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燃煤电厂烟气中SO3等非常规污染物的排放尚未得到有效控制,其危害主要表现在低温腐蚀、设备堵塞和环境污染等,主要来源于煤的燃烧。对中国200种煤种基硫含量(Sar)进行统计分析,其范围在0.11%~3.47%,平均值为0.82%;SO3采样方法主要有控制冷凝法、异丙醇吸收法,将2种方法耦合使用,可大幅提高SO3的捕集率,提高测试数据的准确性;基于现场实测及文献调研,对现有燃煤电厂的SO3排放特征进行表征。结果可为后续燃煤电厂SO3排放控制提供借鉴。 相似文献
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电站气体浓度测量对实现燃烧优化、提高燃烧效率和火焰品质、减少污染物排放具有重要意义。以CO2气体为例进行研究,基于近红外波段可调谐激光吸收层析成像技术,提出了基于径向基(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络的高温气体CO2浓度测量方法。通过实验获取不同浓度下的CO2吸收可调谐激光光谱信号,计算CO2吸收谱线和原始信号的差值,提取出描述该差异性的统计特征参数作为RBF神经网络的输入,CO2浓度作为RBF神经网络的输出,建立了基于RBF神经网络的高温气体CO2浓度测量仿真模型,通过仿真实例验证了该方法的有效性和正确性。与GRNN神经网络对比分析表明:RBF神经网络法可以有效提高CO2浓度测量精度,为生物质发电高温气体计量提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为解决检测SO2时系统接收到的荧光信号微弱、易被噪声淹没的问题,提出了小波优化总体经验模态分解(EEMD)的方法对SO2荧光信号进行去噪。搭建了SO2紫外荧光检测系统对SO2浓度进行检测,检测的平均相对误差为0.0011, SO2浓度与荧光强度的线性相关系数为0.9787。利用小波优化EEMD去噪方法对SO2荧光信号去噪,得到的信噪比为224.7958,均方误差为1.01×10-7,波形相似系数为0.9973,SO2浓度与荧光强度的线性相关系数为0.9936。相比于EEMD和小波去噪方法,小波优化的EEMD去噪方法对SO2荧光信号的去噪效果更好,能够达到理想的去噪效果。 相似文献
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周红华 《中国新技术新产品》2023,(9):63-65
在火力发电厂超低排放海水脱硫系统中,烟气中含湿量大、SO2浓度低,由于SO2易溶入水,因此导致其测量较为困难。而采样管内积水会造成SO2测值偏低。该文针对异常原因分析并对采样管进行改善,以解决因积水问题造成的测值异常。稀释探头限流孔堵塞会导致SO2测值异常,该文分析了造成限流孔易堵塞原因,改善了探头加热系统,保证了SO2的准确测量。采用OPSIS公司稀释采样法和API公司T100型紫外荧光法SO2分析仪能准确稳定地测量烟气中SO2浓度,满足现行环保法规的要求。 相似文献
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参考标准物质研制技术,采用称量法制备了一批瓶装氮中SO2和NO混合标准气体,对混合气体的适用性进行了验证,并通过实验室比对考察了混合气体在生态环境监测领域的应用情况。结果表明,研制的SO2和NO混合标准气体具有较好的适用性,可以使用混合气体开展实验室比对,并在实际生态环境监测领域实验室比对中取得了良好的应用效果。实验室比对结果显示,SO2和NO评价结果为满意的实验室比例分别为79.4%和81.4%,表明目前我国气体SO2和NO整体检测能力和技术水平良好。 相似文献
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为解决传统检测方法耗时长、操作复杂等问题,研究了近红外光谱法快速定量检测双芳 3双基火药中安定剂含量的可行性。通过分析安定剂的特征光谱区间,得到合适的建模波段。采用不同的光谱预处理方法和选取最佳主因子数优化模型,使用偏最小二乘法建立安定剂的定量校正模型,对模型进行了外部验证。结果表明:使用1 100~ 1 248 nm、1 323~ 1 515 nm波段,采用标准正态变量变化(SNV)预处理原始光谱,主因子数为7时建立的定量校正模型的预测准确性和稳定性较高。校正模型决定系数(R2C)以及交互验证的决定系数(R2CV)分别为0.991和0.987;校正标准偏差(RMSEC)和交互验证的标准偏差(RMSECV)分别为0.065和0.077。使用预测集样品对建立的最佳校正模型进行外部验证,安定剂含量预测值与参考值的平均误差为0.044%。该方法可用于双芳-3双基火药中安定剂含量的快速检测。维也里试验证明,近红外光谱法可以用于评估双芳-3双基火药安定性的好坏。 相似文献
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燃煤积灰是超超临界锅炉热量传递链上重要的一环,它的辐射特性对于准确描述热量在锅炉内的传递非常重要。基于傅里叶红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)建立了高温法向光谱发射率测量平台。平台测量波长范围3~14μm,温度范围373~873K,采用标准黑漆样片对平台的测量结果进行了校准,对人工积灰样品光谱发射率开展了实验测量。发现人工灰样发射率具有显著的光谱分布特性,在短波段较低而长波段较高;随着温度的上升,人工积灰光谱发射率逐渐上升;随着Fe2O3含量的上升,整体人工灰样的光谱发射率在全光谱范围内上升。 相似文献
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铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)薄膜在红外波段具有高反射率的特性。设计了SiO2/AZO/Al2O3/Glass/SiO2光谱选择性反射膜。通过软件仿真和实验研究,探究了SiO2、AZO、Al2O3薄膜的光学常数以及物理厚度对SiO2/AZO/Al2O3/Glass/SiO2薄膜光谱特性的影响,确定了光谱选择性反射薄膜的制备工艺参数。根据工艺制得了对可见光平均透射率接近90%、红外(2.5~20μm)平均反射率大于85%的光谱选择性反射膜,薄膜的辐射率为0.08~0.12。以表面镀有光谱选择性反射膜的玻璃作为线性菲涅尔式聚光系统中的二次聚光器窗口,设计了新型二次聚光器。光谱选择性反射玻璃有效阻挡了集热管的热辐射,使聚光器辐射热损失降低约66%。 相似文献
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以Ti(SO4)2和Zn(NO3)2为原料,采用水热法制备TiO2-ZnO复合中空微球光催化剂。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、XPS及N2吸附-脱附等方法对TiO2-ZnO复合光催化剂的结构和性能进行表征,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,评价TiO2-ZnO复合中空微球光催化活性。结果表明,TiO2-ZnO光催化剂具有中空微球结构,粒径为1~2 μm,比表面积为30.46 m2/g。TiO2的加入可提高ZnO对光的吸收,有效降低电子空穴复合率。在高压Hg灯照射下,TiO2-ZnO复合中空微球的光催化性能均高于纯ZnO,其中Zn(NO3)2与Ti(SO4)2摩尔比为1:0.7条件下制备的TiO2-ZnO复合中空微球样品表现出较好的光催化活性,光照60 min,对MB的降解率可达95.8%,其光催化降解速率是纯ZnO的4.3倍。 相似文献
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A. Srinivasa Rao J. Lakshmana Rao R. Ramakrishna Reddy T. V. Ramakrishna Rao 《Optical Materials》1995,4(6):717-721
The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrum at 9.205 GHz and at 300 K has been examined for a series of Cr3+ ions doped alkali cadmium borosulphate [R2SO4-CdSO4-B2O3 (R=Li,Na,K or Cs)] glasses. The low field EPR spectral resonance lines are attributed to isolated Cr3+ ions where as the high field spectral resonance lines are attributed to exchange coupled pairs of Cr3+ ions. The absorption spectra of Cr3+ ions ions in these glasses show two broad bands characteristic of Cr3+ ions in octahedral symmetry. The bands are slightly shifted to higher wavelength side from Li glass to Cs glass. From the optical spectra the crystal field parameter Dq and the Racah interelectronic repulsion parameters B and C are evaluated. From the EPR and optical data, it is concluded that, the site symmetry around the Cr3+ ions is octahedral and the nature of bonding is predominantly covalent in nature. 相似文献
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The optical absorption coefficients of highly oriented laser-evaporated thin films were determined from the measured reflectance R(λ) and transmittance T(λ) in the wavelength range 400–1700 nm. The optical absorption spectrum of CuInSe2 thin films shows three energy gaps, which are associated with the fundamental edge and valence band splitting by the tetragonal crystal-field and spin-orbit effects, and four optical transitions from the copper d levels to the conduction bands. 相似文献
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利用无容器技术制备了(La0.94-xEr0.06Ybx)(Ti0.95Zr0.05)2.25O6(x=0~0.24, 间隔0.04)球状透明玻璃, 其稀土离子掺杂浓度最大值达到30%。通过DTA分析发现, 玻璃具有很好的热稳定性, x=0时玻璃化转变温度Tg和析晶起始温度To分别为818℃和906℃, ΔT(ΔT= To-Tg)为88℃, 玻璃形成能力较低。随着Yb3+浓度提高, Tg、To和ΔT逐渐下降, 说明Yb3+降低了玻璃的热稳定性和形成能力。利用紫外可见分光光度计测定了样品的吸收/透过光谱, 玻璃在975 nm具有很强的吸收峰, 表明Yb3+可以有效提高玻璃对入射光的吸收强度; 在可见光范围内除特征吸收外具有近70%的透过率, 说明玻璃具有良好的透可见光性能, 有望获得高强上转换发光输出。上转换荧光光谱研究表明: 在980 nm激光泵浦下, 获得了中心位于535、554和672 nm处的绿、红发光带, x=0.16的发光最强, 672 nm处的红光强度是x=0的近130倍。上转换发光强度与泵浦功率关系的分析表明: 535、554 nm处的绿光和672 nm处的红光发光均是双光子发光过程。 相似文献
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Optical absorption and photoluminescence of Ca3(VO4)2 single crystal grown by a floating-zone technique and containing Nd3+ ions were investigated. High absorption coefficients and broadening of most absorption bands are present at 300 K, while substructures in some of the same bands can be evidenced at 12 K. Most features of measured spectra are characteristic of random occupation of more than a single Ca2+ site by the Nd3+ ion and of distortions provoked by different charge compensation mechanisms involving oxygen vacancies promotion in the crystal lattice. Nd3+ optical properties were studied by using the Judd-Ofelt theory to calculate the spectral parameters relevant for laser applications. 相似文献
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Liquid phase epitaxy growth of bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet thin films for magneto-optical applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The novel Bi-substituted rare-earth iron garnet films were grown by the modified liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique for use as a 45° Faraday rotator in optical isolators. First, single crystals of Y3Fe5O12 (YIG), with a lattice constant of 1.2378 nm, were grown by means of the Czochralski method. Using the seed crystal of YIG instead of the conventional non-magnetic garnet of Gd3Ga5O12 as a substrate, a film of BiYbIG was grown by means of the LPE method from Bi2O3–B2O3 fluxes. The structural, magnetic and magneto-optical properties of BiYbIG LPE film/YIG crystal composite have been investigated using directional X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, vibrating sample magnetometer and near-infrared transmission spectrometry. The saturation magnetization 4πMs has been estimated to be approximately 1200 G. The Faraday rotation spectrum was measured by the method of rotating analyzer ellipsometry with the wavelength varying from 800 to 1700 nm. The resultant Bi0.37Yb2.63Fe5O12 LPE film/YIG crystal composite showed an increased Faraday rotation coefficient due to doping Bi3+ ions on the dodecahedral sites of the magnetic garnet without increasing absorption loss, therefore a good magneto-optic figure of merit, defined by the ratio of Faraday rotation and optical absorption loss, has been achieved of 21.5 deg/dB and 30.2 deg/dB at 1300 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths, respectively, at room temperature. Since Yb3+ ions and Y3+ ions provide the opposite contributes to the wideband and temperature characteristic of Faraday rotation, the values of Faraday rotation wavelength and temperature coefficients were reduced to 0.06%/nm and 0.007 deg/°C at 1550 nm wavelength, respectively. 相似文献