谱响应在短波段的测量准确性。 相似文献
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描述美国国家标准与技术研究院所建立的406 ̄920nm绝对光谱响应标度,该标度完全是建立在探测器测量基础上的,并可溯源到NIST高准确度低温辐射计。硅光电二极管光吸收探测器被用来将光功率测量由HACR传递到进行日常校准的单色仪装置。传递也包括建立硅光电二极管光吸收探测器的量子效率模型,最后给出了这些测量为基础的NIST现有能力的简单介绍。 相似文献
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选用高质量的PIN硅光电二极管,经稳定性考察,线性检查,V(λ)修正后与精密I/V变换器联为一体。经准确定标出光照度灵敏度后作为标准探测器。分三档调节,适用于测量的照度范围是102~10-3lx。用该标准探测器准确地将量值传递到能测到10-8lx量级的光电倍增管型探测器,从而成功地实现弱光度计量装置的建立。本文重点介绍硅标准探测器的选择、V(λ)修正、标定结果及误差。 相似文献
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本文重点介绍了三片反射式和六片透射式光阱式硅光电二极管的光路和结构设计,优越的性能使它们用作低温辐射计量值的保存和传递用光探测器.它们还作为低温辐射计国际比对用的中介探测器. 相似文献
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单能X射线光源是由X射线光机、双晶单色器、标准探测器以及准直系统组成。X射线光机产生的连续X射线,通过与双晶单色器发生布拉格衍射完成单色化,调节不同的特定布拉格角度得到能量范围30~160keV的单能X射线。为了研究标定装置的能量展宽,需要对该装置产生的单能X射线的能量分辨率进行研究。结果表明Si(220)晶体产生的单能X射线的能量分辨率为0.91%@30keV和2.3%@70.6keV,Si(551)晶体为1.97%@80.1keV和3.45%@142.6keV。使用这套装置对溴化镧晶体探测器的能量响应进行校准验证,实验发现该装置的能量分辨率良好,可以应用在多种类型探测器的标定实验、X射线质量衰减系数测量以及多层膜反射率测量等领域。 相似文献
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防护水平电离室剂量计是辐射防护的主要计量器具,需要在窄谱参考辐射质下进行检定和校准。利用EGSnrc软件模拟了参考辐射质X射线能谱,分析得到的能谱分辨率和平均能量与ISO 4037-1推荐值的最大偏差分别为7.1%和1.04%,均满足规范要求。依托60~250kV X射线空气比释动能国家基准装置,在窄谱系列参考辐射质下完成了距离X光机1m处参考点的空气比释动能量值复现;然后通过替代法对两个传递电离室进行校准并完成量值传递;最后利用传递电离室复现的2.25m处的空气比释动能率对PTW-32002球形电离室进行校准,获得相应的校准因子,校准因子相对扩展不确定度为2.2%(k=2)。 相似文献
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An experimental procedure is described for converting a gamma ray spectral measurement from a 7.6 cm x 7.6 cm (3 inch x 3 inch) sodium iodide (NaI) detector to air kerma rate. The calibration procedure involves measuring the energy deposited in the detector using 10 radioactive sources of known activity covering an energy range from 60 keV to 1,836 keV. For each of the 10 sources, gamma ray spectra were measured with the source at different angles to the detector axis. The total energy deposited in the detector for the ten sources was confirmed by Monte Carlo calculations. The spectra measured at different angles were combined to produce a spectrum that would represent a homogeneous semi-infinite source of radiation. The resultant spectrum was then subdivided into 10 energy regions. Based on the known air kerma rates due to the sources, a calibration coefficient was calculated for each of the 10 energy regions. These calibration coefficients could then be used to convert the energy deposited in the 10 regions of an unknown spectrum to air kerma rate. The calibration procedure was confirmed by comparing the results from the detector with those from calibrated collimated beams of 137Cs and 60Co. A comparison of measurements using a calibrated pressurised ionisation chamber with those from a similar Nal spectrometer in Finland provided additional confirmation of the calibration procedure. 相似文献
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The thermoluminescence (TL) detector material LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) and appropriate filter materials were combined in order to design a passive dosemeter measuring the operational quantity ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), for monitoring low-dose external photon radiation fields. Using the Monte Carlo simulation technique, optimisations of energy dependent conversion coefficients from air kerma free-in-air compared to ICRU and ISO proposed values. h*K(10), were performed by varying dosemeter detector positioning. geometrical arrangements, and filter materials. Deviations smaller than 5% compared to h*K(10) between 30 keV and 2.5 MeV of primary photon energies were achieved by a dosemeter design consisting of a 15 microm Sn metal layer and a 5 mm PMMA layer surrounding the LiF detector. Subsequently performed free-air verification experiments carried out in well defined standard photon radiation fields showed an obviously TL-specific effect. An underestimation up to -15% of the modelled data at low photon energies was observed. 相似文献
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环境辐射监测仪表作为微弱放射性监测计量器具,它的量值溯源是一个急需解决的问题。由于环境辐射剂量率低且电离信号微弱,故通常采用大体积电离室或者充压电离室进行测量。依托60~250kV X射线空气比释动能基准电离室,在完成重过滤窄谱X射线辐射质空气比释动能绝对测量的基础上,通过逐级替代法完成大体积环境辐射监测仪器的校准。测量结果不确定度为5.6%(k=2),实现环境水平X射线空气比释动能测量量值溯源,为国内环境辐射监测仪器在低剂量率水平的性能评价提供计量保障。 相似文献
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The signal charge from a free air ionisation chamber for the measurement of air kerma and exposure consists of not only the charge of ion pairs produced by secondary electrons (i.e. photoelectrons, Compton electrons and Auger electrons), but also the charge of the secondary electrons and single and multiple charged ions formed by the release of the secondary electrons. In the present work, correction factors for air kerma and exposure for the charge of the secondary electrons and ions were calculated for photons with energies in the range from 1 to 400 keV. The effects of an increase in the W value of air for low-energy electrons were also taken into consideration. It was found that the correction factors for air kerma and exposure have a maximum value near a photon energy of 30 keV; in the lower energy region, the correction factor for exposure monotonically decreases with a decrease in photon energy except for a small dip due to K-edge absorption by argon atoms in air. The values of the correction factors were found to be 0.9951 and 0.9892, respectively, for a spectrum with a mean energy of 7.5 keV, the reference X-ray spectrum with the lowest mean energy in ISO 4037-1. The air kerma correction is smaller than that for exposure, because for air kerma the signal due to the charge of secondary electrons and ions is partly compensated by the decrease in the number of ion pairs produced by the secondary electrons due to the increase of the W value of air for lower energy electrons. 相似文献
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