高浓度变性淀粉生产废水的处理

高浓度变性淀粉生产废水经过混凝沉淀后采用膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器进行厌氧生物处理，最后再经活性污泥好氧处理，其出水水质可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准。     

常温EGSB去除有机物的性能与机理

将厌氧污泥膨胀床(EGSB)分别与厌氧生物滤池、好氧生物滤池和活性污泥法串联并用其处理城市污水,考察了EGSB在常温下的工艺性能和去除有机物的机理。结果表明,在常温和较短水力停留时间下,EGSB的厌氧生化过程主要停留在水解阶段,对有机物的去除主要以颗粒污泥的吸附、吸收作用为主;影响EGSB处理效果的主要因素有温度、上升流速、水力停留时间、进水浓度及容积负荷等。     

宿州市城南污水处理厂一期提标改造工程设计

介绍了宿州市城南污水处理厂一期提标改造工程技术路线及方案。结合污水厂运行现状,依据充分利用现状处理设施、施工期间不影响生产的原则,采用增加分点进水厌氧—好氧—缺氧活性污泥法(简称改良AOA工艺)的生物反应池,并增设过滤及消毒设施,确保出水水质稳定达标排放。该提标改造工程自建成投运以来,处理效果稳定,出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A排放标准。     

农村污水多反应区生物-生态组合工艺设计及应用

针对农村污水产生分散及水量水质波动大的特点，设计出多反应区生物-生态组合处理工艺，并在北京市某村庄进行了工程应用。工程设计处理规模为3.0 m³/d，工艺主体为多级生物接触+反硝化滤池+生态滤池。其中，多级生物接触单元采用厌氧接触、兼氧接触及好氧接触工艺，反硝化滤池单元采用后置反硝化接触工艺。运行结果表明，该工程出水指标满足《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》(GB/T 18921—2019)中景观湿地环境用水水质要求。该工程的直接运行费用为0.99元/m³，具有较好的经济性。     

果糖废水生物处理及中水回用工程

果糖废水具有pH值波动大、COD浓度高、波动大等特点。某食品企业产生的3 000m3/d果糖废水采用EGSB-活性污泥工艺处理,其中厌氧经历了驯化污泥、提高负荷及满负荷运行三个阶段成功启动,EGSB反应器负荷达到21 kgCOD/(m3·d)左右。活性污泥工艺在EGSB提高负荷阶段开始启动并随EGSB启动也随之稳定。生物处理启动后,出水部分进入中水回用系统,经过半个月的运行调节,回用系统出水水质达到回用要求。当系统稳定后,对COD、BOD5和SS去除率分别为98.5%、99.6%、96.5%,出水水质均达到或优于《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准;而进入中水回用处理系统经深度处理后,COD浓度<50 mg/L,SS去除率达到100%,实现回用。运行费用合计为1.81元/m3,经济效益较好。     

EGSB/ABR/接触氧化工艺处理多晶硅有机废水

多晶硅生产废水含有多晶硅切割液中的聚乙二醇、较多悬浮物和胶体物质,具有COD浓度高、可生化性差的特点,采用混凝沉淀/EGSB/ABR/接触氧化工艺处理,结果表明,多级厌氧好氧组合工艺生化降解效果好,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的三级标准,系统运行稳定、可靠。     

宿迁市城东污水处理厂提标改造工程设计

介绍了宿迁市城东污水处理厂提标改造工程技术路线及方案。结合污水厂现有服务范围和实测进、出水水质及现有设施的运行情况,遵循充分利用现状处理设施、施工期间不影响生产的原则,经充分技术经济论证和方案比选,最终采用将污水厂现有三沟式氧化沟改造为分点进水厌氧、缺氧—好氧活性污泥法(简称改良AAO工艺)生物反应池的方案,并增设二沉池、过滤及消毒设施,确保出水水质稳定达标排放。该提标改造工程自建成投运以来,处理效果稳定,出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。     

厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺处理印染废水

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧生物工艺处理印染废水,运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）的一级标准.     

制药废水处理系统设计

对陕西某制药企业原有废水处理系统进行了改进设计,改进的系统主要采用A(缺氧)/O(好氧)工艺。其中厌氧采用IC内循环厌氧反应器,好氧采用活性污泥法(CASS),物化处理采用加药中和、絮凝沉淀等。处理后废水出水水质符合《污水综合排放标准》GB8978-1996中的一级排放标准。     

两段活性污泥法处理炼油废水的工艺研究

分析了两段活性污泥工艺处理炼油废水存在的问题,提出以水解—好氧生物膜法代替原来的一曝池,并采用活性污泥作为二级好氧处理的新工艺．实验表明,该法处理炼油废水的出水水质稳定,经 10h的停留时间,出水COD<100mg/L,NH3-N<10mg/L.     

Investigation of the sludge reduction mechanism in the anaerobic side-stream reactor process using several control biological wastewater treatment processes

To investigate the mechanism of sludge reduction in the anaerobic side-stream reactor (SSR) process, activated sludge with five different sludge reduction schemes were studied side-by-side in the laboratory. These are activated sludge with: 1) aerobic SSR, 2) anaerobic SSR, 3) aerobic digester, 4) anaerobic digester, and 5) no sludge wastage. The system with anaerobic SSR (system #2) was the focus of this study and four other systems served as control processes with different functions and purposes. Both mathematical and experimental approaches were made to determine solids retention time (SRT) and sludge yield for the anaerobic SSR process. The results showed that the anaerobic SSR process produced the lowest solids generation, indicating that sludge organic fractions degraded in this system are larger than other systems that possess only aerobic or anaerobic mode. Among three systems that involved long SRT (system #1, #2, and #5), it was only system #2 that showed stable sludge settling and effluent quality, indicating that efficient sludge reduction in this process occurred along with continuous generation of normal sludge flocs. This observation was further supported by batch anaerobic and aerobic digestion data. Batch digestion on sludges collected after 109 days of operation clearly demonstrated that both anaerobically and aerobically digestible materials were removed in activated sludge with anaerobic SSR. In contrast, sludge reduction in the aerobic SSR process or no wastage system was achieved by removal of mainly aerobically digestible materials. All these results led us to conclude that repeating sludge under both feast/fasting and anaerobic/aerobic conditions (i.e., activated sludge with anaerobic SSR) is necessary to achieve the highest biological solids reduction with normal wastewater treatment performance.     

废纸造纸废水处理“零排放”工程实例

采用内循环厌氧反应器/好氧活性污泥法处理废纸造纸废水,处理出水水质达到企业生产的回用水水质要求,实现了"零排放".工程投产后不仅节约了水资源,而且为企业创造了一定的经济效益.     

用厌氧产氢反应器出水培养好氧颗粒污泥的研究

以厌氧产氢反应器出水为底物，在序批式反应器中研究了好氧颗粒污泥的培养过程。结果表明，以厌氧产氢反应器出水为底物，在60d内能够培养出粒径大、沉降性能优异且对污染物去除能力强的好氧颗粒污泥。在活性污泥的颗粒化过程中，伴随着污泥体积指数的减小。污泥的粒径和沉速增大，反应器内的污泥浓度增加，从而提高了反应器的处理效能。     

EGSB/生物接触氧化/BAF工艺处理葡萄糖生产废水

采用“EGSB-生物接触氧化-BAF”联合工艺处理葡萄糖生产废水，着重研究了pH值和容积负荷对EGSB反应器去除效果的影响。结果表明，以厌氧颗粒污泥作为EGSB的接种污泥，30d左右便可完成启动，且能形成灰黑色和黑色颗粒污泥；采用出水回流和人为投加碱性物质可以增强系统的缓冲能力，有效缓解系统酸碱平衡失调。当进水COD为3000～4000mg／L、SS为800～1000mg,／L、NH3-N为15～20mg／L时，采用该联合工艺处理后，对COD、SS和NH3-N的平均去除率分别达98％、92％和78％，处理效果好而且稳定。     

污泥调理废水的特性及其处理工艺

采用离子色谱法及化学分析法分析了污泥调理废水的水质特性,在氨吹脱及混凝试验的基础上开展了氨吹脱—厌氧—SBR工艺处理该废水的研究。结果表明,污泥调理废水是一种高浓度含氮有机废水,其中有机污染物主要以溶解态存在,不宜采用混凝处理。该废水具有较好的生物可降解性能,当HRT为24h、进水COD为8658.7~9650.3mg/L时,厌氧对COD的去除率可达62.1%,厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR对COD、氨氮的去除率分别为92.1%、88.4%。动态运行结果显示,氨吹脱—厌氧—SBR工艺对该废水水质具有良好的适应性,处理出水水质能稳定地达到GB8978—1996的二级标准。     

短好氧泥龄下A2/O和BAF联合工艺的脱氮除磷特性

采用小试装置,研究了短好氧污泥龄下A2/O和BAF联合工艺处理低C/N和C/P污水时的脱氮除磷特性.结果表明,通过提高A2/O工艺段的厌氧区有机负荷和缺氧区硝酸盐负荷对反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）进行选择和强化后,其在聚磷菌（PAOs）中的比例维持在28%左右,工艺具有部分反硝化除磷能力,能够减少脱氮除磷过程中对碳源的总需求量.但在联合工艺中,好氧除磷仍是主要的除磷方式.在A2/O工艺段内,好氧污泥龄在满足好氧PAOs存活的同时,还必须满足抑制硝化细菌生长的要求,且为了保证工艺对磷的整体去除效果,混合液在好氧区的接触时间须大于30 min.此外,以保证缺氧区出水中含有1～4 mg/L的硝态氮为原则来控制BAF出水的回流量,可达到较好的脱氮除磷效果.该联合工艺结合了活性污泥工艺和生物膜工艺的优点,运行稳定,出水水质优良,不仅适合于新建污水处理厂,也特别适合于不能脱氮除磷污水处理厂的技术改造.     

间歇循环活性污泥-MBR工艺的脱氮除磷特性

提出了一种新型的间歇循环活性污泥-膜生物反应器（ICAS-MBR）工艺,并应用其对传统的活性污泥工艺进行改造以强化氮、磷的去除并使出水能够回用.该工艺通过控制活性污泥混合液在曝气室、搅拌室之间进行间歇式循环,使微生物种群在时空上依次经历缺氧、厌氧、好氧阶段,从而达到强化脱氮除磷的目的.考察了ICAS-MBR工艺对生活污水中污染物的去除特性,在6个月的运行期间,对COD、TN、TP、NH4＋-N的平均去除率分别为93%、70.6%、86%、96%,出水浊度＜1 NTU,细菌总数＜100 CFU/mL,且具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力.     

Fate of pathogens in thermophilic aerobic sludge digestion

The effect of autoheated aerobic thermophilic digestion on the pathogen content of sewage sludges was studied and compared to that of conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Both systems were full scale, continuously-fed facilities operated in parallel and utilized a feed sludge of thickened primary and waste-activated sludge.The relative populations of viruses, Salmonella sp., total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and parasites found before and after digestion were compared. The full scale mesophilic anaerobic digesters were operated at relatively constant conditions, i.e. digester temperature constant at 35°C, and loading rates constant, etc., while the full scale autoheated aerobic digester was operated under a wide range of loading conditions. At all of the conditions studied, the autoheated digester temperature exceeded 45 C. Virus and Salmonella sp. concentrations in the effluent from the aerobic unit were below detectable limits in 10 of 11 samples and 6 of 6 samples, respectively, whereas the anaerobic digester effluent contained detectable numbers of viruses and Salmonella sp. Bacterial indicator counts and parasite concentrations were less in the autoheated digester effluent than in the effluent from the anaerobic digester. It was concluded that the simple autoheated aerobic digestion process could be used to produce a virtually pathogen-free sludge at a cost comparable to that of conventional, mesophilic anaerobic digestion.     

Biotransformation of arsenic species by activated sludge and removal of bio-oxidised arsenate from wastewater by coagulation with ferric chloride

The potential of activated sludge to catalyse bio-oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)] and bio-reduction of As(V) to As(III) was investigated. In batch experiments (pH 7, 25 degrees C) using activated sludge taken from a treatment plant receiving municipal wastewater non-contaminated with As, As(III) and As(V) were rapidly biotransformed to As(V) under aerobic condition and As(III) under anaerobic one without acclimatisation, respectively. Sub-culture of the activated sludge using a minimal liquid medium containing 100mg As(III)/L and no organic carbon source showed that aerobic arsenic-resistant bacteria were present in the activated sludge and one of the isolated bacteria was able to chemoautotrophically oxidise As(III) to As(V). Analysis of arsenic species in a full-scale oxidation ditch plant receiving As-contaminated wastewater revealed that both As(III) and As(V) were present in the influent, As(III) was almost completely oxidised to As(V) after supply of oxygen by the aerator in the oxidation ditch, As(V) oxidised was reduced to As(III) in the anaerobic zone in the ditch and in the return sludge pipe, and As(V) was the dominant species in the effluent. Furthermore, co-precipitation of As(V) bio-oxidised by activated sludge in the plant with ferric hydroxide was assessed by jar tests. It was shown that the addition of ferric chloride to mixed liquor as well as effluent achieved high removal efficiencies (>95%) of As and could decrease the residual total As concentrations in the supernatant from about 200 microg/L to less than 5 microg/L. It was concluded that a treatment process combining bio-oxidation with activated sludge and coagulation with ferric chloride could be applied as an alternative technology to treat As-contaminated wastewater.