聚二甲基硅氧烷渗透汽化膜改性技术研究进展

聚二甲基硅氧烷膜改性是渗透汽化领域研究的一个热点问题.综述了共聚、填充、交联、共混和表面改性等聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)渗透汽化膜改性方法及其研究进展,并且展望了渗透汽化膜的研究方向.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚丙烯酸甲酯半互穿聚合物网络结构渗透汽化膜的制备及性能

为了提高聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜的渗透汽化性能,采用一锅法制备PDMS-PMA半互穿聚合物网络结构(semi-IPN)渗透汽化膜,通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对其进行表征,并探究其溶胀性能和渗透汽化性能。结果表明,IPN结构的形成明显提高了PDMS膜的渗透汽化性能;在原料液温度为70℃、PMA含量为10%时,semi-IPN渗透汽化膜的分离因子为42.0、总通量为923 g·m~(-2)·h~(-1)。     

沸石分子筛膜渗透汽化分离机理及其影响因素研究进展

沸石分子筛膜在渗透汽化分离过程中的应用研究日益增多,对沸石分子筛膜渗透汽化分离机理及其影响因素作了简要综述,讨论了选择性吸附分离和分子筛分原理两种分离机理,其影响因素主要包括:分子筛膜表面特性、非沸石孔、操作温度、原料浓度、浓度极化等。     

ZSM-5沸石填充聚氨酯膜的制备及渗透汽化分离水中乙酸异丙酯

采用两步法制备了ZSM-5沸石填充的疏水性端羟基聚丁二烯基聚氨酯（PU）膜,用以分离水中芳香性有机物乙酸异丙酯。对该膜的化学结构、形貌及热稳定性进行了表征,并研究了ZSM-5沸石填充的PU膜的溶胀度及渗透汽化性能。结果表明：添加ZSM-5沸石后,膜的热稳定性明显提高,沸石与膜的相容性较好,且随着添加量的增加,膜的溶胀度降低,分离因子先升后降。在303 K、料液浓质量分数为1%的条件下,ZSM-5添加量为20%（质量分数）时,分离因子达到最高;同时随着料液浓度及操作温度的上升,通量和分离因子都增加。在333 K、料液质量分数为1%的条件下,PU-ZSM-5-20膜的分离因子及通量最高可达288.72 g/（m2·h）和53.21 g/（m2·h）。     

甲醇/正己烷的渗透汽化分离的研究 Ⅰ.渗透汽化膜的研制

本文研制了从甲醇／正己烷体系中分离甲醇的渗透汽化复合膜ＣＡ／ＰＡＮ（ＰＥＳ）、ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ（ＰＥＳ）。实验证明膜对该体系有较高的选择分离性和良好的渗透性，当进料甲醇浓度为３％时，渗透通量Ｊ≈０．６００ｋｇ／ｈ·ｍ２，分离因子α→∝。本文还考察了不同操作条件对膜分离性能的影响及膜的稳定性和均匀性。     

硅溶胶/PDMS渗透汽化膜的制备及分离水中正丁醇

基于乳液成膜技术,以硅溶胶为填充剂,制备了硅溶胶聚二甲基硅氧烷/PDMS杂化膜,用于分离水中正丁醇。对膜进行了FI-IR分析及形貌、热稳定性、接触角和力学性能表征;研究了硅溶胶的加入对膜渗透汽化性能的影响。结果表明,硅溶胶与PDMS基质结合良好,没有明显相界面,膜的渗透汽化性能明显提高。在料液质量分数为1%、操作温度为40℃时,随着膜中硅溶胶含量的增加,膜的分离选择性和对丁醇的渗透性均呈现先升高后下降的趋势;在硅溶胶含量为3.75%时,分离选择性高达9.03;在硅溶胶含量为7.5%时,膜对丁醇的渗透性高达2.9×10⁶Barrer。     

A型沸石分子筛膜微波合成及渗透汽化性能

引　言沸石分子筛具有均匀的分子尺寸微孔结构和良好的热稳定性、机械强度、催化作用 ,是当前无机膜材料研究的热点之一 .沸石分子筛膜合成方法主要有原位水热合成法和汽相合成法 ,应用这些方法已成功合成出Ａ型[1] 、Ｙ型[2 ] 、Ｐ型[3 ] 、ＭＦＩ等[4 ] 等沸石分子筛膜 .Ａ型沸石分子筛由于具有0 .3～ 0 .5ｎｍ的有效孔径和三维孔道结构 ,亲水性强 ,有可能在小分子气体如低碳烃类分离及有机物脱水等方面得到应用 .Ｊａｎｓｅｎ等[5] 认为晶体粒径愈大 ,产生堆积孔径愈大 ,所合成的沸石分子筛膜存在缺陷可能性愈大 .但从文献报道看 ,沸石分…     

有机/有机混合物渗透汽化分离膜材料的研究进展

综述了有机，有机混合物渗透汽化分离膜材料的最新研究进展，详细讨论了共混膜、共聚膜以及改性膜的研究情况，并对渗透汽化膜材料的研究前景进行了展望。     

HTPB基聚氨酯膜的制备及渗透汽化脱酚性能研究

采用端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、端羟基聚丁二烯–苯乙烯共聚物(HTBS)和端羟基聚丁二烯–丙烯腈共聚物(HTBN)三种软段制备了聚氨酯(PUR)膜,利用红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热分析仪、热重分析仪表征了膜的结构和热性能;并以苯酚水溶液为目标体系,考察了三种膜的溶胀性以及渗透汽化分离性能。结果表明,HTPB–PUR膜具有最大的微相分离程度和耐热性;软段中的氰基会增大膜的溶胀度;HTBS–PUR膜具有最高的渗透性,而HTPB–PUR膜选择性最好;三种膜的总渗透通量、分离因子和渗透汽化分离指数均随进料温度升高而增加。     

硅橡胶膜在渗透汽化分离中的应用及研究进展

综述了硅橡胶膜在渗透汽化分离(有机废水处理、生物发酵分离)中的应用及其制备技术(无机物填充改性、共缩聚或引入侧链基团改性)的最新研究进展.     

PDMS/陶瓷复合膜用于正丁醇-水体系的渗透汽化分离

Pervaporation has attracted considerable interest owing to its potential application in recovering biobutanol from biomass acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth. In this study, butanol was recovered from its aqueous solution using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ceramic composite pervaporation membrane. The effects of operating temperature, feed concentration, feed flow rate and operating time on the membrane pervaporation per-formance were investigated. It was found that with the increase of temperature or butanol concentration in the feed, the total flux through the membrane increased while the separation factor decreased slightly. As the feed flow rate increased, the total flux increased gradually while the separation factor changed little. At 40 C and 1% (by mass) butanol in the feed, the total flux and separation factor of the membrane reached 457.4 g•m2•h1 and 26.1, respec-tively. The membrane with high flux is suitable for recovering butanol from ABE fermentation broth.     

木质素磺酸钙/海藻酸钠渗透汽化膜的制备及性能调控

当前石化资源遇到储量有限、利用过程对环境不友好等挑战,生物质燃料乙醇作为一种替代性能源崭露头角。渗透汽化是一种分离乙醇的方式,节能、环保,开发天然高选择性渗透汽化膜成为研究热点之一。本文提出利用木质素磺酸钙（CaLS）的亲水性和成膜性,将其与天然多糖海藻酸钠（SA）进行共混,制备了不同CaLS含量的CaLS/SA交联膜。采用傅里叶红外、X射线衍射、接触角和扫描电子显微镜等方法对交联膜进行了表征和分析。结果表明,CaLS能与SA充分均匀混合,并且CaLS的加入能提高SA膜的亲水性。进一步考察了CaLS添加量和操作温度对10%水含量的乙醇溶液分离性能的影响,当CaLS/SA质量比为5%时,CaLS/SA交联膜分离因子达到2872,渗透通量达到796g/(m² · h),较纯SA膜分别提高了160%和70%,证实了CaLS在膜分离领域的应用潜力。     

Modified polydimethylsiloxane/polystyrene blended IPN pervaporation membrane for ethanol/water separation

In this article a modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) blended polystyrene (PS) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) membranes supported by Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) ultrafiltration membrane were prepared for the separation of ethanol in water by pervaporation application. The relationship between the surface characteristics of the surface‐modified PDMS membranes and their permselectivity for aqueous ethanol solutions by pervaporation are discussed. The IPN supported membranes were prepared by sequential IPN technique. The IPN supported membrane were tested for the separation performance on 10 wt % ethanol in water and were characterized by evaluating their mechanical properties, swelling behavior, density, and degree of crosslinking. The results indicated that separation performance, mechanical properties, density, and the percentage of swelling of IPN membranes were influenced by degree of crosslink density. Depending on the feed temperature, the supported membranes had separation factors between 2.03 and 6.00 and permeation rates between 81.66 and 144.03 g m^?2 h^?1. For the azeotropic water–ethanol mixture (10 wt % ethanol), the supported membrane had at 30°C a separation factor of 6.00 and a permeation rate of 85 g m^?2 h^?1. Compared to the PDMS supported membranes, the PDMS/PS IPN supported blend membrane ones had a higher selectivity but a somewhat lower permeability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Mixed matrix membranes of polydimethylsiloxane with activated carbon for ABE separation

The demand for the large-scale biofuels production is very high. The use of ethanol and butanol in flex-fuel vehicles have already been achieved, but still need improvement to decrease the gasoline-dependence. In addition to it, the preparation of ethanol and butanol by eco-friendly routes are still a challenge. The use of ABE route, in which acetone, butanol, and ethanol are prepared by fermentation of 5 or 6 carbon sugars, requires higher yields and better separation performance. The goal of this work was to evaluate the use of pervaporation through asymmetric activated carbon (AC) dispersed polymethylsiloxane membranes for the separation of ABE aqueous solution with 1 wt% total organics. The amount of the filler was varied from 0 to 3 wt%. Membranes were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, swelling in solvents, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Membrane with 1 wt% of AC membrane showed different behaviors both in thermal resistance, which was increased, and also in pervaporation separation index (PSI). In this condition, membrane total flux, separation factor, and PSI for ethanol were 13.2, 2.6, and 19.9 g m⁻² h⁻¹, so that sorption behavior and diffusion rates were changed. Thus, it was possible to modulate membrane properties.     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷渗透气化膜在丁醇分离中的应用

通过相转化法制备PVDF多孔支撑膜,在其上涂覆致密的PDMS分离层制备得到PVDF/PDMS复合膜,用于丁醇的分离纯化。以丁醇水溶液为原料液,流速为1.6 L·min^-1,丁醇浓度为15 g·L^-1,温度为37℃时, PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量为158.2 g·m^-2·h^-1,分离因子为17.3。向丁醇水溶液中按丁醇：丙酮：乙醇比例为6：3：1添加丙酮和乙醇模拟发酵液,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量升高到189.5 g·m^-2·h^-1,分离因子降低到14.8。进一步考察了以丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵液为原料液的渗透气化膜分离性能,发酵液中不存在菌体时,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为120.2 g·m^-2·h^-1和19.7,而菌体存在时,复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为122.1 g·m^-2·h^-1和16.7。与PDMS均质膜相比,PVDF/PDMS复合膜在丁醇分离过程中的分离性能有了显著的提升, 具有潜在的应用价值。     

有机/无机杂化渗透汽化优先透醇膜研究进展

渗透汽化优先透醇膜分离技术可有效解决燃料乙醇和丁醇生产中发酵产率较低的瓶颈问题,受到广泛关注。膜材料的选择与改性以及膜结构的构建是提高透醇性能的关键。有机/无机杂化膜可以实现有机和无机材料的优势互补,被认为是未来分离膜领域最重要的发展方向之一。本文扼要回顾了用于优先透醇渗透汽化分离的有机无机杂化材料,结合本文作者课题组的研究工作,重点阐述了杂化粒子的结构、粒径、界面相容性、纳微分散、负载量等因素对渗透汽化传递过程的作用机制,进一步对近年来发展的成膜新方法进行了总结。在此基础上,提出今后有机/无机杂化渗透汽化优先透醇膜研究的主要方向是发展新型纳米级、超疏水并与有机聚合物具有高度界面相容性的无机粒子,以及构建高负载量的纳微结构与超亲醇表面。     

中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离研究现状与展望

本文综述了中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离的研究进展,包括中空纤维支撑膜的制备、复合膜的制备方法、中空纤维渗透汽化膜的工业应用和中空纤维渗透汽化膜传质特性等几个方面,对这个方面所存在的问题以及今后发展方向进行了展望.     

Polyamide–imide membranes with surface immobilized cyclodextrin for butanol isomer separation via pervaporation

A novel cyclodextrin (CD) derivative, m‐xylenediamine‐β‐cyclodextrin (m‐XDA‐β‐CD), has been synthesized and used to graft β‐CD on membrane surface for the pervaporation separation of butanol isomers. The reaction mechanisms for the m‐XDA‐β‐CD synthesis and the membrane surface grafting are confirmed by FTIR and TGA. The as‐fabricated novel CD‐grafted polyamide‐imide (PAI) membranes show homogeneous morphology and significant improved separation performance as compared to the unmodified PAI membranes and PAI/CD mixed matrix membranes made of physical blends. The effects of chemical modification time and dope concentration on the asymmetric membrane have been studied. The optimal separation performance can be found with the CD‐grafted PAI membrane cast from a 22 wt % dope concentration, which exhibits a total butanol flux of 15 g/m²/h and a separation factor of 2.03. This newly developed membrane with surface‐immobilized CD may open new perspective for the development of next‐generation high‐performance pervaporation membranes for liquid separations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

Pervaporation performance of polydimethylsiloxane membranes for separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures

Crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane/polyetherimide (PDMS/PEI) composite membranes were prepared, in which asymmetric microporous PEI membrane prepared with phase inversion method was acted as the microporous supporting layer in the flat‐plate composite membrane. The different function composition of the PDMS/PEI composite membranes were characterized by reflection Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface and section of PDMS/PEI composite membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composite membranes prepared in this work were employed in pervaporation separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. Effects of feed temperature, feed composition, concentration of crosslinking agent on the separation efficiency of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures were investigated experimentally. In addition, the swelling rate and stableness of composite membrane during long time operation were studied, which should be significant for practical application. The results demonstrated that the pervaporation method could be very effective for separation of the benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009