湿度对油烟中易挥发有机化合物吸附的影响

主要研究了甲醛、乙醛和苯在有机硅烷KH560和1706改性活性炭(AC)表面的脱附活化能,并通过透过曲线实验测定了不同湿度对三者在改性活性炭上吸附的影响,最后用光电子能谱(XPS)分析材料表面的亲水基团和憎水基团比例的变化。结果表明,采用有机硅烷改性活性炭可提高材料的憎水性,在较高湿度下(RH60%),三者在未改性活性炭固定床穿透时间减少得最多,1706/AC固定床次之,KH560/AC固定床最小;程序升温脱附(TPD)实验表明,用有机硅烷改性活性炭可以削弱水和活性炭表面的结合力,增强与甲醛、乙醛和苯的结合力。通过XPS分析,与未改性活性炭相比,经有机硅烷改性的活性炭,其憎水性得到提高。     

金属离子改性活性炭对二氯甲烷脱附活化能的影响

主要研究了金属离子改性活性炭对二氯甲烷脱附活化能的影响。通过浸渍法分别将6种不同金属离子负载在活性炭表面,采用ASAP 2010M测定该系列改性活性炭的孔径分布和比表面积,利用程序升温脱附技术测定了二氯甲烷在系列改性活性炭上的脱附活化能,应用软硬酸碱理论分析和讨论了活性炭表面负载不同金属离子对二氯甲烷脱附活化能的影响。结果表明,二氯甲烷在Al(Ⅲ)/SY-6AC、Li(Ⅰ)/SY-6AC、Mg(Ⅱ)/SY-6AC、Fe(Ⅲ)/SY-6AC和Ca(Ⅱ)/SY-6AC的脱附活化能高于其在原始活性炭上的脱附活化能,而它在 Ag(Ⅰ)/SY-6AC的脱附活化能低于在原始活性炭上的脱附活化能。根据软硬酸碱理论分类,二氯甲烷属硬碱,当活性炭表面分别负载了硬酸类金属离子Al³⁺、Li⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe³⁺和Ca²⁺,则增大了表面局部硬酸度,提高了对二氯甲烷的吸附能力; Ag⁺ 属软酸,当活性炭表面负载了Ag⁺,则降低了活性炭表面局部硬酸度,从而降低了对二氯甲烷的吸附能力。     

二种估算苯酚在改性活性炭上脱附活化能模型

应用程序升温吸附(TPD)技术分别测定了苯酚在空白活性炭以及负载Fe3+,Ag+的活性炭上TPD曲线,并采用理想TPD模型和改进的TPD模型估算苯酚在这些吸附材料上的脱附活化能,讨论了吸附材料表面负载Fe3+,Ag+对苯酚脱附活化能的影响。结果表明:采用改进的TPD模型估算得到的脱附活化能要低于理想TPD模型估算得到的活化能4.9%—5.9%,这是由于理想TPD模型忽略了脱附过程中可能出现的吸附质被再吸附现象。苯酚从负载硬酸Fe3+活性炭表面上脱附活化能大于其从原始活性炭表面脱附的活化能,而它从负载属于软酸的Ag+的活性炭表面上脱附所需的活化能小于其从空白活性炭表面脱附的活化能。     

IGC技术表征HFC-134a在改性活性炭上的吸附特性

在323. 15～373. 15 K温度区间,采用反相气相色谱(IGC)技术分别测定了四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)在酸改性、碱改性、盐改性前后活性炭上的吸附热及脱附活化能,绘制了脱附曲线。结果表明,改性前,HFC-134a在活性炭上吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-31. 889,-31. 554 k J/mol;酸改性后,活性炭对HFC-134a的吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-49. 788,-51. 600 k J/mol;碱改性后,活性炭对HFC-134a的吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-46. 567,-57. 206 k J/mol;盐改性后,活性炭对HFC-134a的吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-42. 259,-43. 462 k J/mol。     

IGC技术表征HFC-134a在改性活性炭上的吸附特性

在323. 15～373. 15 K温度区间,采用反相气相色谱(IGC)技术分别测定了四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)在酸改性、碱改性、盐改性前后活性炭上的吸附热及脱附活化能,绘制了脱附曲线。结果表明,改性前,HFC-134a在活性炭上吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-31. 889,-31. 554 k J/mol;酸改性后,活性炭对HFC-134a的吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-49. 788,-51. 600 k J/mol;碱改性后,活性炭对HFC-134a的吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-46. 567,-57. 206 k J/mol;盐改性后,活性炭对HFC-134a的吸附热和脱附活化能分别为-42. 259,-43. 462 k J/mol。     

低挥发性有机物脱附活化能估算模型

提出了一种新的低挥发性有机物程序升温脱附(TPD)活化能估算模型.与经典 TPD 模型相比,所提出的新的 TPD理论模型不仅考虑了脱附过程中存在的吸附质分子再吸附现象的影响,而且还考虑了脱附分子在吸附剂孔内扩散的影响.通过 TPD 实验,运用所建立的活化能估算模型,技术测定了二苯并呋喃在 Norit RB1、Monolith 和 Chemviron三种活性炭上的脱附活化能.结果表明经典TPD 模型所估算出来的二苯并呋喃的活化能要比非线性 TPD 模型估算结果偏高约8.2%～9.6%,这表明脱附过程中存在吸附质分子再吸附现象和内扩散过程对脱附活化能有一定的影响.     

程序升温脱附活化能估算新模型

以吸附过程本征动力学模型为基础,提出了一种新的TPD非线性活化能估算模型.与经典TPD模型相比,这种新的TPD理论模型考虑了脱附过程中存在的吸附质分子再吸附现象的影响,更接近实际的脱附过程.采用TPD实验技术测定了二苯并呋喃在Norit RB1、Monolith和Chemviron 3种活性炭上、不同升温速率下的程序升温脱附图谱.以这些TPD图谱为基础,分别采用经典TPD模型和TPD非线性模型计算了二苯并呋喃在3种活性炭上的脱附活化能.结果表明,经典TPD模型所估算出来的二苯并呋喃的活化能要偏高TPD非线性模型估算结果约8％～12％,脱附过程中存在吸附质分子再吸附现象对脱附活化能有较大的影响.     

活性炭脱附方法的探讨

对活性炭的几种脱附方法进行了阐述,分析了不同吸附质的脱附方式,结合脱附活化能的知识建立了模型,并对脱附技术提出了节能、环保的发展要求.     

噻吩、苯和正辛烷在NaY和CeY分子筛上的热脱附

采用智能质量分析仪(IGA),利用程序升温脱附法(TPD)研究了噻吩、苯和正辛烷在NaY和CeY分子筛上的热脱附行为,测定了升温速率为15 K/min时3种吸附质在NaY和CeY上的热重(TG)和微分热重(DTG)曲线。结果表明,3种吸附质在NaY上脱附比较容易,苯和正辛烷在CeY上脱附也很容易,但噻吩在CeY上脱附比较困难,噻吩有一部分不能完全脱附。CeY对噻吩具有较好的吸附选择性,而NaY的吸附选择性不好。     

高导热系数活性炭的制备及其性能

基于传统的活性炭导热系数低,在脱附过程中容易产生局部过热现象,导致燃烧降低再生效率等问题,文章采用了在核桃壳原料中掺杂膨胀石墨制备高导热系数复合活性炭,分别考察了活化温度、活化时间、活化剂用量及膨胀石墨用量等不同工艺参数对活性炭结构性能的影响,对活性炭的比表面积、总孔容等进行了表征,结果表明:高导热系数活性炭的导热系数比普通活性炭提高了6倍。其直接热脱附床层温度低于实验室制备的普通活性炭25℃,同时,其甲苯脱附活化能为50.81 kJ/mol,低于在商业活性炭上的脱附活化能(68.01 kJ/mol)25%以上。保持良好的吸附性能的同时又具有很好的再生脱附效果,在活性炭脱附再生方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

相对湿度对甲醛在改性活性炭上吸附的影响

This work mainly involves the study of effect of relative humidity on adsorption of formaldehyde on the activated carbons modified with organosilane solution. Modification of activated carbons was carded out by impregnating activated carbon with organosilane/methanol-containing solutions. The breakthrough curves of formaldehyde in the packed beds of original and modified activated carbons were measured, respectively, at relative humidity of 30%, 60%, and 80%. Temperature-programmed desorption （TPD） experiments were used to estimate the activation energy for desorption of formaldehyde from the activated carbon. Results showed that the relative humidity had strongly influence on breakthrough curves of formaldehyde in the packed beds. The higher the relative humidity of gas mixtures through the packed beds was, the smaller the breakthrough time of formaldehyde became. The use of organosilane compounds to modify surfaces of the activated carbon can enhance the interaction between formaldehyde and the surfaces, and as a result, the breakthrough times of formaldehyde in the packed beds of the modified activated carbon were longer than that in the packed bed of the unmodified activated carbon.     

Effect of textural property of coconut shell-based activated carbon on desorption activation energy of benzothiophene

In this work, the effect of the textural property of activated carbons on desorption activation energy and adsorption capacity for benzothiophene (BT) was investigated. BET surface areas and the textural parameters of three kinds of the activated carbons, namely SY-6, SY-13 and SY-19, were measured with an ASAP 2010 instrument. The desorption activation energies of BT on the activated carbons were determined by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Static adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the isotherms of BT on the activated carbons. The influence of the textural property of the activated carbons on desorption activation energy and the adsorption capacity for BT was discussed. Results showed that the BET surface areas of the activated carbons, SY-6, SY-13 and SY-19 were 1106, 1070 and 689 m²g^-1, respectively, and their average pore diameters were 1.96, 2.58 and 2.16 nm, respectively. The TPD results indicated that the desorption activation energy of BT on the activated carbons, SY-6, SY-19 and SY-13 were 58.84, 53.02 and 42.57 KJ/mol, respectively. The isotherms showed that the amount of BT adsorbed on the activated carbons followed the order of SY-6 > SY-19 > SY-13. The smaller the average pore diameter of the activated carbon, the stronger its adsorption for BT and the higher the activation energy required for BT desorption on its surface. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model can be properly used to formulate the adsorption behavior of BT on the activated carbons.     

Effect of textural property of coconut shell-based activated carbon on desorption activation energy of benzothiophene

In this work, the effect of the textural property of activated carbons on desorption activation energy and adsorption capacity for benzothiophene (BT) was investigated. BET surface areas and the textural parameters of three kinds of the activated carbons, namely SY-6, SY-13 and SY-19, were measured with an ASAP 2010 instrument. The desorption activation energies of BT on the activated carbons were determined by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Static adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the isotherms of BT on the activated carbons. The influence of the textural property of the activated carbons on desorption activation energy and the adsorption capacity for BT was discussed. Results showed that the BET surface areas of the activated carbons, SY-6, SY-13 and SY-19 were 1106, 1070 and 689 m²·g⁻¹, respectively, and their average pore diameters were 1.96, 2.58 and 2.16 nm, respectively. The TPD results indicated that the desorption activation energy of BT on the activated carbons, SY-6, SY-19 and SY-13 were 58.84, 53.02 and 42.57 KJ/mol, respectively. The isotherms showed that the amount of BT adsorbed on the activated carbons followed the order of SY-6 > SY-19 > SY-13. The smaller the average pore diameter of the activated carbon, the stronger its adsorption for BT and the higher the activation energy required for BT desorption on its surface. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model can be properly used to formulate the adsorption behavior of BT on the activated carbons. __________ Translated from Journal of Functional Materials, 2007, 38(10): 1664–1668 [译自: 功能材料]     

热改性活性炭吸附有机气体的性能

根据热重分析结果,确定了活性炭热改性的温度条件;采用Boehm滴定、傅式转换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、比表面积分析仪对活性炭表面物化性质进行了测试;以甲苯、丙酮、二氯乙烷、甲醇为吸附质,在283K下进行了固定床吸附实验,探讨了改性前后活性炭表面结构变化与吸附量之间的关系,同时计算了相应的动力学参数和吸附能。实验结果表明,热改性可以改善活性炭的孔径分布和改变表面官能团的分布,吸附量与有效孔容呈明显的线性关系;一阶动力学方程和二阶动力学方程均可描述四种吸附质在活性炭上的吸附过程;孔内扩散模型表明改性活性炭对有机气体的吸附速率均大于未改性活性炭;四种吸附质在活性炭上的吸附能均小于20kJ?mol-1,表明活性炭对四种有机气体以物理吸附为主。     

Adsorption Isotherms,Kinetics, and Desorption of 1,2-Dichloroethane on Chromium-Based Metal Organic Framework MIL-101

Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of 1,2-dichloroethane on a chromium-based metal-organic framework MIL-101 were studied. Desorption activation energies of 1,2-dichloroethane on the MIL-101 were measured using temperature program desorption (TPD) experiments. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of the MIL-101 for 1,2-dichloroethane is 19 mmol/g at 288 K, being much higher than those of some activated carbon, zeolite, and MWCNTs. The isotherms of 1,2-dichloroethane were well fitted by the Langmuir equation. The isosteric heat and diffusion coefficients of 1,2-dichloroethane adsorption on the MIL-101 were separately within the range of 42.0–61.6 kJ/mol and range of 0.854–2.246 × 10^?10 cm²/s. TPD spectra exhibited two types of adsorption sites on the MIL-101 with desorption activation energy of 48.6 and 87.6 kJ/mol separately. Multiple recycle runs of 1,2-dichloroethane adsorption-desorption at 298 K (10 mbar for adsorption and 0.05 mbar for desorption) showed the 1,2-dichloroethane adsorption on the MIL-101 is highly reversible, and desorption efficiency is up to 98.42%.