MBR在石化企业污水处理上的可行性探讨

石油化工废水的特点是含有大量油、硫化物的有毒有害物质和难降解的污染物等,通过预处理及二级生化处理后,基本可以达到排放要求。但要达到回用目的,必须进行深度处理。在各种处理手段中,采用MBR技术是简捷有效的,尤其用于改造工程。利用膜的选择透水性,实现曝气池中生物的富集,使生物处理效率大幅度提高。根据工程实践结果证明,运行效果稳定,出水水质好。     

MBR技术在炼油污水生化处理中的应用

为了提高炼厂污水生化处理能力,长庆石化公司采用膜生物反应器技术(MBR)与生化A/O(缺氧/好氧)工艺相结合,处理装置生产中产生的炼油废水。应用结果表明,在工艺控制平稳的情况下,采用膜生物反应器处理含油废水,加快加大了生物处理能力,能有效的降低炼油废水中各种污染物含量,达到污水处理后直接回用或进一步深度处理后回用,实现污水的资源化利用。     

真空膜蒸馏技术在石油化工领域的应用研究进展

石油化工是我国国民经济的重要组成部分,是现代工业的支柱产业之一。真空膜蒸馏(VMD)是一种新型的膜分离技术,它具有较高的膜通量、近乎100%的截留率和节能环保等特点。基于真空膜蒸馏的原理和传质传热过程,在炼厂脱硫液再生、海水淡化、油田污水处理等石油化工领域中的研究现状,以及近年来应用于石化方面膜材料的研究进展,对真空膜蒸馏在石化领域应用中存在的问题和不足进行了分析。分析认为在今后的研究中应注重耐强碱强酸和低成本膜材料的研制和开发,设计和研发适用于石化生产的可长期运行的膜组件,将真空膜蒸馏与其他先进技术相结合来提高生产效率和降低成本。     

反渗透膜法在污水回用上的应用

根据工程实例选用反渗透膜法进行污水脱盐处理,以降低石化污水中盐、有机物、微生物及电解质含量,反渗透装置的出水再送到离子交换系统,经过阴阳离子交换树脂进一步脱除水中的盐分,达到锅炉给水的水质标准,从而实现反渗透膜的工业应用。此外,本文还对两种化学水处理方式进行技术经济性分析,说明反渗透膜法在污水回用上具有一定的经济效益、...     

Study of an A/O Submerged Membrane Bioreactor for Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

A 55-day experimental study was conducted to investigate the treatment process of oil refinery wastewater using submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. The results showed that the removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) were stable and averaged 92%. The average removal rates for NH₃-N, oil, and turbidity were shown to be 93.7%, 75.3%, and 94.6%, respectively. The removal rates for total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS), suspended solids (SS), and phenol were shown to be greater than 98.5%, 97.9%, 93.8%, and 99.9%, respectively. This demonstrated that MBR technology had superior treatment effect on the above contaminants. During the 55-day operation, there was no trace of contamination on the membrane. This illustrated that the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet membrane manufactured by Toray Industries (Tokyo, Japan) had the ability to resist contamination.

     

膜生物反应器处理后的化纤污水回用循环水水质稳定技术的研究及应用

针对膜生物反应器处理后的化纤污水水质特点和化纤装置循环水系统工况条件,研究开发了污水回用循环水水质稳定技术。该技术采用杀菌剂和复合缓蚀阻垢剂,在某企业化纤装置循环水系统应用2年的结果表明：现场监测试管平均腐蚀速率为0.042 mm/a,平均黏附速率为133.20 mg/(cm2•a),均优于中国石油化工股份有限公司循环水考核指标,完全满足生产装置对循环水的要求,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

膜法处理炼化污水的研究

炼化污水是原油炼制、加工及油品水洗等过程中产生的一类废水,污染物的种类多、浓度高,对环境的危害大。本试验的目的是采用深度处理(膜法处理法)来处理公司各生产厂所排放的污水,作为回用锅炉补水和回用循环水。试验结果表明,废水通过本系统工艺的处理,COD、氨氮、石油类的去除率可达90%以上,而且后续的超滤装置能够有效地将悬浮物质量浓度降低到1mg/L以下,各项水质指标均能达到出水目标。     

石油化工企业周围环境中大气污染物的分布特征及源解析

测定了某石油化工企业厂界内及周围环境空气污染物质量浓度,分析了周围环境空气中各级颗粒物质量浓度的时空分布特征及特征污染物质量浓度之间的相关关系,并用主成分分析和因子分析进一步判断该石化企业是否为重要的污染物来源。结果表明,该石化企业环境空气中的颗粒物质量浓度分布呈现出在时间上（采暖期和非采暖期）、地域上（距离石化企业的远近）、气象条件影响下（主导风向的上下风向）的差异;环境空气中总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、可入肺颗粒物（PM25）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）的Pearson相关系数较大,且细颗粒物占比重较大,说明它们可能来源于该石化企业。通过对特征污染物进行主成分分析及因子分析判断,这些特征污染物来源于该石化企业的污水处理装置、芳烃装置,以及各无组织排放源。     

膜生物反应器处理废水技术研究进展

介绍了膜生物反应器(MBR)及其废水处理特点.阐述了影响膜生物反应器工艺运行的主要因素,包括有机负荷、膜固有性质及膜污染.综述了膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用现状,包括污水回用、工业废水处理、土地填埋场堆肥沥滤液处理.分析了膜生物反应器应用前景及研究方向.     

Integrated Submerged Membrane Bioreactor Anaerobic/Aerobic (ISMBR-A/O) for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal During Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from oil refinery wastewater using an integrated submerged membrane bioreactor anaerobic/aerobic (ISMBR-A/O) was investigated in this laboratory study. The objectives were to demonstrate suitability of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology to the treatment of refinery wastewater and its ability to achieve nitrogen and phosphorus removal effectively. IMBR-A/O comprised four reactor tanks: an influent tank, anaerobic tank, aerobic tank, and effluent tank. The IMBR-A/O was operated in cycles of four phases: fill, anaerobic, aerobic, and draw. During the fill phase, the influent tank was half-filled with oil refinery wastewater. During the subsequent anaerobic phase, most of the phosphorus release took place from the submerged biofilm in this reactor. In the aerobic phase, the wastewater was circulated by pumps between the influent tank and the anaerobic tank, resulting in denitrification at the start of the aerobic phase due to low oxygen concentrations, followed by nitrification and luxury uptake of phosphorus when oxygen concentrations increased. Ultimately, the treated water flowed from the effluent tank. The results show that the chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), oil, NH⁺ ₄-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were 91, 90, 91, 99, 80, and 66%, respectively.     

UBD菌降解炼油污水的石油类物质动力学研究

以典型条件下UBD菌降解上海石化炼油污水的实验数据为基础,并将生物处理法经典的Monod方程进行合理简化,得到了UBD菌降解石油类物质的动力学方程： ,其中 =0.25h-1, =37.06mg/L。由降解动力学参数可知,UBD菌对于炼油污水具有很强生物降解能力,炼油污水中的石油类物质相对于UBD菌已经不属于难降解的物质。     

采用同时硝化-反硝化工艺处理含氨废水

采用同时硝化-反硝化工艺处理石化工业含氨废水,实现了投资少、流程短、设备少、操作简便和脱氮效果稳定的目标。运行结果表明,采用同时硝化-反硝化工艺具有同步高效降解有机污染物和总氮的功能,CODC r平均去除率为89.3%、NH3-N去除率达99%以上。     

濮67块特低渗油藏注入水的水处理技术研究

濮城油田濮67块属特低渗油藏,对注入水的水质要求高。针对现有水处理技术不能满足其注入水要求的具体情况,提出了一种新型水处理技术——清洁生产资源化水处理技术。室内研究表明,采用该技术并适当调控污水pH值,结合精细过滤,可将濮一联含油污水处理为特低渗油藏用合格注入水。     

膜分离技术在石油化工领域的应用进展

将膜分离技术应用于石油、天然气开采和炼油化工生产过程,有望提高该行业的技术水平,大幅度降低能耗和物耗。与传统分离技术相比,膜分离技术具有操作简便、分离效率高、能耗低、环境友好等特点。综述了膜分离技术在石油化工生产相关的水处理、有机溶剂混合物分离、空气分离、天然气脱湿和脱除CO2等方面的应用,分析了膜分离技术的优缺点,并指出其发展前景。     

低透气性煤层减漏增透综合增抽技术

为了解决低透气性煤层的煤层气抽采难题,以山西王家岭煤矿2号低透气性煤层为例,首先对不同封孔长度下煤层气的抽采进行了数值模拟,然后进行抽采钻孔封孔工艺改进及CO_2相变爆破增透数值模拟,进而开展了综合增抽技术的现场试验。研究结果表明:①延长封孔长度可减少巷道中空气渗漏量,王家岭矿2号煤层抽采钻孔合理封孔长度为12 m;②增加封孔长度、采用固液耦合壁式封孔工艺可有效减少巷道漏风量,同时提高煤层气抽采浓度和抽采纯量;③CO_2相变爆破后钻孔壁大面积破损,并形成很多相互交织的爆生裂隙和开口较大的孔洞,距离爆破点3 m处的渗透率为初始渗透率的5倍,距离爆破点4 m处的渗透率为初始渗透率的1.6倍;④减漏增透综合增抽技术应用后,煤层气抽采纯量提高了200倍。结论认为,由增加封孔长度、固液耦合壁式封孔工艺、CO_2相变爆破增透所构成的煤层减漏增透综合增抽技术,可以有效地破解低透气性煤层煤层气抽采的难题,现场应用效果良好。     

Treatment of Phenol Wastewater Using High Gravity Electrochemical Reactor with Multi-concentric Cylindrical Electrodes

A novel high gravity electrochemical reactor with multi-concentric cylindrical electrodes was used in the electrochemical treatment of 5 000 mg/L phenol-containing wastewater at a petrochemical plant, which can operate continuously and process in a large scale. The results show that the high gravity technology used in electrochemical treatment of phenol-containing wastewater can shorten the electrolysis time, decrease the electrolysis voltage, and reduce the energy consumption. The COD removal efficiency was high in the high-gravity field, and reached up to about 48%, which was about 2 times the value achieved in the normal gravity field at a processing capacity of 6 L, a high gravity factor of 80, a voltage of 12 V, an electrolysis time of 40 min, and a wastewater flowrate of 80 L/h.     

A Novel Approach for Environmentally Friendly Production of Single Cell Protein From Petrochemical Wastewater Using a Halophilic Microorganism in Different Conditions

In this study, biodegradation of petrochemical wastewater and production of single cell protein from it as carbon source was investigated using several process parameters. The process parameters such as carbon source, type of phosphorus source, phosphorus source concentration, type of nitrogen source, nitrogen source concentration, and temperature were considered. In order to investigate the influence of process parameters, a factorial design using Taguchi method was applied with six factors at four levels. The optimum medium composition for single cell protein production was found to contain petrochemical wastewater 8%, peptone 0.2%, and K₂HPO₄ 0.008% at temperature 37°C. The percentage ratio of single cell protein to cell dry weight in optimal conditions was 76.4%. In conclusion, Haloarcula sp. IRU1 can degrade petrochemical wastewater and use it as carbon source for single cell protein production in different conditions.     

稠油污水膜污染生物控制技术研究

针对滨一站现有污水处理工艺存在的膜污染严重,稳定运行周期短的问题,在对污水水质和膜污染物分析基础上,确定了有机污染是造成膜污染的主要原因。针对稠油污水的特征污染物,采用限制性培养技术筛选了高效降解菌,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属和芽胞杆菌属。在现有工艺中增加生物处理单元,建立模拟流程,开展了长期运行实验。结果表明,生物处理使石油类质量浓度和COD值分别从11~20mg/L、216~350mg/L降至0.6~1.1mg/L、53~88mg/L。生物处理有效降解了稠油污水中的有机污染物,延缓了膜污染,膜通量损失率低于15%,膜面的微观形态观察也显示膜污染得到有效抑制。     

LoTOx烟气脱硝污水生物脱氮技术开发与应用

采用LoTOx臭氧氧化脱硝技术的催化裂化装置普遍存在伴生高氮、高盐污水问题,总氮含量严重超出环保限值且易冲击污水处理系统,因此开发成熟、经济、可实施的处理技术并付诸工业实践对相关企业具有指导和借鉴作用.在深入分析归纳污水水质的基础上,选择缺氧-好氧-好氧(AOO)三段生物滤池技术,验证了培养驯化耐盐微生物对污水反硝化处...     

泥页岩水化-力学耦合模拟实验装置与压力传递实验新技术

建立了压力传递实验技术以及泥页岩极低渗透率、半透膜效率计算模型,得到了压力传递技术测定泥页岩渗透率和半透膜效率的计算公式,研制了泥页岩水化-力学耦合模拟实验装置(SHM仪)。定量测定了泥页岩极低渗透率和泥页岩-水基钻井液体系半透膜效率,证明了极低渗透率泥页岩与水基钻井液之间存在半透膜效应,且半透膜效率与无机盐种类有关,泥页岩渗透率和半透膜效率可以通过物理-化学的方法得以改善。压力传递实验技术的建立为深入开展泥页岩井壁化学-力学耦合作用机理研究以及高效防塌水基钻井液体系的研制,提供了一种先进的实验研究手段。