采用替代工质的空气源热泵性能试验研究

测试了热泵系统在典型空调工况下采用R22的替代工质R134a,R404A,R407C时的制热量、功耗和COP。结果表明R407C的性能与R22比较接近,是R22比较理想的替代工质。     

中高温热泵系统循环工质的研究

为提高中高温热泵系统的性能,对R22/R236ea和R22/R236ea/R141b两种非共沸混合工质进行了多工况的理论计算与实验测试,结果显示采用后一种工质的系统性能优于采用前一种工质的系统,后一种工质完全可以满足中高温热泵系统的需求。     

R134a/R245fa对比R245fa高温热泵循环性能实验研究

利用螺杆式高温热泵实验台,以混合工质R134a/R245fa(质量比3∶7)和纯工质R245fa为研究对象,实验研究了两种工质在高温工况下的循环性能,并进行对比分析.结果表明,混合工质R134a/R245fa的制热量比同工况下R245fa机组高27.6%～44.3%,COP值比同工况下R245fa机组低14.3%～22.8%.当冷凝器出水温度为99.8℃时,混合工质R134a/R245fa的冷凝压力为2.12 MPa,排气温度为114.2℃,均处在机组安全范围之内.而R245fa因具有更低的冷凝压力和排气温度,可作为冷凝器更高出水温度时的热泵工质.     

集中供暖用地热高温热泵工质研究

介绍了集中供暖用地热热泵的应用工况及使用要求，分析了潜在的高温工质包括纯质和混合物的性能特性，给出了高温热泵工质的筛选原则，实验研究了混合工质R22／R141b在不同配比下的性能特性。     

三元混合工质在变浓度空气源热泵中的应用

简要回顾了国内外变浓度（容量）热泵系统中混合工质的研究进展,结合理论和试验结果,提出了在变浓度空气源热泵系统中使用三元混合工质的概念,并与二元混合工质进行了比较。通过数值模拟优选出具有较大潜力的R32／R125／R227ea,R32／R143a／R22Tea,R32／R143a／R134a和R32／R125／R134a三元非共沸混合工质,分析了它们在变浓度热泵系统中的运行特性,结果表明,它们在满足热泵变浓度容量调节方面具有较大潜力,是替代R22的理想工质,其中首推R32／R125／R227ea。     

非共沸混合工质R134a/R245fa温度滑移研究

基于筛选出的混合工质R134a/R245fa,利用REFPROP软件计算其同一工况下换热器两相区内相变过程焓变斜率与两相区长度上混合工质的温度滑移。对比相变过程中传热温差最大、最小点的产生条件,精确换热器中混合工质传热温差的变化,为保持热泵系统的良好运行提供一定的理论依据。     

热泵热水器中R1234ze(E)/R32替代R22的可行性分析

本文分析了R1234ze(E)/R32混合工质的环保及安全特性、溶油性、温度滑移和饱和蒸气压力特性,对不同配比R1234ze(E)/R32混合工质在热泵热水器系统中的循环性能进行了理论分析,并与R22进行比较。结果表明:R1234ze(E)/R32混合制冷剂对环境影响较小,可燃性低,具有与R22相似的饱和蒸气压力曲线;可在较大配比范围实现对R22的替代,且存在最优质量配比(45/55),对应的COP_h达到4.744,较R22系统提高了8.81%,单位质量制热量和单位容积制热量分别增加了3.59%和27.59%,压比和排气温度均减小,但冷凝压力略有升高。     

燃气机热泵系统工质的分析与选择

在天然气驱动热泵系统具有高热力学完善性的基础上,从环境保护的角度讨论了工质的选择,通过CSD方程计算了各工质的状态参数。以供热性能系数和一次能源利用率为标准,选出了R290和R600a的混合工质。     

R32/R1233zd(E)热泵系统的热力学分析

R1233zd(E)是一种环保、无毒、不可燃的新型制冷剂,本文将R32与R1233zd(E)混合用于替代热泵热水器传统制冷剂R22。在热泵热水器名义工况下,基于换热器中传热窄点温差的限制,对R32/R1233zd(E)二元混合制冷剂在不同质量配比下热泵循环系统的热力学特性进行计算分析。结果表明,相同工作条件下,混合工质在计算配比范围内COPh均大于R22系统,并存在两个峰值,分别对应于质量配比分别为90/10和46/54,R32/R1233zd(E)的最优质量配比为90/10。在最优配比下,系统制热系数COPh值为4.793分别比纯质制冷剂R22、R32系统的COPh增加10.2%、6.6%。新型混合制冷剂R32/R1233zd(E)很有潜力成为新的热泵替代制冷剂。     

非共沸混合工质蒸发过程中的传热温差探讨

为了解在空调工况的蒸发温度下,非共沸混合工质在蒸发器中的沿程温度分布变化以及这些变化导致传热不可逆熵增的改变状况,建立了蒸发器稳态模型,并以混合工质R401A和R409A为例进行了理论计算及结果分析,得到这两种混合工质在换热器中最小和最大传热温差的位置,以及由于温差改变导致的不可逆熵增的变化情况。     

Performance of a new refrigeration cycle using refrigerant mixture R32/R134a for residential air-conditioner applications

In this paper, a new refrigeration cycle (NRC) using the binary non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture R32/R134a is presented, which can be an alternative refrigeration cycle applied in residential air-conditioner. In the NRC, refrigerant circuit of the evaporator is separated into two branches. Because the non-azeotropic mixture has the characteristic of temperature glide, an important benefit of such configuration is that the Lorentz cycle can be realized. Compared with that of conventional cycle configuration, the new cycle efficiency can be improved. The calculating results show that, in the conventional refrigeration cycle (CRC), the mixture R32/R134a has a close performance to that is obtainable with pure refrigerant R22. However, the mixture R32/R134a in the NRC will result in a better performance. The maximal COP can be improved in a range of 8–9% over that of the CRC, and the volumetric refrigerating capacity can be approximately increased by 9.5%.     

HFC类工质的可燃性分析

对替代CFC工质的HFC工质R134a、R32、R152a以及3种不同质量分数配比的R32／R134a进行了可燃性试验研究,有源可燃工质R134a、R32及R32／R134a可作为热泵制冷剂。     

Application of a closed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves (CLOHP/CV) on performance enhancement in air conditioning system

The objective of this paper was to study the application and working fluid type of a closed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves on energy consumption in split type air conditioning system. In the experiment, the CLOHP/CV was fabricated from the copper tube with the diameter of 2.03 mm. In the usual range of 20-27 °C indoor design temperature and 50% relative humidity. R134a, R22 and R502 refrigerant was used as working fluid in the CLOHP/CV set for this study. In comparison of the type with a conventional air conditioning system and that with the CLOHP/CV air conditioning system, the results have shown that; the new cooling load had increased 3.6%, the latter gave the highest value of 14.9%, 17.6% for COP and EER, respectively. The highest value of heat flux was 5.19 kW/m² with R134a was used as the working fluid, at overall operating temperature. The results of this study are expected to guideline as they improve the performance of the air conditioning system in buildings, which reduce its energy consumption.     

空调热回收热虹吸管换热器工质的试验研究

针对热虹吸管挟热器样机R22和R32两种工质,做了对比试验研究,得到了不同工况下热虹吸管换热器的温度效率,比较分析表明,模拟计算的模型能够较好地反映热虹吸管换热器的能量回收性能,同时试验分析也验证热虹吸管换热器新型工质R32的性能。     

Use of nanoparticles to make mineral oil lubricants feasible for use in a residential air conditioner employing hydro-fluorocarbons refrigerants

The application of nano-fluids in refrigerating systems is considered to be a potential way to improve the energy efficiency and reliability of HVAC&R facilities and to make economic the use of environment-friendly refrigerants. In this paper, we report a method that uses nanoparticles to enhance the energy efficiency of retrofitted residential air conditioners (RAC) employing HFCs as alternative refrigerants. The reliability and performance of RAC with nanoparticles in the working fluid have been investigated experimentally. A new mineral-based nano-refrigeration oil (MNRO), formed by blending some nanoparticles (NiFe₂O₄) into naphthene based oil B32, was employed in the RAC using R410a as refrigerant. A method showing how to disperse the NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the mineral oil refrigeration lubricants is presented together with an investigation of their stability. The solubilities of the new MNRO in R134a, R407C, R410a and R425a were measured. The performances of the RAC, such as the cooling/heating capacity, the power input and the energy efficiency ratio, were determined. The results indicate that the mixture of R410a/MNRO works normally in the RAC. The cooling/heating EER of the RAC increased about 6% by replacing the Polyol-Easter oil VG 32 lubricant with MNRO.     

环保型空调器的研究与试验

选择对臭氧层无破坏作用的Ｒ３２／Ｒ１３４ａ混合工质作为家用空调器工质Ｒ２２的替代物，对其与润滑油的相溶性，可燃性等进行了实验研究，并对使用这种工质的压缩机，空调器进行了实验。     

替换R290的热泵型空调器供暖实验研究

为探讨热泵型空调器更换R290后的供暖特性,在重庆地区开展了供暖工况下充注R290空调器与原R22空调器的对比实验,测试了空调器的送回风温湿度、耗电量、风量等数据。研究了两组空调器的送回风温湿度差异及与室外温度变化的关系,比较了2台空调供热量、耗电功率及COP等数据。结果表明:在重庆地区热泵型空调中替代充注R290后,空调器制热效果良好,室内空气温湿度与原空调器处理的空气温湿度较为接近;但由于制冷剂质量流量减小,平均供热量降低14.6%;尽管COP整体降低了7.5%,但在运行稳定后COP能接近原空调器。     

A thermodynamic analysis of a transcritical cycle with refrigerant mixture R32/R290 for a small heat pump water heater

In this study, a thermodynamic analysis on the performance of a transcritical cycle using azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R32/R290 with mass fraction of 70/30 has been performed. The main purpose of this study is to theoretically verify the possibility of applying the chosen refrigerant mixture in small heat pumps for high temperature water heating applications. Performance evaluation has been carried out for a simple azeotropic mixture R32/R290 transcritical cycle by varying evaporator temperature, outlet temperature of gas cooler and compressor discharge pressure. Furthermore, the effects of an internal heat exchanger on the transcritical R32/R290 cycle have been presented at different operating conditions. The results show that high heating coefficient of performance (COP_h) and volumetric heating capacity can be achieved by using this transcritical cycle. It is desirable to apply the chosen refrigerant mixture R32/R290 in small heat pump water heater for high temperature water heating applications, which may produce hot water with temperature up to 90 °C.     

Improvement of solar-electric compression refrigeration system through ejector-assisted vapour compression chiller for space conditioning in subtropical climate

In this study, improvement was made for the solar-electric compression refrigeration system by incorporating the ejector design to a conventional vapour compression chiller within the system. Through year-round dynamic simulation, the performances of the ejector-assisted vapour compression chiller (EAVCC) were evaluated under the intermittent and changing supply of solar energy in the subtropical climate. In addition, the effect of three common refrigerants, R22, R134a and R410A on the EAVCC was assessed and compared. It was found that the coefficient of performance of the chiller was increased and the total primary energy consumption of the system was decreased for all the three refrigerants, in which the degree of enhancement from R134a was the most significant. It was also noted that the effect of R410A on EAVCC was not apparent, and the overall system energy improvement was marginal. With appropriate ejector design and refrigerant selection of the solar-electric compression refrigeration system, the reduction potential of year-round primary energy consumption could be more than 5%. This would be certainly helpful in promoting the application of solar air-conditioning for building use in the subtropical climate.