我国城镇污泥处理处置产业化现状、发展及激励政策需求

当前我国城镇污泥处理处置市场需求十分巨大,但存在引领性处理工艺缺乏、激励政策不到位、污泥处置率低、处理设备良莠不齐等问题。针对我国污泥处理处置行业中存在的问题,从污泥处理处置技术革新、行业的发展模式创新以及污泥处理处置设备的更新等方面出发,提出了污泥处理处置产业化的发展方向;基于我国已有的污泥处理处置产业发展的相关政策,提出了适合我国污泥处理处置行业发展的相关激励政策。     

污泥处理处置研究进展

污泥处理与处置是污水处理的重要组成部分。我国早期的污水处理厂尽可能的简化或忽略污泥处理处置单元,甚至闲置处理设施,致使中国目前的污泥处理处置处于严重滞后状态。针对污泥的二次污染问题,分别从污泥的稳定化、减量化、无害化及资源化四个方面,对近几年国内外污泥处理处置及综合利用的方法进行了概述,最后结合国内污泥处理处置实际状况,指出我国污泥研究亟待解决的问题及发展方向,并提出了相应对策     

我国污泥处理处置技术研究进展

污泥是污水处理的副产物，具有污染和资源的双重性，长期以来的重水轻泥思想致使污泥的安全处理处置成为了我国污水处理事业发展的短板。对我国污泥处理处置相关政策进行了解读，详细介绍了厌氧消化、好氧堆肥、干化焚烧和深度脱水等4条主流污泥处理处置技术路线及其应用情况，分析了干式炭化(热解炭化)、湿式炭化(水热炭化)、碳排放、区域污泥处理处置路线等研究热点。“双碳”目标的提出推动了污泥处理处置行业的高质量发展，未来应通过碳排放指标对污泥处理处置技术路线的碳排放水平进行量化评估，以推动污泥处理处置朝着绿色、低碳、可持续的方向发展。各地区应根据自身发展需求和污水污泥成分，综合考虑匹配、衔接、成本等因素，选择合适的污泥处置处理方法。     

东莞市城市污泥处理处置技术探讨

在调研的基础上,阐述了东莞市污泥处理处置的现状以及存在的问题,比较了多种污泥处理处置技术,分析了多种污泥处置技术方案的可行性。建议采用污泥高干深度脱水＋生物干化＋烧制水泥工艺和污泥脱水制粉工艺做为东莞市污泥处置技术方案。     

城市污水污泥现状及未来的发展

大量剩余污泥已经成为了水处理发展的难题。我国污泥产量呈现着逐年递升的趋势,但是对于污泥处理与处置并没有与之协调发展。虽然一些污泥的处理处置方案已经在我国得以应用。但是这些工艺均是借鉴国外经验。由于我国污泥的性质和对于污泥的要求与国外存在差异,这就需要我们发展符合我国国情的污泥处理处置方案来解决污泥问题。本文综述了生活污水污泥处理处置的现状及对于我国污泥未来发展的思考,为污泥的处理处置的进一步发展提供基础。     

北京市政污泥产排特征及处置利用发展历程的研究

对北京市政污泥的定义、属性进行阐述,分析了北京市市政污泥的产排特性,研究了对北京市政污泥的处理处置利用发展历程。结果表明,北京市政污泥处理处置利用发展历程主要包括3个阶段,第1阶段在1999年以前,为初始发展阶段,开始了污泥的干化和制肥;第2阶段为1999～2012年,为污泥处置利用的缓慢发展阶段,建立了污泥处理的示范工厂,采用了各种干化技术与焚烧处理模式;第3阶段为2012年至今,确立了中心城区污泥处理技术为热水解→高级厌氧消化,处置方式以土地利用为主,形成了典型高安屯污泥处理模式。结合北京市政污泥处理现状,梳理了北京污泥处理的相关政策和技术标准,介绍了北京市政污泥处置低碳绿色转型的新进展,为市政污泥的处理处置提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

浅谈我国城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状

随着我国城镇污水排放量的增加和污水处理能力的提高,污水处理过程中产生的污泥量急剧增加。如何对产量巨大且成分复杂的污泥进行合理处理处置已成为亟待解决的问题。文章分析了目前国内污泥处理处置的现状,综述了污泥处理处置的技术和存在的问题,为优化污泥处理处置技术路线,实现污泥的稳定化、无害化、减量化和资源化提供依据。     

城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置设备评价标准体系

国内污泥处理处置设备市场存在着设备分类不系统、生产标准不全面、规范不具体等问题,探求一种科学性强、行之有效的污泥设备评价标准体系来规范污泥处理处置设备市场是非常迫切的。该文论述了建立污泥处理处置设备评价技术标准体系的必要性和紧迫性,提出以评价标准体系作为规范污泥处理处置设备市场准入和引领先进的依据,进而为我国污泥处理处置设备产业化发展提供技术支撑。     

城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置的技术分析

简要介绍了城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术,提出污泥产业发展的建议,指出土地利用是符合我国国情的污泥处置的方向之一。合理确定污水处理厂污泥处理处置,政府在污泥产业发展中发挥着较为重要的作用。     

浅谈污泥处理处置工艺

随着经济的发展,污泥产量的急剧增加,污泥问题已经成为我国急需解决的环境问题。如何有效、经济地实现污泥处理处置已经成为了一个无法回避的问题。文章阐述了几种常见的污泥处理处置工艺,旨在为污泥处理处置减量化、稳定化、无害化、资源化提供一定参考价值。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。