手持式激光测距仪检定方法及系统研究

针对现有手持式激光测距仪检定方法所需场地大、室外环境干扰因素多的问题,提出了一种“小空间长距离”的测量方案,基于此方案研制的手持式激光测距仪检定装置,以高精度全站仪的示值作为长度基准,利用镜面反射原理,在室内16 m长导轨上复现50 m标准长度,消除了野外测量中环境因素的影响。实验结果表明,检定系统满足JJG 966-2010《手持式激光测距仪》检定规程中示值误差检定技术要求,可以实现对手持式激光测距仪示值误差的检定。     

一种新型手持式激光测距仪示值误差的检定方法

针对当前手持式激光测距仪检定方法自动化程度偏低和量值溯源准确度等级不高的现状,结合其测量原理并以室内长度测量系统为标准器,提出了一种新型手持式激光测距仪示值误差的检定方法,同时完成了测量结果的不确定度评定,且结果满足规程要求。     

基于Excel的手持式激光测距仪检定数据处理及结果判断

正在手持式激光测距仪检定过程中,涉及检定原始数据的温度修正、平均值、重复性、示值误差等运算,数据位数多、个数多,中间计算结果多,手工计算工作量大且极易出错,直接影响检定工作质量和工作效率。手持式激光测距仪根据测量一致性、重复性、示值误差的不同分为0级、1级、2级,人工判断级别容易产生逻辑错误。选用Excel软件解决了手持式激光测距     

手持式激光测距仪示值误差测量结果不确定度分析

本文依据JJG 966-2010手持式激光测距仪检定规程和JJF 1059-1999测量不确定度评定及表示,对手持式激光测距仪示值误差测量结果进行了不确定度评定,通过阐述测量过程中产生的各分量对示值误差的影响,得到了测量结果的扩展不确定度.     

一种基于室内手持式激光测距仪校准装置的研制

根据JJG 966-2010《手持式激光测距仪检定规程》研制了一种基于室内手持式激光测距仪校准装置。介绍了该校准装置的原理、校准方法、不确定度分析。实验结果分析对比显示,该装置满足JJG 966-2010《手持式激光测距仪检定规程》检定技术要求,可以实现室内环境下手持式激光测距仪的校准。     

基于光路折叠的室内基线场误差分析方法研究

为了有效开展长距离光电测距类仪器的室内检定工作,在50m高精度导轨上利用1组平面反射镜进行光路折叠,搭建了100m室内基线场。对基线系统的测量误差进行了分析,考虑各项误差的调整精度,将误差分析结果应用到实际光路调整过程中,分析得到对基线长度影响更显著的误差量,并对其进行了控制和调整,提高测量光路的平行性调整精度,最后选择双频激光干涉仪作为长度基准开展验证实验。实验结果表明:通过光路折叠方法可以实现2倍光程倍增,基线系统的精度较高,可进行连续测量,有效地解决了室内基线建立过程中所存在的检测效率低、可重复性差等技术问题。     

手持式激光测距仪室内自动检定装置的研究

针对室外基线法检定手持式激光测距仪费时费力的缺点,泰州市计量测试院研究建立了一套室内自动检定装置,大大提高了检定效率。文章主要介绍了室内自动检定装置的设计、自动测量方法、不确定评定和室内外两套装置的检定结果比对。证明了室内自动检定装置的准确可靠,可在有条件地区推广使用。     

手持式激光测距仪各基准面测量一致性调整装置的设计

各基准面测量一致性是手持式激光测距仪检定项目中的一项计量技术指标,针对手持式激光测距仪基准面的特点,设计了多自由度调节基座和多基准面统一的调整平台复合的各基准面测量一致性调整装置,实现了在同一基准下直接测量手持式激光测距仪各基准面测量一致性项目。     

利用光纤检定激光测距仪的研究

为保证激光测距仪的精度和可靠性,必须要对它进行定期检定.常用的检定法是在经过精密测量的野外基线场上采用六段比较法求得.而这种野外基线场需占用大量的土地资源,检定受地质条件、地理位置、地面建筑构造、气象与温度等环境因素的影响,并且野外作业工作量大,一直是国内外研究所关注的问题.本文通过利用光纤放入室内,代替野外基线来检测激光测距仪这一国内外所关注的问题进行了初步的理论分析与实验研究.分析了用作基线的光纤类型的选择以及耦合方式的选取,研究了耦合、光波、温度对光波在光纤中传输光程的影响.理论分析与实验验证基本符合,说明用光纤在室内代替野外基线来检定激光测距仪是可行的.     

激光自准直仪示值误差的检定方法

针对激光自准直仪示值误差的检定,提出了一种基于双频激光干涉仪的检定方法,介绍了检定系统的工作原理。以双频激光干涉仪为基准反馈部件,利用自动控制技术对激光自准直仪示值误差的检定,系统可完成对标称示值误差为0.5″（±100″内）的激光自准直仪的自动示值误差检定,最后通过实验验证了方案的可行性。     

基于误差相消原理的光程倍增测量方法

针对大尺寸激光测距类仪器的量值溯源问题,研究了一种基于误差相消原理光程倍增的长距离测量方法,建立具有误差相消特性的测量模型,系统实现了4倍光程倍增,具有倍程结构简单、测量准确度高、测量稳定性好、连续测量等特点。实验复现了室内13m的虚拟长度基线,验证了测量方法的可行性,该方法有望将中远距离的基线场测距缩短至室内完成,将大空间的室内长距离测量缩短至小空间内的短距离测量。     

A novel method of combined interval analysis and homotopy continuation in indoor building reconstruction

In this article, several mathematical and statistical methods for uncertainty modelling in indoor buildings are investigated. To reduce the time and cost of the indoor building data-acquisition process, the Trimble LaserAce 1000 rangefinder is used. The accuracy of the rangefinder is evaluated and a simple spatial model is reconstructed. The rangefinder has been used for forest applications to measure the height of trees. In this article, the rangefinder is used for indoor building environment data collection and mapping. The rangefinder was calibrated using a least squares adjustment algorithm and a novel method of interval-valued homotopy as a continuous deformation that reconstructs straight lines or algebraic curves between any pair of three-dimensional data. Homotopy gives better results in term of root mean square error than conventional surveying engineering methods where, in some cases, cubic homotopy gives results 11 times better than conventional methods.     

Absolute interferometric distance measurement using a FM-demodulation technique

We propose an interferometric method for measuring absolute distances larger than the wavelength. A laser diode is used as a light source. The principle of operation is based on multiple-wavelength interferometry that uses a modulated light source. This method uses the fact that the wavelength of light emitted by the laser diode can be varied by means of the injection current. The modulation of the injection current in combination with the optical heterodyne technique causes a high-frequency phase-modulated detector signal. The phase deviation of the signal is a measure of the optical path difference in the interferometer. By FM demodulation of the detector output with a phase-locked loop demodulator, the optical path difference can be determined directly without the classical ambiguity problem of interferometry. The measuring range in the experiments was limited to 50 mm by the maximum travel range of the used specimen translation stage. Because of the inherent light sensitivity of the method described, the rangefinder can be used for three-dimensional profile measurements on a wide variety of objects, even on diffuse scattering surfaces.     

大长度激光测量中阿贝误差消除方法的研究

提出一种基于3路独立激光干涉仪消除大长度激光测量中的阿贝误差的方法,3路干涉仪的安装位置可布置成任意三角形。通过3路干涉仪的测量结果及被测仪器与3路干涉仪安装位置的几何关系,构造一路与被测仪器同光路的虚拟干涉仪,推导虚拟干涉仪的测长公式。该算法对干涉仪的安装位置无特殊要求,在实践中易于实现。为验证算法的有效性,依托于室内80 m大长度标准装置,通过改变被测仪器安装位置,在45 m范围内进行了3组不同的验证实验。实验结果显示消除阿贝误差后,残余的其它误差的最大值仅为1.10 μm,该算法可有效地消除阿贝误差。     

Modeling and Analysis on Alignment Error of Four Path Step Gauge Interferometer

The four path laser interferometer has been used for calibration of step gauge. Preceding studies adopting four path laser interferometer have achieved the expanded uncertainty of about 0.5 μm for 1000 mm. On the other hand, there is a concern remained that the alignment procedure seems to be tedious and the resulted uncertainty estimation becomes an empirical one. The current study aims to build an error model expressing cosine error appeared in the optical system of the four path laser interferometer. The result of model analysis points out that conventional error estimation may cause non-negligible under estimation on cosine error. The model analysis performed to clarify error propagation of angular deflection of plane mirrors of the four path laser interferometer requires thorough consideration for estimating its contribution to the uncertainty.     

Laser Distance Meter for Short Distances

The laser rangefinder considered here, for measuring short distances (up to 50 m) between objects, is based on the principle of laser signal emission and reflected signal reception. It converts the computed measured distance and shows it on a built-in display panel. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 7, pp. 19–21, July, 2005.     

1.2 km标准基线环境参数自动测量系统研制

为提高野外测量折射率补偿实时性,研制了1.2km标准基线环境参数测量系统,该系统采用一种硬件分组和软件并行采集方案,将系统传感器数据采集的正确率提高到98%以上,82个传感器完整循环采集一次的时间小于7s。计算出传感器7s采样间隔温度变化量,分析评估折射率补偿结果,为野外标准基线测量提供科学的视角,量化寻找基线理想的测量时段,使延时温差小于0.05℃,高精度测距仪基线测量时的折射率修正误差控制在5×10^-8内。