超临界流体沉析制备微细颗粒的技术及其应用

快速膨胀超临界流体溶液（ＲＥＳＳ）过程和以超临界流体为稀释膨胀剂（ＧＡＳ）过程是制备微细颗粒的新技术。本文着重分析了用ＲＥＳＳ和ＧＡＳ过程制备微细颗粒的特点及影响因素，介绍了在高分子聚合物、无机盐、陶瓷材料、有机物、药物及含能材料方面的应用，提出超临界流体沉淀技术将成为制备特殊细颗粒材料、超薄膜及提纯热敏性、易氧化物质的有效手段。     

超临界流体在化工环境保护中的应用

本文论述了超临界流体特别是超临界水在化工环境保护中的应用。分析了超临界流体的特性,介绍了国内外超临界流体降解废弃塑料的工艺和进展,以及超临界水氧化技术（ＳＣＷＯ）在废水和污泥处理中的广泛应用。指出超临界流体技术是环境友好化学的发展趋势,提出我国应大力加强该领域的研究。     

超临界流体技术在医药工业中的应用：（Ⅱ）生物药物的提纯,干燥与造粒

本文较系统地介绍了超临界流体技术在医药工业中的应用研究，并重点描述了ＧＡＳ过程和ＲＥＳＳ过程的特征、实验装置及在医药工业中的应用情况。     

超临界流体干燥技术在纳米粉体制备中的应用

由于纳米粒子的表面效应，用传统的干燥方法干燥纳米粉体时极可能产生团聚结构。超临界流体干燥技术是制备具有高比表面积、孔体积、较低密度和低热导率的块状气凝胶和纳米粉体的重要途径之一。介绍了超临界流体的性质、超临界流体干燥技术的研究进展、超临界流体干燥的工艺与设备及过程的影响因素，阐述了超临界流体干燥技术在纳米材料制备中的应用，并指出了超临界流体干燥过程的控制技术及注意点，为进一步加强超临界流体干燥技术的理论研究和拓展超临界流体干燥技术的应用领域奠定了基础。     

超临界流体GAS重结晶过程的过饱和度与产品的颗粒形态

超临界流体ＧＡＳ重结晶过程的过饱和度与产品的颗粒形态蔡建国周展云（华东理工大学化学工程研究所，上海２００２３７）关键词超临界流体重结晶颗粒形态微细颗粒胆红素二甲基亚砜１前言超临界流体重结晶是近十年发展起来的有关超临界流体应用的新技术［１］。超临界流...     

超临界CO2从烟草中提取天然烟碱

１前言超临界流体萃取技术（ＳＣＦ）是利用流体在超临界状态下萃取出物质内部的精华。ＳＣＦ和一些传统的分离方法相比具有许多独特的优点：（１）超临界流体的萃取能力取决于流体密度,因而很容易通过调节温度和压力来加以控制;（２）溶剂回收简单方便,节省能源。通过...     

超临界流体结晶技术及其应用研究

超临界流体结晶技术是一种新的发展前景很好的超细颗粒制备技术。本文论述了它的特点和结晶过程的两个重要路线；超临界流体快速膨胀结晶法，超临界流体抗溶剂结晶法。同时综述了近年来超临界流体结晶技术的应用研究情况，指出了该技术存在的问题和应用前景。     

超临界流体萃取

超临界流体萃取秦正龙（徐州师范学院化学系，２２１００９）超临界流体萃取（ＳＦＥ）是一种处于开发阶段的新的化工分离过程，是利用超临界流体（ＳＣＦ）在临界点附近具有的特殊性而达到分离的目的。与蒸馏和液体萃取相比，具有能耗低、萃取速度快、萃取质量优等特点。...     

绿色产业超临界技术最新研究进展-在化学反应工程中的应用

超临界流体技术具有许多传统技术所没有的快速、高效、低能耗、污染少等优点，而且超临界流体无毒，不燃，不污染环境，可以设计实现许多新型、高效的绿色化工过程。介绍了超临界流体的密度、粘度、扩散系数等物理化学性质及其对化学反应的影响。重点论述了超临界水的性质、超临界流体在化学反应工程研究中的应用和由超临界流体实现的绿色化工过程。     

超临界萃取技术及其应用

回顾了超临界流体（SCF）的研究历史,介绍了超临界流体的特性,分析了一元和三元体系的高压相图,简述了超临界流体萃取技术的原理、萃取过程和技术特点,并举例说明了CO2超临界流体在天然药物成分提取中的应用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。