一种E类驱动单级式电子镇流器的仿真研究

提出了一种E类驱动结构的谐振式电子镇流器,将E类结构和buck-boost功率因数校正结构整合成一种单级式电子镇流器。由于E类驱动式的谐振电路只需一个开关管,经过整合后的电路也只需一个控制电路和一个开关管,进一步降低了镇流器的成本提高了效率。文章分析了E类镇流器电路工作在最佳情况下的工作状态,仿真采用脉宽调制控制电路工作。     

Single-stage electronic ballast with high-power factor

This article proposes a single-stage electronic ballast circuit with high-power factor. The proposed circuit was derived by sharing the switches of the power factor correction (PFC) and the half-bridge LCC resonant inverter. This integration of switches forms the proposed single-stage electronic ballast, which provides an almost unity power factor and a ripple-free input current by using a coupled inductor without increasing the voltage stress. In addition, it realises zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) by employing the self-oscillation technique. The saturable transformer constituting the self-oscillating drive limits the lamp current and dominates the switching frequency of the ballast. Therefore, the proposed single-stage ballast has the advantage of high-power factor, high efficiency, low cost and high reliability. Steady-state analysis of the PFC and the half-bridge LCC resonant inverter are described. The results of experiments performed using a 30 W fluorescent lamp are also presented to confirm the performance of the proposed ballast.     

High power factor self-power-controlling electronic ballast usingcurrent source type push-pull resonant inverter

A new simple low cost high power factor correction circuit for electronic ballast employing a current source type push-pull resonant inverter is proposed. The proposed circuit provides high power factor, low current harmonic distortion, self-power-controlling operation for load variations and cost-effectiveness     

A Novel Single-Switch Single-Stage Electronic Ballast

A single-stage single-switch high- frequency electronic ballast topology is presented. The circuit topology is the integration of a buck power- factor-correction （PFC） converter and a class E resonant inverter with only one active power switch. The buck converter is operated in discontinuous conduction mode and at a fixed switching frequency, and constant duty cycle to achieve high power factor and it can be controlled easily. Detailed analysis of the operation and characteristics of the circuit is provided. Simulation results satisfy present standard requirements.     

Power factor correction circuit for low-cost electronic ballastusing current-source type push-pull resonant inverter

A new low-cost high power factor correction circuit for electronic ballast employing current-source type push-pull resonant inverter (CS-PPRI) is proposed. The proposed circuit provides good power factor correction, low current harmonic distortion and cost-effectiveness. The prototype meets the IEC555-2 requirements satisfactorily     

A Novel Constant Power Control Circuit for HID Electronic Ballast

This paper presents a constant power control circuit for a three-stage high-intensity discharge (HID) electronic ballast. The three-stage electronic ballast is composed of a boost pre-regulator to achieve a high power factor, a DC/DC buck converter to regulate lamp current with constant lamp power, and a full-bridge inverter to drive the HID lamp with a low-frequency ac squarewave current. The buck converter operating in current mode utilizes current sense level-shift technique to achieve constant power output. The proposed constant power control circuit is easily designed and implemented for the three-stage HID electronic ballast. Finally, a laboratory prototype of a 70 W HID electronic ballast is implemented. The measured results show that the proposed ballast can be applied for various HID lamps with low lamp power variation (less than 0.6%).     

A Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast Based on Integrated Buck Flyback Converter to Supply Metal Halide Lamps

In this paper, a novel single-stage electronic ballast with a high power factor is presented. The ballast circuit is based on the integration of a buck converter to provide the power factor correction, and a flyback converter to control the lamp power and to supply the lamp with a low-frequency square-waveform current. Both converters work in discontinuous conduction mode, which simplifies the control. In spite of being an integrated topology, the circuit does not present additional stress of voltage or current in the main switch, which handles only the flyback or buck current, depending on the operation mode. To supply the lamp with a low-frequency square-wave current to avoid acoustic resonances, the flyback has two secondary windings that operate complementarily at a low frequency. The design procedure of the converters is also detailed. Experimental results from a 35-W metal halide lamp are presented, where the proposed ballast reached a power factor of 0.95, a total harmonic distortion of 30% (complying with IEC 61000-3-2), and an efficiency of 90%.     

Single-stage electronic ballast with dimming feature and unitypower factor

Analysis, design, and practical consideration of a single-stage electronic ballast with dimming feature and unity power factor are presented in this paper. The proposed single-stage ballast is the combination of a boost converter and a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter. The boost semistage working in the discontinuous conduction mode functions as a power factor corrector and the inverter semistage operated above resonance are employed to ballast the lamp. Replacing the lamp with the plasma model, analysis of the ballast is fulfilled. The dimming feature is carried out by pulse-width modulation (PWM) and variable-frequency controls simultaneously. The proposed single-stage ballast is suitable for applications with moderate power level and low-line voltage while requiring a high-output voltage. It can save a controller, an active switch and its driver, reduce size, and possibly increase system reliability while requiring two additional diodes over a conventional two-stage system. A prototype was implemented to verify the theoretical discussion. The hardware measurements have shown that the desired performance can be achieved feasibly     

Analysis and design of a high power factor, single-stage electronic ballast for high-intensity discharge lamps

This paper proposes a single-stage electronic ballast for high-intensity discharge lamps. The ballast consists of the integration of a boost converter in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and a full-bridge LCC resonant inverter. The boost semi-stage working in DCM functions as a power factor corrector and the inverter semi-stage operated above resonance is employed to drive the lamp. The sine-wave approximation is used to design the inverter at steady-state. The proposed electronic ballast can save a controller, reduce size and possibly increase system reliability compared to conventional two-stage system. The proposed ballast is analyzed, simulated and experimentally verified with a 125 W HPS lamp.     

Single-stage line-coupled half-bridge ballast with unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor

A single-stage line-coupled half-bridge ballast with unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor is proposed. The proposed power-factor-correction circuit can achieve unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor. A saturable transformer constituting the self-oscillating drive limits the lamp current and dominates the switching frequency of the ballast. The proposed ballast has high energy efficiency, low cost, and high reliability compared to the conventional high-power-factor electronic ballasts. Experimental results obtained on a 30-W fluorescent lamp is discussed.     

Design and Implementation of a Single-Stage High-Frequency HID Lamp Electronic Ballast

We present a single-stage electronic ballast with a high power factor feature for driving high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps. A new frequency-modulation technique is proposed to eliminate the acoustic resonance problem in HID lamps under high-frequency operation. The proposed method has the merits of simple circuit and low cost; thus, it is suitable for use in commercial applications. The conducted emission caused by the high-frequency electronic ballast can be also effectively reduced. The operating principles and design considerations of the proposed electronic ballast are analyzed and discussed in detail. A 35-W laboratory prototype is designed and implemented. Simulation and experimental waveforms are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results are satisfactory.     

A novel single-stage constant-wattage high-power-factor electronicballast

A novel single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast is presented in this paper. The ballast is obtained from the integration of a buck-boost converter and a half-bridge LC resonant inverter. The ballast features lamp power regulation against line voltage fluctuations together with high power factor and dimming capability. The steady-state analysis of the ballast is performed and a low-frequency model of the input stage is derived. A design example, including closed-loop circuitry, is also presented. Finally, some experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown     

Analysis and experimental results of a single-stagehigh-power-factor electronic ballast based on flyback converter

A new single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast based on a flyback converter is presented in this paper. The ballast is able to supply a fluorescent lamp assuring a high-input power factor for the utility line. Other features are lamp power regulation against line voltage variations and low lamp current crest factor, both assuring long lamp life. The ballast is analyzed at steady-state operation, and design equations and characteristics are obtained. Also, a procedure for the ballast design is presented. Finally, simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown     

Acoustic-Resonance-Free High-Frequency Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps

To avoid the acoustic resonance on operating metal halide lamps, an autofrequency-searching method is implemented on the high-frequency electronic ballast. The proposed method allows the use of a high-frequency electronic ballast, making the ballast able to adjust the operating frequency automatically as soon as the acoustic resonance is detected and, consequently, to locate it at a stable frequency. The electronic ballast achieves a high efficiency and a high power density through the employment of a high-frequency resonant inverter with an embedded buck-boost converter for power-factor correction and lamp power regulation. The control strategy is realized by a microprocessor along with the acoustic-resonance detection circuit. The operation of autofrequency searching is illustrated by the experiments on an electronic ballast designed for 70-W metal halide lamps.      

Novel Automotive High Intensity Discharge(HID) Lamps with Electronic Ballasts

A new scheme of automotive high intensity discharge(HID) lamps with electronic ballasts is proposed. The design of the proposed ballast and some experimental results are presented. The proposed scheme is consisted of the high frequency DC-DC converter and the low frequency DC-AC inverter. This system separates the input voltage of the ignitor from DC link voltage using auxiliary winding, then it could use the lower voltage rating power devices for HID lamp ballast system and reduce the size of HID lamp ballast. The proposed ballast controller using micro-controller unit(MCU) controls the frequency to operate the DC-DC converter in critical conduction mode, which reduces the noise of the circuit and improves the efficiency by 2%~4%.     

Design of fluorescent lamp ballast with PFC using a power piezoelectric transformer

An investigation of a high-power piezoelectric transformer (PT) as a potential component for a fluorescent lamp (FL) ballast with power factor correction (PFC) is discussed. The attractiveness of the PT is primarily the simplicity of the resulting circuit, and it is easy to be produced in mass with a low cost. A single-stage charge-pump PFC ballast using a PT is proposed. The proposed ballast circuit improved the drawbacks of the conventional voltage-source charge-pump PFC (VS-CPPFC) scheme. Empirical PT modeling based on power level excitation is performed to design the proposed circuit, and the experimental and simulation results are provided to verify theoretical analysis.     

光伏发电用推挽正激升压电源的研究

针对光伏发电升压电源中存在的输入输出不隔离及体积大效率低的缺点,研制了一款具有MPPT功能的新型推挽正激升压电源。以推挽正激变换器作为升压电源的核心,设计了升压电源主电路、控制电路、反馈电路。在最大功率点跟踪中提出了扰动因子,利用改进的变步长扰动观察法对传统的MPPT算法进行优化。实验结果显示了变换器良好的特性,推挽正激升压电源达到了结构简单稳定性高的设计要求并能准确迅速跟踪外部环境的变化。     

Single-stage electronic ballast with class-E rectifier as power-factor corrector

A single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with a Class-E rectifier as a power-factor corrector is proposed. A Class-E rectifier is inserted between the front-end bridge rectifier and the bulk filter capacitor to increase the conduction angle of the bridge-rectifier diode current for obtaining low line-current harmonics. The Class-E rectifier is driven by a high-frequency sinusoidal current source, which is obtained from the square-wave output voltage of the Class-D inverter through an LC series resonant circuit. A high-frequency transformer is used for impedance matching. The experimental results for a 32-W prototype ballast are given. The switching frequency was 61.3 kHz. At full power, the power factor was 0.992 and the total ballast efficiency was 88.3%. The lamp-current crest factor was about 1.36. The simulated and experimental results were in very good agreement.     

Improved start-up scenario for single-stage electronic ballast

This paper presents improved start-up scenario for single-stage electronic ballast derived with a synchronous switch technique (SST). Based on the SST, the derivation of a single-stage inverter (SSI) used for realizing the ballast is then addressed. The SSI can achieve both high power factor and ballasting function. During lamp start-up transition, power imbalance may exist between the power factor correction semi-stage and the ballast semi-stage, and filament preheating is an important issue. Power imbalance usually results in a high DC-link voltage which, in turn, imposes high stress on the switching devices. Investigation of the ballast operation is conducted, from which control strategies for reducing component stresses and hot resistance detection circuits for minimizing electrode sputtering are therefore proposed. Hardware measurements have verified that on-off tests are higher than 18,000 times without significant sputtering     

一种新型DC/AC变换器在光伏微电网中的应用

提出了一种新颖的特别适用于太阳能与风能发电电力转换的单级单相升降压变换器,变换器四个功率开关管可以全部采用IGBT,其中二个也可以由可控硅替换,无需其它的任何额外开关。因此该变换器电路在实现高性能的同时降低了变换器电路成本费用。对提出的变换器进行了理论分析和建模,该电路设计理论经过光伏应用实验验证了其可行性和实用性。