乳制品中动物胶原水解蛋白测定方法研究

目的:本文建立乳制品中皮革水解蛋白含量的测定方法。方法:采用比色法定量检测乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白,先测得羟脯氨酸的质量浓度,再由测得的羟脯氨酸换算出乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白的含量。结果:比色法测定乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白,回归方程y=6.628x-0.1237,r=0.9994,回收率均值为109.2%,RSD为4.0%。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、重现性好,适用于乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白含量的测定。     

汤臣倍健胶原蛋白粉不合胶原蛋白

胶原蛋白产品竟未含胶原蛋白？这听上去像一个巨大的讽刺。9月,笔者以消费者身份在药店、超市和品牌专柜购买了Fancl、Lunli、丸美、汤臣倍健、颜如玉、无限极、安婕妤7款口服胶原蛋白产品,送往第三方检测机构进行检测。     

影响壳聚糖-胶原蛋白冻干海绵敷料结构、性能的因素

壳聚糖-胶原复合敷料具有良好的生物相容性、抗菌性和促进表皮细胞生长等特性,可作为深二度烧伤敷料。通过冷冻干燥法制得的海绵敷料的外观、内部结构、吸水率、舒适性等性能取决于制备条件,其中预冻步骤最为关键。本工作探讨了-70℃、-40℃、-20℃的三种预冻条件对冻干产品外观和内部结构的影响,同时考察不同物料浓度(2.0~3.5%)和不同壳聚糖/胶原蛋白比例(2/1、1/1、1/2)时海绵敷料性能,实验表明,-40℃预冻30min,物料浓度2.5%,壳聚糖/胶原蛋白比例2/1,所制得的海绵敷料外观工整,内部孔结构均匀,且具有良好的结构稳定性、吸水性和舒适性。红外光谱分析表明,壳聚糖-胶原蛋白冻干海绵由于氢键交联作用,使冻干产品不同于原材料壳聚糖或胶原蛋白,冻干产品具有更牢固的组织结构。     

重组胶原蛋白与牛源I型胶原蛋白红外光谱研究

用红外光谱分析了重组胶原蛋白和牛源I型胶原蛋白的结构,并用场发射扫描电镜观察了两种胶原蛋白的形貌.结果表明,两种胶原蛋白的红外光谱存在显著差异,牛源I型胶原蛋白的红外光谱呈典型的三螺旋结构特征,而重组胶原蛋白的红外光谱呈变性胶原蛋白特征;重组胶原蛋白的红外光谱在1024 cm-1附近有很强的丝氨酸侧基C-O伸缩振动吸收峰;牛源I型胶原蛋白分子形成胶原纤维,重组胶原蛋白没有纤维存在,重组胶原蛋白与牛源I型胶原蛋白的分子构型和聚集结构不同.研究结果将为胶原基生物医学材料和组织工程支架的设计使用提供理论依据.     

低温等离子体对医用胶原膜表面改性的研究

天然胶原生物材料经辉光放电等离子体改性后，表面化学组分和结构改变，通过测量接触角，光电子谱和红外分析，表明表面能提高；表面引进了羧基，因而大大提高了表面的改极性，这些结果对研制生物医用复合材料具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。     

以胰蛋白酶为模板合成花状纳米金的研究

常温下,以胰蛋白酶(trypsin)为模板,以抗坏血酸(AA)为还原剂一步合成了花状纳米金。通过考察AA的浓度和pH值等对金纳米粒子形成的影响,初步探讨花状纳米金的生长机理。结果表明,在pH值为5.0的水溶液中,固定HAuCl4与trypsin的体积比为5∶1,加入抗坏血酸,并使AA终浓度为3.0 mM,可制备性状稳定、尺寸为80~120 nm的花状纳米金。     

草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的凝胶性能研究

以草鱼鱼鳞为原料,分别提取鱼鳞中的酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC),利用动态流变仪和物性分析仪开展胶原凝胶形成和凝胶性能的相关研究,并与哺乳动物来源的猪皮胶原(PC)相比较。实验结果表明,制备所得的3种胶原蛋白均为典型的Ⅰ型胶原并具有完整的3螺旋结构;蛋白浓度和体系pH值是影响胶原凝胶形成的重要因素。ASC形成凝胶的临界pH值为4.5,而PSC和PC为5,3种胶原蛋白凝胶形成的临界蛋白浓度均为0.5mg/mL。粘弹性分析和质构分析的实验结果表明,ASC容易形成一种硬度高但脆性大的凝胶,升高温度可导致其凝胶结构发生不可逆的破坏,而PSC和PC更容易形成一种硬度小但韧性好的凝胶,在低于蛋白变性温度的条件下升高温度可以有效提高凝胶硬度;胶原蛋白凝胶质构受蛋白浓度、体系pH值和蛋白的3螺旋结构影响。蛋白浓度越高,体系pH值越接近中性,形成的凝胶硬度越大,但脆性也随之增加;当胶原蛋白因受热而导致其三螺旋结构破坏后,其凝胶形成能力急剧下降。     

胶原-氧化铟锡复合红外低发射率涂料的制备及性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备红外低发射率的氧化铟锡(ITO)粉体,用液-液分散法制备了胶原-ITO复合物.以胶原-ITO复合物为颜料,环氧树脂为粘合剂,加入各种助剂,制得胶原-ITO复合红外低发射率涂料,并将涂料制成涂层.试验结果表明:胶原-ITO复合红外低发射率涂料的临界颜料体积(CPVC)为47.5%,涂层的红外发射率(1～22μm,8～14μm,3～5μm)为0.648～0.674,涂层耐温性为354.9℃,硬度、耐磨性、附着力等力学性能良好.     

鱼腥草胰蛋白酶抑制剂的提取技术分析

目的研究鱼腥草中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性成分的最佳提取条件。方法以提取液对胰蛋白酶的抑制率为指标,采用正交试验法对提取温度（A）、溶剂用量（B）、pH值（C）、提取时间（D）4个因素进行优选研究,并以优选出的提取方案进行验证实验。结果因素B对提取效果有极显著的影响,因素A、C均有显著的影响,因素D影响不显著。结论鱼腥草中胰蛋白酶抑制活性成分有效部位的最佳提取工艺为A1B2C3D2。     

Heat-deproteinated xenogeneic bone from slaughterhouse waste: Physico-chemical properties

Xenogeneic bone procured from the slaughterhouse waste was deproteinated by heat treatment method intended for use as a bone substitute. The effect of heat treatment was investigated by thermal analysis and by physico-chemical methods such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The heat treatment temperatures for the bovine bone samples were predetermined by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The XRD results revealed that the process of heat treatment promoted the crystallinity of bone samples, particularly at 700 and 900†C. There was no secondary phase transformation detected for heat- deproteinated bone except the presence of the hydroxyapatite (HA) phase, which indicated its phase purity even at a higher temperature. The FTIR spectra of raw bone and bone heated at 300†C indicated the presence of organic macromolecules whereas these disappeared in the samples heated at 500, 700 and 900†C, which suggested the removal of antigenic organic matters around 500†C. The same results were also confirmed quantitatively by calculating the amount of collagen using hydroxyproline estimation. There was no significant change in the TG-thermogram of bone heated at 500, 700 and 900†C, which indicated their thermal stability. These findings implied that the heat treated bone at 500†C had properties similar to carbonated HA with low crystallinity, while 700 and 900†C samples had the same with higher crystallinity. As low temperature treatment does not alter morphological and structural properties, we propose that the 500†C heat treated xenogeneic bone may act as an excellent osteogenic bone substitute.     

Nano-mechanical properties of individual mineralized collagen fibrils from bone tissue

Mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) are distinct building blocks for bone material and perform an important mechanical function. A novel experimental technique using combined atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy is used to manipulate and measure the mechanical properties of individual MCFs from antler, which is a representative bone tissue. The recorded stress–strain response of individual MCFs under tension shows an initial linear deformation region for all fibrils, followed by inhomogeneous deformation above a critical strain. This inhomogeneous deformation is indicative of fibrils exhibiting either yield or strain hardening and suggests possible mineral compositional changes within each fibril. A phenomenological model is used to describe the fibril nano-mechanical behaviour.     

Applicability of ToF-SIMS for monitoring compositional changes in bone in a long-term animal model

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a well-established technique in material sciences but has not yet been widely explored for implementation in life sciences. Here, we demonstrate the applicability and advantages of ToF-SIMS analysis for the study of minerals and biomolecules in osseous tissue. The locally resolved analysis of fragment ions deriving from the sample surface enables imaging and differentiation of bone tissue and facilitates histology on non-stained cross sections. In a rat model, bilateral ovariectomy combined with either a multi-deficiency diet or steroid treatment was carried out to create osteoporotic conditions. We focused our study on the Ca content of the mineralized tissue and monitored its decline. Calcium mass images of cross sections show the progressive degenerative changes in the bone. We observed a decreased Ca concentration in the edge region of the trabeculae and a decline in the Ca/P ratio. Additionally, we focused on the non-mineralized matrix and identified fragment ions that are characteristic for the collagen matrix. We observed trabeculae with wide ranges of non-mineralized collagen for the diet group owing to an impaired mineralization process. Here, the advantage of coeval monitoring of collagen and minerals indicated an osteomalacic model rather than an osteoporotic one.     

Orientation dependent fracture toughness of lamellar bone

The critical energy release rate of human bone was determined for different crack propagation directions with three-point-bending tests using controlled crack extension. The local structure was characterised by small-angle X-ray scattering, SEM and polarised light microscopy and related to the energy required for crack extension. It turns out the collagen angle is decisive for switching the fracture behaviour of bone from brittle to quasi-ductile. A significant increase in the critical energy release rate as well as a change of the appearance of the crack path from straight and smooth to deflected and zig-zag is observed.     

有机相对骨组织力学性能影响的有限元分析

骨组织主要由有机相和矿物质相间排列而成,其显微组织结构与纤维增强材料相似。基于矿化程度构建三种胶原微纤维模型,以原胶原分子和有机交联键为出发点,综合探索有机相对微纤维力学性能的作用机制,再与文献数据进行对照验证。数值结果表明：随着矿化程度的加深,微纤维模型的刚度值和塑性趋势均显著上升。原胶原分子的收缩会导致其弹性模量上升,韧性明显下降。交联键数量增多会提高骨组织的力学性能,也增大骨组织的脆性。研究结果有助于揭示骨组织活性成分和微观结构对其力学性能的影响,为骨组织修复材料的开发提供理论依据。     

金属基骨植入材料表面生物活性的研究进展

介绍了几种金属骨植入材料，根据生物活性定义、生物材料与组织间的结合方式，探讨了金属表面生物活性机制和影响表面生物活性的因素，分析了在金属基骨植入材料表面可制备的生物活性涂层，并对金属基骨植入材料表面活性的研究前景进行了展望。     

玻璃基生物骨水泥内部纳米羟基磷灰石的形成研究

以CaO-SiO2-P2O5系统生物玻璃和磷酸铵调和液混合制得玻璃基生物骨水泥(GBC),利用XRD、FTIR和SEM对GBC的产物晶相、化学组成和内部显微结构进行了分析,并对其力学性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,随着浸泡时间的增加GBC中的玻璃相逐步向羟基磷灰石(HAP)微晶转化,生成的磷灰石为弱结晶度的类骨状碳酸羟基磷灰石微晶,这些微晶主要分布于玻璃粉末的界面之间,端面尺寸在30～50nm,这表明GBC中所生成的HAY晶体与人体骨有很大的相似性,因而会具有良好的生物活性。对力学性能测试的结果表明,随着浸泡时间的增加GBC的抗压强度逐步增加,在30天时可达到80MPa。因而GBC不仅具有良好的生物活性,而且具有一定的力学强度。     

多孔钽植入物在骨缺损中的应用进展EI北大核心CSCD

多孔金属钽具有良好的生物相容性与骨传导能力,相比于传统的金属植入物材料有较低的弹性模量与高的摩擦因数,可以避免发生应力遮挡效应且具有与人类松质骨类似的多孔结构。多孔钽的力学性能优势与优秀的生物学性能,在骨修复材料领域受到越来越多的关注,且已研发并应用于多种部位的骨缺损修复中。随着多孔钽材料制备方法的更新与多种改性方法的提出,多孔钽进一步展示了在临床应用中的广阔前景。本文从多孔钽材料的制备工艺、细胞毒性、与骨结合特性以及目前在临床的应用情况等方面,介绍多孔钽植入物在骨缺损中的应用进展,并提出了多孔钽在表面改性建立复合体系、优化制备工艺及个性化制备技术的发展方向,为多孔钽植入物在治疗骨缺损的临床应用提供参考。