基于随机非负独立元分析的掌纹识别

提出运用随机非负独立元分析（SN—ICA）的新方法进行掌纹识别。为了减少计算量,运用SN-ICA算法前,先采用主元分析（PCA）算法去除掌纹图像的二阶统计特征相关性,其余的高阶非负统计特征由SN-ICA分离。首先用PCA和SN-ICA提取投影向量,然后将训练图像和待识别图像向投影向量上投影得到低维特征向量,最后计算特征...     

基于统计几何的纹理特征提取及分类算法

纹理识别是计算机视觉领域一个重要的课题,本文研究了统计几何特征(SGF)纹理分析方法并与向量机结合构建分类系统。对支持向量机(SVM)的多分类方法的实现,构建了粗分类和细分类相结合的多分类器,实现了纹理图像的准确划分,为有效纹理特征的表示奠定了基础。本文对统计几何特征提取方法进行了研究,利用图像函数图来进行纹理描述,使用一个可变的阈值把一幅灰度纹理图像切割成一系列二进制图像,由二进制图像的连通域、几何拓扑属性推导纹理描述特征。实验结果表明,统计几何特征具有非常强的纹理描述能力,同时能够克服图像的旋转。     

Image feature extraction and classification based on statistical geometrical features

纹理识别是计算机视觉领域一个重要的课题,本文研究了统计几何特征（SGF）纹理分析方法并与向量机结合构建分类系统。对支持向量机（SVM）的多分类方法的实现,构建了粗分类和细分类相结合的多分类器,实现了纹理图像的准确划分,为有效纹理特征的表示奠定了基础。本文对统计几何特征提取方法进行了研究,利用图像函数图来进行纹理描述,使用一个可变的阈值把～幅灰度纹理图像切割成一系列二进制图像,由二进制图像的连通域、几何拓扑属性推导纹理描述特征。实验结果表明,统计几何特征具有非常强的纹理描述能力,同时能够克服图像的旋转。     

基于核局部Fisher判别分析的掌纹识别

运用核局部Fisher判别分析(KLFDA)进行掌纹识别。为了解决小样本图像识别中特征方程矩阵的奇异性问题,首先运用图像下抽样方法降低掌纹空间的维数,在低维图像上应用KLF-DA提取低维的投影向量;然后将训练图像和待识别图像的核矩阵向投影向量上投影,得到非线性局部判别特征;最后计算特征向量间的余弦距离,进行掌纹匹配。运用PolyU掌纹图像库对算法进行测试,实验结果表明,与主元分析(PCA)、Fisher判别分析(FDA)、独立元分析(ICA)、核主元分析(KPCA)和局部Fisher判别分析(LFDA)相比,本文算法的识别率(RR)最高为99%,特征提取和匹配总时间0.031 s,满足实时系统的要求。     

基于K-L交叉熵的岭回归人脸识别

岭回归人脸识别利用正则单形的顶点对每类人脸进行多元标记,通过投影实现高维人脸特征的降维。该算法首先提取人脸图像的局部二进制（LBP）直方图特征向量,通过主成分分析（PCA）和岭回归对该特征向量进行两次降维。识别阶段利用K-L交叉熵计算标记向量和投影后特征向量的相似性,根据熵值最小原则完成对测试样本的类别判断。实验选取ORL和YALE两个标准人脸库对算法进行测试,结果表明,K-L交叉熵测度比传统的欧氏距离测度获得更高的识别率。     

基于支撑向量机的多媒体图像半结构化技术研究

多媒体图像半结构化处理具有广泛的应用前景,已成为研究的一个热点。针对SVG以非结构化方式描述图像的局限性,利用图像整体与局部、局部与局部相似性,研究大容量和粗纹理等复杂图片中的各个局部实体对象及关系,以SVG指令集与图像描述的所有标记为基础,本文以经验模态分解EMD方法和Lagrangemultiplier乘子为基础,研究一种多层次自适应分解的图像半结构化分离算法,分离二进制光栅图像转换为XGML的半结构化文档;研究一种基于支撑向量机SVM的XGML文档优化与压缩算法,以得到存储空间较少基于XGML半结构化图像文档。该研究成果将解决基于大容量和粗纹理等典型的古建筑图片或文物图片快速载入、展示、基于图像内容的定位和检索所涉及的关键问题。     

一种基于投影的小波矩及其在图像识别中的应用

该文提出了一种基于图像投影的小波不变量算法。首先将图像投影到一维空间,然后引入一种平移和比例不变自适应一维小波变换,利用该变换获得图像的平移和比例不变特征。由于图像的旋转导致特征矩阵发生行之间的循环平移,该文利用奇异值分解进行研究,得到的奇异值向量具有图像的3个不变性。实验分析表明,本文方法具有较好的图像识别效果。     

基于支持向量机的车牌定位方法

车牌定位是汽车牌照自动识别系统中的关键步骤。对车牌定位文体进行研究,提出一种基于支持向量机的定位方法。首先将图像分割为N×N大小的子块,提取每个子块的灰度特征,训练SVM分类器;然后用训练好的分类器进行牌照子块和非牌照子块的分类,再使用数学形态学滤波和区域合并;最后运用投影方法定位牌照区域。实验结果表明,该方法能正确定位牌照区域。     

基于积分投影的图像快速配准算法研究

提出了一种基于积分投影技术的抗噪声实时图像配准算法.该算法通过将图像序列中的每一帧图像分别沿水平和垂直方向进行积分投影形成两个积分投影向量,并应用基于梯度的一维平移估计技术处理,从而精确地获取二维空间上的平移量.实验证明,该算法具有较好的抗噪声性能和较小的计算量,尤其适合硬件实时实现.     

在司机疲劳监控中的人眼状态检测方法研究

主要研究了在确定了司机眉眼区域的基础上进行人眼定位和状态检测的方法,首先将获取的眉眼区域图像分为4都分,然后分别计算复杂度并选取其中复杂度最大的部分,对其进行积分投影和方差投影相结合的混合投影,最后根据几何特征来判断人眼的状态.     

Nd:YVO4激光对蚕豆细胞生物学效应的研究

本试验采用Nd YVO4 激光照射蚕豆已萌发的种子。Nd YVO4 激光照射的时间分别为5min .10min .15min。对照射后蚕豆根尖下细胞中的染色体损伤情况进行了研究。经Nd YVO4 激光照射后,蚕豆根尖细胞中的染色体的畸变类型有染色体桥,断片,落后染色体,微核。经Nd YVO4 激光照射后,蚕豆根尖细胞中有丝分裂指数随着照射的时间的延长而降低。试验结果表明,Nd YVO4 激光对蚕豆根尖细胞染色体和有丝分裂有明显影响。     

染色体质心、惯性主轴及旋转算法的研究

染色体图像的质心位置、惯性主轴以及旋转是染色体图像分析的重要内容之一.本文提出了用染色体轮廓求质心位置和惯性主轴的方法,它比用质心和惯性主轴的定义计算,提高了运算速度.为了把染色体垂直放置,必须使它旋转.分析结果表明,坐标轴旋转比染色体旋转更能保存染色体图像的原貌.     

Maximum-likelihood techniques for joint segmentation-classification of multispectral chromosome images

Traditional chromosome imaging has been limited to grayscale images, but recently a 5-fluorophore combinatorial labeling technique (M-FISH) was developed wherein each class of chromosomes binds with a different combination of fluorophores. This results in a multispectral image, where each class of chromosomes has distinct spectral components. In this paper, we develop new methods for automatic chromosome identification by exploiting the multispectral information in M-FISH chromosome images and by jointly performing chromosome segmentation and classification. We (1) develop a maximum-likelihood hypothesis test that uses multispectral information, together with conventional criteria, to select the best segmentation possibility; (2) use this likelihood function to combine chromosome segmentation and classification into a robust chromosome identification system; and (3) show that the proposed likelihood function can also be used as a reliable indicator of errors in segmentation, errors in classification, and chromosome anomalies, which can be indicators of radiation damage, cancer, and a wide variety of inherited diseases. We show that the proposed multispectral joint segmentation-classification method outperforms past grayscale segmentation methods when decomposing touching chromosomes. We also show that it outperforms past M-FISH classification techniques that do not use segmentation information.     

Subspace-based prototyping and classification of chromosome images.

Chromosomes are essential genomic information carriers. Chromosome classification constitutes an important part of routine clinical and cancer cytogenetics analysis. Cytogeneticists perform visual interpretation of banded chromosome images according to the diagrammatic models of various chromosome types known as the ideograms, which mimic artists' depiction of the chromosomes. In this paper, we present a subspace-based approach for automated prototyping and classification of chromosome images. We show that 1) prototype chromosome images can be quantitatively synthesized from a subspace to objectively represent the chromosome images of a given type or population, and 2) the transformation coefficients (or projected coordinate values of sample chromosomes) in the subspace can be utilized as the extracted feature measurements for classification purposes. We examine in particular the formation of three well-known subspaces, namely the ones derived from principal component analysis (PCA), Fisher's linear discriminant analysis, and the discrete cosine transform (DCT). These subspaces are implemented and evaluated for prototyping two-dimensional (2-D) images and for classification of both 2-D images and one-dimensional profiles of chromosomes. Experimental results show that previously unseen prototype chromosome images of high visual quality can be synthesized using the proposed subspace-based method, and that PCA and the DCT significantly outperform the well-known benchmark technique of weighted density distribution functions in classifying 2-D chromosome images.     

应用DGD包埋去包埋剂电镜方法研究染色体骨架

我们将染色体骨架制备方法与非树脂包埋去包埋剂超薄切片电镜方法结合起来，直观地显示染色体骨架的内部结构，分离的染色体骨架保持了与正常染色体对应的形状和大小，染色体骨架是一贯穿于整个染色体中的纤维网架结构，而不是位于染色体核心的轴，实验结果表明，ＤＧＤ包埋去包埋剂超薄切片电镜方法是研究染色体骨架微结构的有力手段。     

Cascaded differential and wavelet compression of chromosome images

This paper proposes a new method for chromosome image compression based on an important characteristic of these images: the regions of interest (ROIs) to cytogeneticists for evaluation and diagnosis are well determined and segmented. Such information is utilized to advantage in our compression algorithm, which combines lossless compression of chromosome ROIs with lossy-to-lossless coding of the remaining image parts. This is accomplished by first performing a differential operation on chromosome ROIs for decorrelation, followed by critically sampled integer wavelet transforms on these regions and the remaining image parts. The well-known set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) (Said and Perlman, 1996) algorithm is modified to generate separate embedded bit streams for both chromosome ROIs and the rest of the image that allow continuous lossy-to-lossless compression of both (although lossless compression of the former is commonly used in practice). Experiments on two sets of sample chromosome spread and karyotype images indicate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms current compression techniques used in commercial karyotyping systems and JPEG-2000 compression, which does not provide the desirable support for lossless compression of arbitrary ROIs.     

A multichannel watershed-based segmentation method for multispectral chromosome classification

Multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization M-FISH is a recently developed chromosome imaging technique where each chromosome class appears to have a distinct color. This technique not only facilitates the detection of subtle chromosomal aberrations but also makes the analysis of chromosome images easier; both for human inspection and computerized analysis. In this paper, a novel method for segmentation and classification of M-FISH chromosome images is presented. The segmentation is based on the multichannel watershed transform in order to define regions of similar spatial and spectral characteristics. Then, a Bayes classifier, task-specific on region classification, is applied. Our method consists of four basic steps: 1 computation of the gradient magnitude of the image, 2 application of the watershed transform to decompose the image into a set of homogenous regions, 3 classification of each region, and 4 merging of similar adjacent regions. The method is evaluated using a publicly available chromosome image database and the obtained overall accuracy is 82.4%. By introducing the classification of each watershed region, the proposed method achieves substantially better results compared to other methods at a lower computational cost. The combination of the multichannel segmentation and the region-based classification is found to improve the overall classification accuracy compared to pixel-by-pixel approaches.     

量子遗传进化算法的收敛性研究

量子遗传算法建立在量子的态矢量表达基础上,染色体的编码用量子比特的几率幅表示,使得一条染色体表达多个态的叠加,再利用量子门实现染色体更新操作,从而达到目标的优化求解.它具有种群规模小而不影响算法性能,收敛速度快和全局优化能力强等特点.但是遗传算法的随机性不好把握,收敛方向不好控制,针对遗传算法的种种问题,通过多种方法来对收敛性进行研究.     

激光微束显微切割植物染色体的研究

激光微束是六十年代激光技术问世后在生物学和医学领域中出现的一项新技术。该技术利用激光方向性好、光色单一和亮度高等独一无二的特点,把激光束通过光路系统引入显微镜并聚焦成很小的光点对细胞或细胞器进行精细的细胞或亚细胞水平的显微外科术。染色体是细胞核里一种极重要的结构。每一种真核生物都有一定数目的染色体;每条染色体上都有排列次序一定的基因。任何染色体数目的变化和染色体上基因排列次序的变化,都会引起生物遗传性的变异。激光微束遗传操作真核生物染色体是激光生物学中重要和活跃的研究课题。Berns等以两栖类和哺乳动物细胞为材料进行了激光显微照射染色体及其子细胞遗传分析的大量研究。梁宏等用氩离子激光显微切割长鼻(鼠菐)培养细胞有丝分裂染色体或使受照染色体区域DNA失活都取得了成功。Monajembashi和Cremer建立了用激光微束显微切割人淋巴细胞染色体的技术。本文报道用激光微束切割高等植物染色体的实验结果,其目的是建立起对农作物染色体进行激光遗传操作的有效技术方法。     

On-substrate lysis treatment combined with scanning probe microscopy revealed chromosome structures in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

The proper function of the genome largely depends on the higher-order architecture of the chromosome. To understand the detailed chromosome structure in a native state, we developed an on-substrate procedure of subcellular fractionation suitable for the observation by atomic force microscopy (AFM). HeLa cells on a coverslip were successively treated with a detergent and a high-salt solution to remove the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic materials. A closer observation of the nucleus by AFM revealed that the interphase chromosome is composed of a granular unit of approximately 80 nm in diameter. Subsequent mild treatment with deoxyribonuclease I (10 U ml(-1)) exposed these units more clearly, which enabled us to uncover the 80-nm granules forming a fibre of approximately 80 nm width. In the cytoplasmic regions, cytoskeletal fibres with varying widths (10-70 nm) were observed. These observations suggest that the 80 nm granular fibre is a fundamental structural unit of the interphase chromosome. This on-substrate procedure was also applied to Escherichia coli. Cells attached on a coverslip were successively treated with lysozyme and detergent to partially release the nucleoid onto the substrate. The AFM observation revealed that the approximately 80 nm fundamental structural unit forms a granular fibre similar to that of HeLa cells. These results suggest that the fundamental mechanism of chromosome packing is common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.