助熔剂硼酸对红色荧光粉(Y,Gd)BO_3∶Eu~(3+)结构及发光性能的影响

以Y_2O_3、Gd_2O_3、Eu_2O_3和H_3BO_3为原料,草酸为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法合成了PDP用红色荧光粉(Y,Gd)BO_3∶EU~(3+).着重研究了H_3BO_3作助熔剂对荧光粉(Y,Gd)BO_3:Eu~(3+)结构、发光性能、平均粒径和形貌的影响.结果表明,添加过量的H_3BO_3作助熔剂有利于荧光粉的晶化,能提高荧光粉的相对发光强度,减小荧光粉的平均粒径,同时还能使颗粒变得均匀;H_3BO_3的最佳补偿量为3%.     

四硼酸锶(SrB_4O_7)的制备新工艺及其影响因素

采用液相沉淀法合成两种水合硼酸锶SrB_2O_4·4H_2O和SrB_6O_(10)·5H_2O,将其高温煅烧制备出纯四硼酸锶(SrB_4O_7)相,分析了高温煅烧过程、产物的物相和形貌,研究了煅烧温度和保温时间等因素的影响。结果表明,在加热过程中水合硼酸锶发生脱水→非晶化→晶化过程,且SrB_6O_(10)在800℃左右分解为SrB_4O_7和液态氧化硼;将SrB_2O_4·4H_2O和SrB_6O_(10)·5H_2O在900℃煅烧4 h可制得纯相四硼酸锶;延长煅烧时间可提高产物的晶化程度,但是其晶型没有明显的变化。用该法制备的SrB_4O_7:Eu荧光粉,其发光强度明显比以SrCO_3和H_3BO_3为原料制备的样品高.     

Ca2+和Sr2+共掺杂钴铁酸镧的合成及电性能

以金属硝酸盐为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,共沉淀法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料La0.7Sr0.3-x CaxCo0.9 Fe0.1 O3-δ(简称: LSCCF,x= 0. 05、0.10、0. 15、0. 20)系列纳米晶粉料。TG DSC、XRD和SEM研究了LSCCF粉料的合成条件、晶体结构和颗粒粒度形貌。实验表明: LSCCF 粉料形成经过脱水、LaCoO3 基氧化物形成和LSCCF固溶体形成等过程;前驱体800℃处理4h就可形成单一钙钛矿型结构的固体氧化物。使用直流四极探针法在空气气氛下测试了1200℃烧结3h 后所有LSCCF 样品从100 ~800℃时的电导率,结果显示随着测量温度的提高,电导率逐渐增大,并在490℃时达到最大值,随后逐渐降低。490℃范围内,Ca2 和Sr2 共掺杂取代La3 进入晶格后,其导电机制符合小极化子绝热孔隙理论。而当Ca2 的掺杂含量x=0.10 或0.15 时,Ca2 和Sr2 共掺杂在450 ~ 800℃范围对LSCCF 的电导率产生“混合”效应,致使电导率值基本保持一致。且所有样品在600~800℃的电导率都超过400S/cm,满足阴极材料对电性能的要求。     

Nd—Fe—B粘结磁体磁粉制备

本文所介绍的Nd-Fe-B粘结磁体磁粉的制备系采用铸态Nd-Fe-B合金高温氢气爆裂法。氢爆过程由氢化—加温—真空脱氢等步骤组成。加热温度为750～950℃。本方法制备的粘结磁体的内禀矫顽力H_(ci)≥800kA/m;各向同性的最大磁能积(BH)_(max)≥32kJ/m~3。     

共沉淀法合成NdAlO3陶瓷粉末

以氨水为沉淀剂、采用共沉淀法合成了NdAlO3陶瓷超细粉末,并研究了NdAlO3粉末的合成过程及沉淀剂与硝酸盐溶液的混合顺序、硝酸盐溶液浓度对粉末相组成和粉末形貌的影响。合成过程是由非晶态的前驱体分解为非晶态的氧化物,在700℃～750℃之间生成NdAlO3相,随着热处理温度升高,结晶程度增加。采用氨水与0.25mol/L～1mol/L的硝酸盐溶液逐渐按比例混合的混合工艺、在800℃得到了NdAlO3单相,所得粉末颗粒呈球状,分散性良好,平均粒径尺寸随浓度增加略有减小,浓度为1mol/L时大约为60nm。而采用氨水滴入硝酸盐溶液的混合工艺、于800℃合成的NdAlO3粉末含有微量的Nd4Al2O9第二相,平均晶粒尺寸100nm左右。     

固相法合成La2Ni0.5M0.5O4+δ(M=Co,Cu)材料及电性能

使用金属氧化物La2O3,NiO,CuO和Co2O3作为原料,固相反应法能够合成出具有K2NiF4型结构单一相的、且晶粒尺寸在35～50nm范围的La2Ni0.5M0.5O4 δ(M=Co,Cu)粉料,用XRD、SEM和直流四极探针电导测试法研究了合成La2Ni0.5M0.5O4 δ(M=Co,Cu)粉料的煅烧工艺条件和掺杂元素对电性能的影响以及粉料的颗粒形貌.随着煅烧温度的升高和保温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸在不断长大;合成的粉料在1300℃烧结5h后所有样品的电导率在空气条件下于100～800℃范围内都在增加.掺杂C0或Cu后的材料La2NiO4 δ的电导率均有增加,但掺杂Co后材料电导率要大于掺杂Cu的电导率.为此确定La2Ni0.5M0.5O4 δ(M=Co,Cu)类粉料固相法合成的适宜煅烧条件为1400℃下保温时间14h.     

喷射-沉淀法合成纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体及表征

采用喷射-沉淀法成功地制备了纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体粉料。通过XRD、TG．DSC、SEM、TEM和BET等测试手段分析了其微观结构和形貌．结果表明：沉淀剂种类和溶液pH值对喷射．共沉淀法制备Ni-zn铁氧体纳米粉的物相和结构有着显著影响。采用NaOH溶液为沉淀剂，pH值范围为7．0～7．5，可以获得颗粒细小均匀、形状完整的纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体粉料。在600℃煅烧1．5h，样品晶粒尺寸为30nm左右，平均颗粒尺寸小于100nm。     

纳米Cr_2O_3粉体的制备及表征

以Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O、氨水和乙醇为原料,采用沉淀法在不同温度下合成了纳米Cr_2O_3粉体,并运用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射、热重-动态差热分析、红外光谱等手段对粉体进行表征。结果表明,Cr(OH)_3在450℃已经生成Cr_2O_3,经过800℃煅烧30min可获得平均粒径为70～100nm的Cr_2O_3粉体。     

Gd_2O_2S∶Pr~(3+)荧光粉的合成与发光性能研究

采用Gd(NO_3)_3、Pr_6O_(11)、HNO_3、(NH_4)_2SO_4和NH_3·H_2O为实验原料,通过共沉淀还原法合成了Gd_2O_2S∶Pr~(3+)荧光粉。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光(PL)等手段对合成产物进行了表征。结果表明前驱体具有非晶态结构,在空气气氛中800℃煅烧2 h能转化为单相的Gd_2O_2SO_4粉体,该粉体在氩氢混合气氛下800℃煅烧1 h能转化为单相的Gd_2O_2S粉体。Gd_2O_2S粉体呈准球形,粒径大约1μm左右,团聚严重。PL光谱分析表明在303 nm的紫外光激发下,Gd_2O_2S∶Pr~(3+)荧光粉呈绿光发射,主发射峰位于514nm,归属于Pr~(3+)离子的~3P_0-~3H_4跃迁,Pr~(3+)离子的猝灭浓度为1mol%。     

LaBO_3荧光基质材料的低温制备与表征

以水合La(NO_3)_3、H_3BO_3为氧化剂,C_2H_5NO_2为还原剂,采用溶液燃烧法,在理论物质的量之比为3∶3∶5的条件下,制备正交晶系硼酸镧(α-LaBO_3)粉体,探讨不同煅烧温度和不同保温时间对产物的影响;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光光谱分析等方法对制备的粉体进行表征。结果表明:合成α-LaBO_3的最佳条件为温度为750℃,煅烧4h,产物颗粒分布均匀且分散性好,晶胞参数a=0.51033nm,b=0.82508nm,c=0.58674 nm,α-La BO_3粉体可作为基质材料应用于发光粉体的制备。     

Photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystals

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials exhibit a variety of physical properties. Pronounced coupling between phonon, organic cations, and the inorganic framework suggest that these materials exhibit strong light–matter interactions. The photoinduced strain of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is investigated using high‐resolution and contactless in situ Raman spectroscopy. Under illumination, the material exhibits large blue shifts in its Raman spectra that indicate significant structural deformations (i.e., photostriction). From these shifts, the photostrictive coefficient of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is calculated as 2.08 × 10^?8 m² W^?1 at room temperature under visible light illumination. The significant photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is attributed to a combination of the photovoltaic effect and translational symmetry loss of the molecular configuration via strong translation–rotation coupling. Unlike CH₃NH₃PbI₃, it is noted that the photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is extremely stable, demonstrating no signs of optical decay for at least 30 d. These results suggest the potential of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ for applications in next‐generation optical micro‐electromechanical devices.     

Constitution of the Ni3Cr-Ni3Al-Ni3W system

Isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-Al-W system have been investigated at 75 at % Ni and temperatures of 1523 and 1273 K, by means of phase compositional analysis, X-ray diffraction and microscopical examination. The alloys studied lay in the range 2.5 to 10 at % Cr, 12.5 to 20 at% Al, 2.5 to 6.25 at % W, The phases formed were, and the bcc solid solution based on tungsten (designated ₂). The maximum extent of the region was found to be 3 at % each of chromium and tungsten. Preferential partitioning of tungsten to occurred. Study of an Ni-10Cr-12.5Al-2.5W alloy aged at 1273 and 1073 K, after quenching from 1573 K, showed that changes in and compositions and lattice parameters occur as a function of ageing time.     

(La2/3Ca1/3)(Mn(3-x)/3)Fex/3)O3体系磁电阻行为的研究

通过系统地测量（La_2/3Ca_1/3）（Mn_{（3-x）／3}Fe_x／3）O₃（x＝0、0.1、0．2、0．3的体系样品的电阻率-温度关系以及一定温度下磁电阻率与磁场的关系,发现随x的变化其磁电阻率峰和电阻率峰均发生位移,磁电阻率峰值增大,并伴生磁电阻率峰展宽效应．作者认为由于Fe的替代,引起体系中Mn³⁺／Mn⁴⁺比率及磁矩的变化,加之外场对磁有序结构的调制作用,从而影响了Mn³⁺－O^－Mn⁴⁺的双交换作用,最终导致磁电阻行为发生变化．     

PbZrO3-CdTiO3 solid solutions

The structural, nonlinear optical, and dielectric properties of (1-x)PbZrO₃ ·xtCdTiO₃ solid solutions were studied. The phase relations in the composition rangesx = 0–0.3 and 0.85-1.0 were established. The results suggest that the ferrielectric ordering in CdTiO₃ persists up to 730 K.     

3 Cr3 Mo3 VNb 在热冲孔中的应用研究

高合金钢热冲孔冲头寿命关系到模具与产品成本、生产效率、自动化设备的使用,因此,应注重冲头的选材、材料制备与冲头制造工艺。 用 3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 作为高合金钢热冲孔冲头,为提高模具寿命,在材料制备上,优化了成分,采用电渣重熔冶炼,减少杂质,毛坯锻造两次,用大锻造比锻造,冲头热处理用真空炉,三次回火,热处理硬度取 HRC42 ~ 46 ,冲头表面处理采用镀铬工艺,开展了热冲孔工艺试验。 结果表明,用3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 可使冲孔冲头寿命平均达到 800 件以上。     

Phase equilibria in the system LaMnO3 + δ-SrMnO3-LaFeO3-SrFeO3 − d

We have revealed the formation of a continuous series of orthorhombic LaMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ solid solutions (0<y<1); La_{1 ? x} Sr_xFeO₃ solid solutions in the composition range 0 < x ≤ 0.8, with an orthorhombic structure at 0 < x ≤ 0.6 and a cubic structure at 0.6 < x ≤ 0.8; and a tetragonal SrMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ phase in the range 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1. The composition stability limits of the perovskite phase La_{1 ? x} Sr_xMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ have been determined, and the 1100°C isotherm of the La₂O₃-SrO-Mn₃O₄-Fe₂O₃ system in air has been constructed.     

Multicolor up-conversion emissions of Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped YF3 phosphors

Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped yttrium fluoride (YF3) phosphors were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. X-ray topographic analysis found that the phosphors were crystallized products. Their sizes and morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800), which indicated that most of the YF3 phosphors were hundreds of nanometers in size. Up-conversion (UC) spectra were recorded under 980-nm diode laser excitation at room temperature with a fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi F-4500). Plenty of UC emissions of Tm3+ and Er3+ were observed from ultraviolet to red. For Tm3+ ions, a five-photon process (approximately 291 nm and approximately 347 nm), a four-photon process (approximately 362 nm and approximately 452 nm), and a three-photon process (approximately 475 nm) were identified in the UC spectra. The UC emissions from the Er3+ were: approximately 380 nm, approximately 408 nm, approximately 521 nm, approximately 537 nm, and approximately 652 nm. Therefore, cyan-white light can be observed by the naked eye at 980-nm excitation, even under low excitation power density. By comparing the UC spectra of the phosphors annealed at different temperatures, we found that the intensity of the UC luminescence increased as annealing temperature increased. Furthermore, the spectral dependencies on Tm3+ doped concentrations were studied. The energy transfer processes and fluorescence dynamics in the tri-doped system are currently being investigated.