医学超声工程现状和生物医学超声概况

医学超声工程现状和生物医学超声概况王威琪，徐智章，江源源，莫善钰（复旦大学电子工程系，上海中山医院，无锡雷声电子设备厂）１引言生物医学超声是指超声在离休或活体的生物组织中的现象、效应、作用、机制和应用。它是一门边缘学科，其原理涉及物理学、生物学、医学...     

模式识别技术在仪器仪表数字显示系统上的应用

模式识别是近年来迅速发展的一门技术，本文介绍了模式识别技术的概念、方法以及有关的数字图像处理技术，重点介绍了模式识别技术在仪器仪表数字显示系统上的应用。     

生物医学工程研究生培养新模式探索

生物医学工程是一门整合物理、数学、工程技术、生物医学科技与临床应用的跨领域工程科学,培养能够适应生物医学工程发展需要、熟悉国际规则和惯例、对生物医学产业发展具有影响力的国际化研究型、具有实践能力和创新精神的高素质复合型人才不仅符合生物医学工程专业的特点,对于满足就业市场的需求也具有十分重要的意义。研究以东北大学生物医学工程专业为例,通过生物医学工程专业研究生培养新模式的探索,找出优化的研究生培养规律和教育教学模式,在此过程中,揭示创新型人才培养的机制、方法,从而提高研究生教育的理论水平,提高教学质量和人才培养质量。     

基于TRIZ的生物医学工程仪器创新设计

为加强TRIZ在生物医学工程中的应用,促进TRIZ与生物医学工程的双向互动与发展,基于TRIZ(发明问题解决理论)的理论基础、应用与分析工具、知识数据库,研究了TRIZ在生物医学工程中一般应用规律,构建了TRIZ在该领域的一般应用流程,并将该流程应用于呼吸气体采样富集装置的设计,获得满意结果,为生物医学工程领域设计人员...     

水凝胶研究的最新进展

10余年来，有关刺激响应性水凝胶的理论和应用研究取得了长足的进展，在生物医学领域，水凝胶作为药物释放载体，软骨支架，细胞外基质更显示出巨大的应用前景。文中简要介绍了凝胶中水的特异性的研究进展，并综述了多糖和多肽凝胶的创建方法和其在组织工程中的应用。     

Φ-OTDR系统的数字信号处理及应用

相位敏感光时域反射(Φ-OTDR)传感系统具有高动态响应、高灵敏等特点，在大型工程结构健康监测领域具有巨大的应用潜力。而Φ-OTDR系统仪器化水平和工程应用很大程度上取决于数字信号处理(DSP)技术。本文对比分析了近年来Φ-OTDR系统在信号的量化、解调、抑噪以及模式识别上主要的数字信号处理方法和技术，并通过架空输电线路状态监测、埋地电缆外破预警两个应用实例，阐述了工程应用中数字信号处理与行业背景知识相结合的重要性和方法，并对Φ-OTDR系统中数字信号处理方法的发展现状和趋势进行了总结与展望。     

梯度功能材料

梯度功能材料是一种新型的复合材料,其特点是界面的成分和组织连续变化,使材料的热应力大为缓和。本文叙述了梯度功能材料的进展以及在航天、核能源、生物医学工程、电子工程等领域的应用和制备方法。     

数学模式识别方法在现代包装工程中的应用和展望

数学模式识别方法在现代包装工程中的应用和展望刘建国，陈兴国概述在客观事物中存在着许多不确切的即模糊的现象与概念，同样，在包装工程中也存在着许多的模糊概念和现象。例如在缓冲包装中，易碎品所能承受的加速度是８Ｇ、９Ｇ还是１０Ｇ？尽管在现代缓冲包装研究中把...     

模式识别在失效分析中的应用

简要介绍模式识别技术在失效分析中应用的基本情况，概括了几个主要的应用领域，分析技术难点和应用前景，试图将模式识别技术更加深入地引入到实际失效分析中去。从分析中可以看出，模式识别技术在失效分析中应用具有重要的研究价值。     

美国生物医学工程本科专业培养方案概况

作为一个多学科交叉领域，生物医学工程崛起于20世纪60年代。生命科学与工程相结合，既推动了自身的进步（方法学的创新和技术平台的建立等），又促进了社会经济的发展（形成了许多新的产业和产业领域），也创造了可观的社会效益，因而为发达国家普遍重视，甚至纳入了国家目标。美国的生物医学工程学科在全世界是最早发展起来的，目前美国的生物医学工程教育水平仍然是遥遥领先的。     

Pattern Analysis in Neuroimaging: Beyond Two-Class Categorization

One of the many advantages of multivariate pattern recognition approaches over conventional mass-univariate group analysis using voxel-wise statistical tests is their potential to provide highly sensitive and specific markers of diseases on an individual basis. However, a vast majority of imaging problems addressed by pattern recognition are viewed from the perspective of a two-class classification. In this article, we provide a summary of selected works that propose solutions to biomedical problems where the widely-accepted classification paradigm is not appropriate. These pattern recognition approaches address common challenges in many imaging studies: high heterogeneity of populations and continuous progression of diseases. We focus on diseases associated with aging and propose that clustering-based approaches may be more suitable for disentanglement of the underlying heterogeneity, while high-dimensional pattern regression methodology is appropriate for prediction of continuous and gradual clinical progression from magnetic resonance brain images.     

Clustering the science citation index using co-citations. II. Mapping science

Previous attempts to map science using the co-citation clustering methodology are reviewed, and their shortcomings analyzed. Two enhancements of the methodology presented in Part I of the paper-fractional citation counting and variable level clustering—are briefly described and a third enhancement, the iterative clustering of clusters, is introduced. When combined, these three techniques improve our ability to generate comprehensive and representative mappings of science across the multidisciplinaryScience Citation Index (SCI) data base. Results of a four step analysis of the 1979SCI are presented, and the resulting map at the fourth iteration is described in detail. The map shows a tightly integrated network of approximate disciplinary regions, unique in that for the first time links between mathematics and biomedical science have brought about a closure of the previously linear arrangement of disciplines. Disciplinary balance between biomedical and physical science has improved, and the appearance of less cited subject areas, such as mathematics and applied science, makes this map the most comprehensive one yet produced by the co-citation methodology. Remaining problems and goals for future work are discussed.     

生物机械工程研究进展

论述了生物机械工程的重要意义、研究现状、发展趋势、存在问题及对策，旨在推动我国生物机械工程的研究和学术地位的确立，推动生物医学工程学的进步，提高人民的健康水平。     

材料信息学学科理论体系的研究

系统讨论了材料信息学的学科理论体系.从材料信息学内在和外在的形成动因,谈到了学科的应用前景,从理论上分析了材料信息学的产生.从材料信息学的定义、研究对象、学科性质、研究内容等4方面论述了材料信息学的学科定位.阐述了材料信息学的学科结构,将学科结构分为基础理论、方法论、技术体系和工程应用体系4大部分.最后提出了利用现有研究基础,采取"分步实施,以点带面"的方针和思路进行材料信息学学科建设的建议.     

Mass spectrometric analysis of integral membrane proteins at the subnanomolar level: application to recombinant photopigments.

Integral membrane proteins produced by eukaryotic expression systems are a subject of much current interest in biomedical investigation. Due to the low efficiency of their expression and the limited quantity of the expressed to the total amount of the membrane proteins, they have evaded mass spectrometric analysis. The methodology previously developed for mass spectrometric analysis of integral membrane proteins required proteins that were obtained relatively pure from their native membranes. The previously developed methodology has been modified and applied to the analysis of subnanomolar samples of rhodopsin. Bovine rhodopsin purified by affinity chromatography, from native membranes and from a eukaryotic expression system, was successfully analyzed, obtaining complete sequence coverage for the detection and localization of posttranslational modifications. The methodology presented here will enable mass spectrometric analysis of subnanomolar levels of photopigments or other integral membrane proteins either from their native membranes or as products of expression systems.     

Tuning the erosion rate of artificial protein hydrogels through control of network topology

Erosion behaviour governs the use of physical hydrogels in biomedical applications ranging from controlled release to cell encapsulation. Genetically engineered protein hydrogels offer unique means of controlling the erosion rate by engineering their amino acid sequences and network topology. Here, we show that the erosion rate of such materials can be tuned by harnessing selective molecular recognition, discrete aggregation number and orientational discrimination of coiled-coil protein domains. Hydrogels formed from a triblock artificial protein bearing dissimilar helical coiled-coil end domains (P and A) erode more than one hundredfold slower than hydrogels formed from those bearing the same end domains (either P or A). The reduced erosion rate is a consequence of the fact that looped chains are suppressed because P and A tend not to associate with each other. Thus, the erosion rate can be tuned over several orders of magnitude in artificial protein hydrogels, opening the door to diverse biomedical applications.     

复合纳米生物医用材料的研究

生物医用材料领域中,细胞与材料间的相互作用是研究的主要课题.材料表面的微观结构对细胞的生物调控作用更为重要.纳米材料因具有一些独特的效应,如体积效应和表面效应,有利于细胞黏附、增殖和功能表达,因而作为生物医用材料特别是组织工程支架材料具有良好的应用前景.目前用于生物医用研究的纳米材料主要有无机纳米材料、高分子纳米材料以及复合纳米材料等.仿生纳米材料的研究和利用极大地促进了组织工程学的发展.本文就近年来纳米材料在生物医用材料尤其是组织工程支架材料中的应用研究现状进行了综述.     

Econometric analysis of biomedical research publishing patterns

An econometric-type model was developed that describes the relationship between federal biomedical funding and the number, subject area and research level (clinical to basic) of published papers in biomedical journals. The study covered federal biomedical funding over the period 1962–1979 and biomedical literature counts over the period 1965–1979. A unique feature of the model was the explicit incorporation of the citation-based interrelationships among the various subfields and research levels of biomedicine.Publication counts in a particular subject area were modeled as a function of federal funding to the area and publication activity in related subject areas. In general, publication activity in related subject areas was found to be a significant explanatory variable over and above funding alone. Moreover, clinically oriented subject areas most often had publication counts in related basic research areas as explanatory variables.     

Noise and artifact characterization of in vivo Raman spectroscopy skin measurements

In this work principal component analysis (PCA), a multivariate pattern recognition technique, is used to characterize the noise contribution of the experimental apparatus and two commonly used methods for fluorescence removal used in biomedical Raman spectroscopy measurements. These two methods are a fifth degree polynomial fitting and an iterative variation of it commonly known as the Vancouver method. The results show that the noise in Raman spectroscopy measurements is related to the spectral resolution of the measurement equipment, the intrinsic variability of the biological measurements, and the fluorescence removal algorithm used.