贝莱斯芽孢杆菌处理对厚皮甜瓜保鲜效果及保护酶活性的影响

为探究生防菌处理对厚皮甜瓜保鲜效果和保护酶活性的影响,本研究选用西州蜜25号厚皮甜瓜作为研究对象,通过在25 ℃和4 ℃条件下在厚皮甜瓜表面接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BG-2,测定贮藏期间拮抗菌在厚皮甜瓜表面定殖特性、保鲜效果和厚皮甜瓜过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）、多酚氧化酶（Polyphenol oxidase,PPO）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（Phenylalnine ammonialyase,PAL）活性的变化。结果表明,在25 ℃和4 ℃条件下,拮抗菌在厚皮甜瓜表面定殖数量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势且能稳定定殖。接种拮抗菌的厚皮甜瓜腐烂效果、抑制pH和可溶性固形物含量的下降显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。POD和PAL活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,PPO活性在室温下呈现先上升后下降趋势,在低温下呈现缓慢上升趋势。25 ℃下,拮抗菌处理组POD在第20 d时酶活最高,PAL和PPO在第10 d时酶活最高;4 ℃下,拮抗菌处理组POD和PAL在第20 d时酶活最高。PPO处理在第40 d时酶活最高。且拮抗菌处理过的厚皮甜瓜酶活始终高于病原菌处理组。在25 ℃和4 ℃贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BG-2均能在厚皮甜瓜表皮上稳定定殖,抑制贮藏期厚皮甜瓜腐烂,延缓pH、可溶性固形物、POD、PPO和PAL酶活性下降,且BG-2和低温相结合对上述效果更好。本研究为延长新疆厚皮甜瓜贮藏期提供理论依据,为生防菌作用在厚皮甜瓜采后保鲜提供技术支持。     

1- 甲基环丙烯复合焦亚硫酸钠处理对厚皮甜瓜的保鲜效果

以陕西省阎良区厚皮甜瓜为试材,采用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、焦亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O5)以及二者结合的处理方法,研究厚皮甜瓜采后生理变化及贮藏品质。结果表明：1-MCP结合Na2S2O5处理能明显延缓厚皮甜瓜硬度下降,抑制可溶性固形物含量快速上升,有效少果实腐烂,同时抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化物酶的活性,使过氧化氢酶和超氧化物岐化酶活性处于较高水平。在这种处理方式下,贮藏80d后,果实腐烂指数0.37、商品果率80%。1-MCP结合Na2S2O5复合处理对厚皮甜瓜具有很好的保鲜效果。     

不同处理方式对厚皮甜瓜的贮藏保鲜效果研究

以陕西省阎良区厚皮甜瓜为试材,采用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、焦亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O5)、噻苯咪唑(TBZ)结合气调等处理方法,研究了厚皮甜瓜的采后生理变化及贮藏品质,得出了厚皮甜瓜的贮藏方法。结果表明,采用1-MCP结合Na2S2O5处理,能抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,使过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性处于较高水平,明显延缓厚皮甜瓜硬度的下降,抑制可溶性固形物含量快速上升,有效地减少果实腐烂,用该处理贮藏80d,果实腐烂指数0.37,商品果率80%。另外,厚皮甜瓜在TBZ结合气调的方式下贮藏也具有较好的贮藏保鲜效果。     

采后热处理对厚皮甜瓜贮藏品质的影响

为探讨采后热处理贮藏厚皮甜瓜的效果,以“玉金香”厚皮甜瓜为试材,研究采后53℃热水浸泡处理3min 对果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：热水处理可明显降低果实失重率,在贮藏第10 天时,处理组果实失重率较对照组低32.4%;热处理也可较好地保持果实硬度,在贮藏第10 天时,处理组果实硬度较对照组高30%;热处理还可延缓果实可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,较好地保持果实的感官品质。热处理可作为一项采后保鲜措施应用于厚皮甜瓜贮藏。     

采前翠贝喷洒及采后壳聚糖涂膜对厚皮甜瓜低温贮藏期间冷害及品质的影响

厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)对低温敏感,在低温条件下贮藏易发生冷害,导致果实品质下降,货架期缩短。本实验以"玛瑙"厚皮甜瓜为材料,研究了在果实发育期(幼果期、膨大期、网纹形成期及采前48 h)单独400 mg/L翠贝4次喷洒、采后单独1.5%壳聚糖涂膜及采前、采后结合处理对果实低温(5℃)贮藏期间冷害及品质的影响。结果表明,采前单独翠贝喷洒或结合采后壳聚糖涂膜均可有效减轻贮藏期间的厚皮甜瓜冷害,明显降低果实细胞膜渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,其中以采前翠贝处理对冷害的控制效果最好,在贮藏第21 d时,处理果实的冷害指数仅相当于对照组的1/3。同样,以上3种处理还延缓了贮藏期间果实可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)的下降,保持了果实良好的品质。其中,采前翠贝处理对维持果实的硬度和亮度、色泽效果较好;而采后壳聚糖涂膜对延缓果实TSS下降,降低失重率的效果较为突出。     

臭氧处理对厚皮甜瓜采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

在6℃贮藏条件下,分别对86-1厚皮甜瓜采用浓度为2.5、1.5、0.6μL/L臭氧间隙处理(每48 h处理1次),结果表明,2.5μ/L臭氧间隙处理能显著抑制厚皮甜瓜86-1的呼吸与乙烯的生成,延缓果实的衰老,并显著地抑制可滴定酸和还原糖含量的下降,能明显地延长厚皮甜瓜86-1的贮藏期并维持甜瓜品质.而臭氧处理浓度越低,贮藏效果越差,贮藏期越短.     

不同处理方式对厚皮甜瓜贮藏品质的影响

以‘千玉1号’厚皮甜瓜为试材,采用噻苯咪唑(TBZ)熏蒸、焦亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O5)、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合气调贮藏等处理方法,研究了不同处理方式下厚皮甜瓜贮藏期间果实品质的变化。结果表明,厚皮甜瓜经TBZ熏蒸后置于贮藏环境中,放入Na2S2O5和1-MCP,在气体成分5%O2+7%CO2+88%N2、温度(1.0±0.5)℃、相对湿度85%~90%条件下贮藏,能延缓果实可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量下降,减少水分散失,抑制相对电导率上升,有效地保存总糖含量和原果胶含量,降低果实腐烂损失,使果实硬度保持在较高水平。经该处理后贮藏50 d,甜瓜商品果率91%,果实外观新鲜,感官品质良好,保鲜效果理想。     

不同贮藏低温对厚皮甜瓜果实品质的影响

以"金红宝"厚皮甜瓜为材料,研究采后不同低温贮藏(3、7、9℃)对果实贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明:7℃可有效的维持果实品质,延缓失重率、硬度和TSS的下降,保持TA和VC含量;9℃虽可保持果实的采后品质但总体不如7℃;3℃下果实失重率、硬度、TSS和TA含量下降迅速,VC和果皮色度也显著低于7℃和9℃。由此表明,果实贮藏在3℃下发生了冷害,导致了品质的劣变,7℃可最大限度地保持"金红宝"甜瓜的品质。     

不同臭氧处理对甜瓜采后生理影响

以哈密瓜西州蜜17号为实验材料,在低温(6~8℃,RH80%~85%)环境下对甜瓜分别采取不同臭氧浓度(2.14、4.28、6.42 mg/cm~3)和不同间隔时间(12、24、48 h)处理,每次通入臭氧后进行密闭处理40 min,研究不同臭氧处理对甜瓜在整个贮藏保鲜42 d中的变化。结果表明:臭氧处理能够有效延缓相对电导率的上升,可滴定酸和抗坏血酸平均每天仅下降1.1%、1.2%,臭氧对其下降起到了明显的抑制作用,同时降低了23%的呼吸速率,推迟7 d出现呼吸高峰,腐烂指数仅为对照组的6.8%。臭氧浓度4.28 mg/cm~3、处理间隔时间24 h可以最好的保持甜瓜果实采后品质,延长了低温贮藏时间。本文为甜瓜采后贮运保鲜提供了可行的方法。     

用SPME方法分析不同贮藏方式厚皮甜瓜香气成分的研究

采用固相微萃取(SPME)与气相色谱一质谱联用(GC-MS)的方法,对在6±0.5℃冷藏条件下,采用O24%～6%,CO2 0.2%～0.5%的气体成分进行CA贮藏和每48h处理1次,每次处理时间为3min,处理后臭氧浓度为0.45μL/L的臭氧间隙处理贮藏的新疆厚皮甜瓜"金凤凰"的香气成分进行了比较研究.贮藏52d时,上述两种贮藏方式的厚皮甜瓜中分别测定出30余种挥发性物质,其中CA贮藏的厚皮甜瓜中检测出20种酯类,占峰面积的85.49%,臭氧间隙处理的厚皮甜瓜中检测出17种酯类,占峰面积的67.15%.研究表明,酯类是构成厚皮甜瓜香气的主要成分.两种贮藏方式的厚皮甜瓜在贮藏52d时,挥发性物质的组成和相对含量差异显著,与臭氧间隙处理相比,O24%～6%,CO20.2%～0.5%的CA贮藏更能有效地保持厚皮甜瓜中的香气成分.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the