氟虫腈替代药剂的田间筛选试验

进行氟虫腈替代药剂的田间筛选试验.小区试验结果表明:药后10 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 1 200 mL/hm2、25%吡蚜酮WP 300 g/hm2对褐飞虱的防效分别为89.3%、82.2%、83.4%,对灰飞虱的防效分别为90.1%、85.4%、86.2%.药后15 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 1 200 mL/hm2、1.8%阿维菌素EC 1 500 mL/hm2和1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 1 500 mL/hm2对稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果分别为97.7%、87.2%、97.5%、98.1%,杀虫效果分别为98.8%、89.8%、100%、100%.示范试验表明:药后10 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2和48%毒死蜱EC 1200 mL/hm2对稻飞虱的防效分别为78.4%和76.9%;对纵卷叶螟的保叶效果分别为84%和80.7%,杀虫效果分别为87.6%和80.4%.阿维菌素·毒死蜱和毒死蜱可作为氟虫腈兼治稻飞虱和纵卷叶螟的替代药剂,吡蚜酮可作为氟虫腈防治稻飞虱的替代药剂,阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐可作为氟虫腈防治稻纵卷叶螟的替代药剂.并就几种替代药剂的合理使用进行了探讨.     

吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验

进行了吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验.小区试验表明,10 d后5%氟虫腈SC 750 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱·氟虫腈EC 900 mL/hm2和25%吡蚜酮WP 300 g/hm2对褐飞虱和灰飞虱的防效均超过80%,对白背飞虱的防效超过75%,而10%吡虫啉WP 600 g/hm2对飞虱的防效小于50%;示范试验表明,10 d后3种药剂对稻飞虱的防效依次分别为82.6%、85.2%和76.9%,15 d后对麦田灰飞虱的防效分别为83.9%、79.9%和82.4%,明显好于吡虫啉.因此,氟虫腈、毒死蜱·氟虫腈和吡蚜酮可以作为吡虫啉的替代药剂,并就3种替代药剂的合理使用进行了探讨.     

杀虫剂对长江中下游地区水稻害虫田间防效

[目的]针对水稻害虫抗药性上升、化学防治药剂缺乏的现状,2015年在长江中下游地区开展了具有不同作用机理的杀虫剂对水稻稻飞虱、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果研究。[结果]吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺对稻飞虱的防效较好,药后5、10 d的防效分别为80.3%、78.6%、81.9%和90.4%、86.0%、91.1%;异丙威、噻虫嗪、氟啶虫胺腈对白背飞虱防效明显优于褐飞虱,药后5、10 d的防效分别为90.7%、79.3%、92.6%和93.5%、98.3%、98.3%;毒死蜱、噻嗪酮对稻飞虱(褐飞虱、白背飞虱)防效较差,均低于79.2%。双酰胺类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺对二化螟残虫防效较好,药后21 d防效为80%以上;沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂杀虫单对二化螟残虫防效较差,防效为43.2%~72.7%;与氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺对二化螟残虫防效相比,有机磷类杀虫剂毒死蜱、三唑磷、沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂杀螟丹、昆虫生长调节剂甲氧虫酰肼的防效有明显的差异,这可能与当地用药习惯和二化螟抗药性有关。双酰胺类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、缩氨基脲类杀虫剂茚虫威对稻纵卷叶螟保叶效果较好,药后14 d都在85%以上,有机磷类杀虫剂稻丰散保叶效果较差。[结论]建议水稻主要害虫防治,轮换使用吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺防治稻飞虱,轮换使用双酰胺类、乙酰甲胺磷防治二化螟,轮换使用双酰胺类、茚虫威防治稻纵卷叶螟。     

邗江区水稻害虫抗药性监测及治理技术研究

2012-2014年,开展灰飞虱、褐飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟对几种常用药剂的室内抗药性监测和田间药效验证试验,并提出抗性治理措施。结果表明:示范区内可轮换使用噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺和吡蚜酮防治灰飞虱,停用毒死蜱;烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈可轮换用于防治褐飞虱,限用吡蚜酮,停用吡虫啉、噻嗪酮、噻虫嗪;阿维菌素、三唑磷、氯虫苯甲酰胺可轮换用于防治二化螟,限用毒死蜱、杀虫单;氯虫苯甲酰胺对二化螟的田间防效较理想,但对稻纵卷叶螟的防效有待进一步试验验证。     

几种药剂混用防治灰飞虱药效试验初报

田间试验结果表明,每667m2用5%氟虫腈20mL与40.7%毒死蜱60mL、25g/L高效氯氟氰菊酯EC40mL混配,对灰飞虱药后3d防效分别为89.94%、87.79%;药后7d防效分别达97.83%、96.15%;药后15d防效仍高达94.76%、93.01%,具有速效性好、持效期长的特点。     

氟啶虫胺腈对水稻褐飞虱的室内杀虫活性及田间药效

[目的]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验评价氟啶虫胺腈原药以及22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对水稻褐飞虱的杀虫活性及田间防治效果。[方法]分别采用稻茎浸渍法和常规喷雾法进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果]氟啶虫胺腈和吡虫啉原药对水稻褐飞虱的LC50值分别为3.52、1.60 mg/L,LC90值分别为31.27、21.50 mg/L,表明氟啶虫胺腈与吡虫啉对褐飞虱均具有较好的毒杀作用。22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂用量50、75、100 g a.i./hm2于药后3 d的防效达61.6%～97.1%,具有较好的速效性,药后7～14 d的防效达84.2%～99.2%,表现出较好的持效性。[结论]22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂是防治水稻褐飞虱的较好药剂,推荐用量50～75 g a.i./hm2,重点喷施水稻茎基部。     

氟硅菊酯对水稻褐飞虱的生物活性及田间防治效果

室内生测结果表明:氟硅菊酯对褐飞虱3龄若虫的LC50值为9.98 mg/L,与吡蚜酮相比,氟硅菊酯对褐飞虱3龄若虫的LC50值是吡蚜酮的14.14倍;田间试验结果表明:氟硅菊酯具较好的速效性、持效性,药后3 d,5%氟硅菊酯EC(制剂用量)1500～4 500 mL/hm2对褐飞虱的防治效果为76.39%～94.00%,药后21 d,5%氟硅菊酯EC(制剂用量)3000～4500 mL/hm2对褐飞虱的控制效果仍有73.88%～89.22%,因此从防效和经济的角度考虑,5%氟硅菊酯EC控制褐飞虱最佳制剂用量为3000～4500 mL/hm2,防治适期宜在褐飞虱低龄若虫高峰期.     

氟啶虫胺腈对褐飞虱的田间防治效果

[目的]明确240g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对褐飞虱的田间控制作用及最佳使用剂量。[方法]采用田间喷雾法,对氟啶虫胺腈37.5、50、75、100 ga.i./hm2四种不同剂量处理防治褐飞虱效果进行试验研究。[结果]240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂37.5、50ga.i./hm2两种剂量处理,药后1~3 d对褐飞虱的防效为51.42%~68.51%,药后7~14 d的防效为61.00%~79.10%,与对照药剂25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂112.5ga.i./hm2剂量处理相比,速效性相当,但持效性差;而75、100ga.i./hm2两种剂量处理,药后1~3 d防效为67.18%~74.11%,药后7~14 d防效为81.26%~89.22%,与对照药剂25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂112.5ga.i./hm2剂量处理相比,速效性更好,而持效性相当。[结论]240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂75~100 ga.i./hm2剂量喷雾处理,能有效控制褐飞虱的发生为害,可供生产上推广应用。     

几种生物农药对水稻稻纵卷叶螟的田间药效试验

5种生物农药防治稻纵卷叶螟低龄幼虫田间试验结果表明:0.5%藜芦碱WP 3000 g/hm2、2.5%鱼藤酮Ec4500 mL/hm2、1.8%阿维菌素EC 1 200 mL/hm2、2000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌(B.t.)SC 6000 mL/hm2,400亿孢子/g白僵菌WP 2 400 g/hm2(均为制剂用量)单独使用,药后7 d校正防效在90.30%～94.60%之间,药后15 d保叶效果在70.45%～84.09%之间,与对照药剂48%毒死蜱EC常规用量(750 mL/hm2)防效差异均不显著,但单用速效性较差.而阿维菌素与B.t.之间,藜芦碱、鱼藤酮、阿维菌素、B.t、白僵菌分别与毒死蜱之间,以单用时常规剂量的一半混用,可明显加快杀虫速度,药后3 d防效在84.00%～92.96%之间,药后7 d防效及药后15 dR叶效果与单用相当或更好.因此,这5种生物农药可以部分替代高毒、高残留的化学农药来防治稻纵卷叶螟,从而显著减少化学农药的使用量.     

不同药剂防治褐飞虱药效试验

为寻找防治褐飞虱的高效、低毒药剂,2012年对六(3)代褐飞虱进行了不同药剂处理的防治试验。结果表明:9.7%乙虫腈SC 1200 g/hm2对褐飞虱具有较好的速效性和持效性,药后1～21 d的防效为80.13%～94.07%;25%吡蚜酮SC 450 g/hm2的速效性稍差,但持效性与9.7%乙虫腈SC 1200 g/hm2处理相当,药后7～21 d的防效为89.60%～94.04%。     

Capillary study on geometrical dependence of shear viscosity of polymer melts

Geometrical dependence of viscosity of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are studied by means of a twin‐bore capillary rheometer based on power‐law model. Contrary geometrical dependences of shear viscosity are observed for PMMA between 210 and 255°C, but similar geometrical dependences are revealed for HDPE between 190 and 260°C. The fact that wall slip can not successfully explain the irregular geometrical dependence of PMMA viscosity is found in this work. Then, pressure effect and dependence of fraction of free volume (FFV) on both pressure and temperature are proposed to be responsible for the geometrical dependence of capillary viscosity of polymers. The dependence of shear viscosity on applied pressure is first investigated based on the Barus equation. By introducing a shift factor, shear viscosity curves of PMMA measured under different pressures can be shifted onto a set of parallel plots by correcting the pressure effect and the less shear‐thinning then disappears, especially at high pressure. Meanwhile, the FFV and combining strength among molecular chains are evaluated for both samples based on molecular dynamics simulation, which implies that the irregular geometrical dependence of PMMA viscosity can not be attributed to the wall slip behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39982.     

Effect of electrical properties on gas sensitivity of polypyrrole/cds nanocomposites

In the present work, polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites were synthesized using ferric chloride (FeCl₃) as an oxidant by in situ polymerization at room temperature. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasonication technique with size ranging between 60 and 110 nm. The PPy/CdS nanocomposites were prepared by taking 1–3 wt % loading of CdS to measure the electrical conductivity. The PPy nanocomposites were characterized by using FTIR, X‐ray diffraction, UV, and SEM. Furthermore, these PPy/CdS nanocomposites were investigated to study their effect of electrical properties on gas sensitivity of ammonia and LPG. The nanocomposites showed improvement in conductivity and sensing response toward 250 ppm NH₃ was found to be maximum (4.2) compared with 100 and 500 ppm NH₃ gas, whereas in the case of LPG, it showed sensitive response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42379.     

Effect of electric field on storage modulus of dielectric composites

DCs composed by dielectric particles and elastomer matrix present electric field dependent deformation. Viscoelasticity dominates their electric field response, which has to be considered in their applications. Although the influence of strain amplitude and oscillation frequency on the viscoelasticity of DCs has been investigated, the effect of electric field has been seldom studied. In this study, DCs were prepared by dispersing TiO₂ particles with different concentrations and different distributions within silicone rubbers. The areal strain and the storage modulus of the DCs under different electric fields were tested. The results indicated the electric field has significant influence on the storage modulus of the DCs. Such an electric field dependent storage modulus is more significant for the DCs with higher particle fraction, or with aligned distributed particles. The enhanced electrostatic interaction between the adjacent particles by applying electric field is responsible for the phenomena.     

聚苯硫醚的应用研究进展

简要介绍聚苯硫醚的物化性能、国内外发展概况,以及供需现状、应用领域和市场前景.     

Evaluating the state of dispersion on cellulosic biopolymer by rheology

The key challenge in the development of cellulose bio‐nanocomposites lies in the spatial distribution of the cellulose fibre, as the presence of surface hydroxyl groups initiates self‐agglomeration, thereby resulting in crack or failure of the composites. In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is here effectively surface acetylated to reduce agglomeration. Poly(lactic acid) PLA based cellulose bio‐ nanocomposites were then prepared by solvent casting technique. A rheological percolation threshold is calculated to quantify the level of dispersion and the optimal loading. Moreover, high frequency linear viscoelastic behavior is analyzed and the data is fitted to the Krieger‐Dougherty equation to determine the maximum packing fraction. Maximum packing fraction value is then used as a mean to rank the quality of dispersion. The value for maximum packing fraction is compared with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), to show how shape and structure affects the quality of dispersion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43200.     

刍议油气储运设备的管理与维护

在我国经济发展过程中,油气运输具有重要作用,为我国的发展提供能源支撑。现阶段,为了合理的分配油气等燃料物质,我国主要采取管道运输的方式来实现油气的储备与运输。在储运过程中,由于油气容易受到周边环境的影响,且本身具有氧化物质,容易出现管道腐蚀等现象。所以,在油气燃料物质储运过程中,必须做好管道防腐工作,不断改良输送管道,有效提升油气燃料的安全性,促进我国经济的快速发展。     

芳烃原料罐区有机气体回收装置运行问题初探与分析

本文介绍了四川石化65万t·a-1对二甲苯芳烃联合装置配套芳烃原料罐区有机气体回收装置工艺流程简述,主要控制指标、运行状态以及运行过程中出现的问题分析及应对措施。装置运行半年来,操作稳定,外排气体烃含量小于35×10-6,远低于国家设计标准,达到安全环保要求。     

谈现代均陶堆花工艺的创新发展

均陶是陶都宜兴最早的陶瓷种类之一,它与精陶、紫砂、青瓷、美彩陶一起被称为宜兴陶瓷艺术的＂五朵金花＂。宜兴均陶以大气、古朴、美观著称于世,堆、贴是它的主要装饰手法,这在民间艺术的装饰手法中极具代表性。均陶堆花作品具有实用与陈设的双重价值。然而,今天的陶都却成了紫砂陶＂一枝独秀＂的局面,作为均陶工艺从业人要振兴现代均陶工艺,我们就很有必要深入探讨、研究它的堆花工艺,从装饰形式、装饰内容、装饰技法这三个方面进行突破创新。只有这样才可能使宜兴均陶走上繁荣发展之路。     

Effect of optimization methods on Hansen solubility ellipsoids

In Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) space, the solubility region of a solute is modeled as an axis‐aligned ellipsoid, of which Hansen sphere is a special case. The solubility ellipsoids of six materials are determined by the data fit function proposed by Hansen and a new objective function, both solved by a hybrid global‐local search algorithm. From the calculated and reported results, the validity and applicability of four types of currently used optimization methods are analyzed, the findings of and reasons for disputable problems are elucidated. The results reveal that the objective function defined for finding a smallest ellipsoid enclosing all good solvents and having the lowest number of outliers leads to reliable results, thereby has advantages over the methods based on the data fit function. The global convergence and capability of locating multiple optima are essential for a search algorithm used for determining solubility regions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44621.     

气雾剂的检验检测要求和建议

研究了气雾剂相关国内外标准、法规及国际间条约，列出了气雾剂在物理危险、易燃性、健康和环境危害等方面的检验检测要求，并简述了相应的检验检测方法。对气雾剂实施检验检测有利于提升气雾剂的质量和安全。提前预防进口国对气雾剂出口使用技术壁垒，保障和促进气雾剂的生产和出口。