微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定银精矿中铅锌铜砷锑铋镉

采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸并采用微波消解处理样品,高氯酸冒烟至尽干,加盐酸溶解盐类,选择Pb 220.353nm、Zn 206.200nm、Cu 327.393/Cu 324.752nm、As 193.696nm、Sb 206.836nm、Bi 190.171nm、Cd 214.440nm/Cd 226.502nm为分析谱线,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉,从而建立了银精矿中铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉等杂质元素的分析方法。铅、锌、锑在0.50%~5.00%,铜、铋在0.10%~5.00%,砷在0.10%~3.00%,镉在0.050%~0.50%范围内校准曲线呈线性,线性相关系数r均大于0.9999。方法中各元素的检出限为0.001%~0.014%。实验方法用于测定两个银精矿样品中铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.74%~2.9%,并与相应的国标方法测定值相吻合(其中铅和锌采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(YS/T 445.9—2001),铜采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(YS/T 445.2—2001),砷和铋采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(YS/T 445.3—2001),锑参照采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(YS/T 445.3—2001),镉采用原子吸收光谱法(YS/T 445.8—2001))。按照实验方法测定两个银精矿样品中铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉,并进行加标回收试验,回收率为96%~105%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锌精矿及焙砂中10种杂质元素

试验了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锌精矿及焙砂中铅、锑、砷、铜、镉、铁、钴、镍、银、铟10种杂质元素的方法,确立了最佳工作条件。样品用王水溶解,为防止锑的挥发,加入酒石酸作为络合剂。采用基体匹配方法消除基体干扰。标准加入回收率在95%~103%之间,相对标准偏差为0.5%~5.9%,应用于锌精矿及焙砂中杂质元质的测定,测定结果与化学法相符。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定光致发光材料钼酸钙中19种微量杂质元素

准确、快速地测定光致发光材料钼酸钙中钨、钒、铜、锰、镍、铁、锡、锑、镁、镉、铝、铅、铋、铬、砷、钛、钴、钡、硅等19种微量杂质元素,对光致发光材料钼酸钙的质量判定有重要意义。选择过氧化氢-盐酸溶解体系对样品进行前处理;采用钼基体匹配法消除基体效应对测定的影响;通过选择合适的谱线消除光谱干扰;使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定光致发光材料钼酸钙中上述19种微量杂质元素。方法中各待测元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999 0;方法中各元素检出限为0.2~4.4 μg/g。按照实验方法测定光致发光材料钼酸钙中钨、钒、铜、锰、镍、铁、锡、锑、镁、镉、铝、铅、铋、铬、砷、钛、钴、钡、硅,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为0.61%～6.8%;加标回收率为95%～105%。按照实验方法测定实验室内控样品,测定结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定结果一致。     

钼精矿、钼焙砂中钴、镍、镁、铜、钙的连续测定

在硝酸-高氯酸介质中，采用原子吸收光谱法连续测定钼精矿、钼焙砂中杂质元素。在选定的最佳工作条件下测定钴、镍、镁、铜、钙，回收率为95．0-106．4％，相对偏差为1.3-5.8％。该法准确、快速、简便，应用于钼精矿、钼焙砂中钴、镍、镁、铜、钙的测定，结果满意。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铅精矿中的铜、铋、锌、砷、铝、镁和锑量

建立了用电感耦合等离子体法快速测定铅精矿中的铜、铋、锌、砷、铝、镁和锑含量的分析方法。试样用王水溶解,在稀硝酸和酒石酸介质中,确定了最佳工作条件,选择了各元素的最佳分析谱线。试验结果表明,方法中各元素的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,方法检出限0.05μg/m L,各元素的相对标准偏差在0.441%~8.35%之间,加标回收率在94.8%~107.9%。运用此方法同时测定铅精矿样品中的铜、铋、锌、砷、铝、镁和锑含量,结果与理论值一致。     

ICP-AES法测定钼精矿中杂质元素研究

研究建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定钼精矿样品中砷、锑、铋、镍、镉、钴、铜、铅、锡、钨、钙共11种主要共存元素的新方法。结果表明,试样用硝酸、盐酸溶解,在稀盐酸介质中,在仪器最佳测试参数下,本方法检出限在0.000 2～0.04μg/mL,回收率为95.0%～101.2%,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.6%～5.0%。方法准确、快速、简便,可用于钼精矿中11种共存元素的测定,结果满意。     

应用空心阴极光源直接分析纯镍和镍钨合金中的微量元素

纯镍中微量杂质的光谱分析方法有粉末法和丸子法.丸子法分析纯镍中砷、锑、铅、铋、锡、镉、锌、铜、锰、镁、铝、硅、钴、铁等十四个元素,不论分析灵敏度、准确度、都比较令人满意,因而获得了广泛应用.但丸子法的试样耗费量较大(一个丸子重0.5克),操作手续较繁.为此,本文在利用空心阴极光源测定高温合金中微量杂质的基础上,进行了纯镍中部份微量杂质的直接分析试验,在减少称量和简化操作手续方面,取得了有益的效果.     

复杂金精矿“三连炉”火法捕金生产实践

采用富氧底吹"三连炉"造锍捕金工艺处理高砷锑复杂难处理金精矿,实现多金属高效回收。针对复杂金精矿火法处理工艺中金属收得率和工艺调控需求,结合生产实践总结了多种杂质元素分配行为与规律,优化了配矿中不同杂质元素含量,并对不同复杂金精矿在熔炼过程中的铜锍品位进行有针对性的调控,即高砷物料铜锍品位控制在65%,高铅物料铜锍品位控制在72%。可实现复杂难处理金精矿三连炉熔炼中铅、锌、砷、锑、铋、镍整体脱除率达98%以上,为黄金行业绿色冶炼及可持续发展提供参考。     

复杂金精矿“三连炉”火法捕金工艺实践

采用富氧底吹“三连炉”造锍捕金工艺处理高砷锑复杂难处理金精矿，实现多金属高效回收。针对复杂金精矿火法处理工艺中金属收得率和工艺调控需求，结合生产实践总结了多种杂质元素分配行为与规律，优化了配矿中不同杂质元素含量，并对不同复杂金精矿在熔炼过程中的铜锍品位进行有针对性的调控，即高砷物料铜锍品位控制在65%，高铅物料铜锍品位控制在72%。可实现复杂难处理金精矿三连炉熔炼中铅、锌、砷、锑、铋、镍整体脱除率达98%以上，为黄金行业绿色冶炼及可持续发展提供参考。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水系沉积物中银铜砷锑铋镉

水系沉积物中银、铜、砷、锑、铋和镉等金属元素的准确测定,对地质找矿工作具有重要的指导意义。实验采用王水于水浴条件下溶解样品,通过选择适宜的同位素以及选用干扰元素校正方程克服了质谱干扰,利用仪器软件在线校正了氯离子对砷的干扰,以2%~3%(V/V)王水为测定介质,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定水系沉积物中银、铜、砷、锑、铋和镉6种元素的方法。在优化的实验条件下,各元素校准曲线线性相关系数均在0.9990以上,方法检出限为0.0028~0.045μg/g,测定下限为0.008~0.13μg/g。采用实验方法测定水系沉积物实际样品中银、铜、砷、锑、铋和镉,测定结果分别与采用交流电弧发射光谱法(ES)测定银,原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定砷、锑、铋,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定铜,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)测定镉的结果基本一致;测得结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.28%~2.0%。将实验方法应用于水系沉积物标准物质分析,银、铜、砷、锑、铋和镉测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=12)为0.45%~6.0%。     

Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.

Many of the links of religiousness with health, well-being, and social behavior may be due to religion's influences on self-control or self-regulation. Using Carver and Scheier's (1998) theory of self-regulation as a framework for organizing the empirical research, the authors review evidence relevant to 6 propositions: (a) that religion can promote self-control; (b) that religion influences how goals are selected, pursued, and organized; (c) that religion facilitates self-monitoring; (d) that religion fosters the development of self-regulatory strength; (e) that religion prescribes and fosters proficiency in a suite of self-regulatory behaviors; and (f) that some of religion's influences on health, well-being, and social behavior may result from religion's influences on self-control and self-regulation. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Shyness and children's emotionality, regulation, and coping: contemporaneous, longitudinal, and across-context relations

The relations of teachers' and parents' reports of children's shyness (i.e., social inhibition) at ages 6-8, 8-10, and 10-12 years to dispositional regulation, emotionality, and coping were examined. Shyness was positively related to internalizing negative emotion, coping by doing nothing, and, for parent-rated shyness, behavioral inhibition/nonimpulsivity, attention focusing, and avoidant coping; it was negatively related to positive emotionality, instrumental coping, seeking support from teachers (at younger ages), and for teacher-rated shyness, attentional control. Often prediction held over several years and/or across reporters. Parent-reported internalizing negative emotion at age 4-6 predicted shyness at ages 6-8 and 8-10, but primarily for children low in attention shifting. Teacher-rated shyness was related to low social status; parent-rated shyness correlated with boys' adult-rated social status at age 4-6 and with style of social interaction, particularly for girls. The relation between parent- and teacher-reported shyness decreased with age. The overall pattern of findings was partially consistent with the conclusion that parent-rated shyness reflected primarily social wariness with unfamiliar people (i.e., temperamental shyness), whereas teacher-rated shyness tapped social inhibition due to social evaluative concerns.     

Person, body, cadaver, and back

Because of the small size of their genome, viral genes have been forerunners in helping us understand gene expression. It is also because of their small size that viruses have elaborated the amazing variety of strategies that enables them to produce all the proteins they require for their multiplication. As a consequence, many of the strategies of expression known to occur in cell systems were first demonstrated in viruses. The aim of this review is to highlight the contribution of viruses to our knowledge of cell processes.     

Earnings, education, genetics, and environment

A major and well-recognized difficulty in estimating the effects of education on earnings is that the more educated are likely to be more able, irrespective of education. If ability also determines earnings and is not controlled, ordinary least squares will yield biased estimates of the education coefficient. In this study, we use data on identical twins to control for differences in ability that arise from genetic endowments and family environment. Not controlling for genetics and family environment may cause a large bias, up to two-thirds of the noncontrolled coefficient.