序批式反应器中反硝化除磷脱氮的研究

为了提高污水脱氮除磷的效率,研究采用序批式反应器(SBR工艺)厌氧、好氧和缺氧(AOA)的运行方式富集反硝化聚磷菌(DPB),实现同步脱氮除磷。结果表明:在好氧段投加甲醇作为碳源(25—40 mg/L)可有效抑制好氧吸磷,对硝化反应影响较小,能够在缺氧段实现同时反硝化脱氮除磷。SBR反应器稳定运行10个月,当进水NH4+-N、PO43--P分别为30,15 mg/L时,总氮(TN)和PO43--P的平均去除率分别为82.5%和92.1%。聚磷菌能够利用硝酸盐作为电子受体,DPB占总聚磷菌的比例达到44.8%。与A2O运行方式相比,AOA运行方式更有利于实现DPB的富集。     

厌氧序批式反应器的特征与应用

厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)作为一种新型的高效厌氧反应器具有污泥持留量高、水力停留时间短、处理效率高等优点,可以单独或与其他工艺相结合有效的处理食品加工废水、家畜饲养废水、屠宰场废水等高浓度有机废水．还可以应用于处理城市污水和低浓度工业废水。介绍ASBR的工艺特点,国内外研究概况,并对ASBR的应用现状和发展前景进行了分析．认为ASBR反应器在我国的废水处理中有良好的应用前景。     

序批式生物反应器中自生动态膜的成分与结构分析

通过粒度分布仪、扫描电镜等对最佳工况条件下的序批式生物反应器中动态膜结构成分及过滤性能进行了测定分析,用能量色散X射线荧光法(EDX)分析了动态膜的元素组成,结果表明：动态膜中滤饼层质量为39.2g·m-2,其中胶体、挥发性悬浮颗粒物、无机物含量分别为5.7 g·m-2、 26.5g·m-2、 7.0 g·m-2;自生动态膜为多孔状结构,具有较高的孔隙率,可以清晰的观察到丝状菌夹杂在动态膜内,起到了骨架作用;动态膜内主要以70μm～130μm的颗粒为主;O、K、Na、Ca、P、S、Cl、Mg、Si等为动态膜成分的主要元素。     

厌氧生物处理新工艺——厌氧序批式反应器

形成颗粒污泥和可以在常温下处理低浓度废水是厌氧序批式反应器的两个基本特征。文中讨论了厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)的进水时间与反应时间之比、碱度和温度对ASBR运行的影响以及ASBR一个运行周期中各时间段的确定。     

序批式膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性

研究了中试规模序批式膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性.发现其对COD_Cr、NH₃-N及TN的去除效果可分别达到95.0%、96.3%及38.0%;过膜阻力增加率为1.032 kPa•m^-1.TN去除率偏低的主要原因在于缺少搅拌装置,在静置阶段时,污泥大部分沉积在反应器底部（系统运行期间30 min沉降比均低于40%）,从而使反硝化细菌不能充分与水溶液中的NO_x-N接触.采用空间排阻液相色谱法对混合液及膜污染物进行分子量分布测定,发现大量大分子物质在反应器内、膜面及膜孔内积累,相对分子质量大于10⁴的有机物分别占64.0%、38.0%.经过物理及化学清洗,膜通量恢复了73.4%,多糖含量为清洗前的30.4%,说明多糖是造成不可逆污染的主要物质.     

微生物固定化序批式反应器处理腈纶废水影响因素研究

以某大型化纤厂实际腈纶废水为研究对象,构建了填装有纳米凹凸棒复合亲水性聚氨脂泡沫载体的微生物固定化序批式反应器(SBBR),考察了HRT、DO、碱度、外加碳源对反应器处理效果的影响,并确定了最佳工艺参数:1腈纶废水生化处理在HRT为48 h,DO质量浓度为2~4 mg/L时,CODCr、NH_3-N的处理效果较好,更长的72 h对腈纶废水处理效果影响不大;2在HRT为48 h,DO质量浓度为2~4 mg/L时,最佳碳酸氢钠投加量为0.4 g/L,此时稳定阶段出水的CODCr平均质量浓度为318.5 mg/L,NH_3-N平均质量浓度为10.2 mg/L;3黏胶废水作为外加碳源与腈纶废水以实际产生量4∶1进行耦合处理,结果表明,耦合处理对CODCr去除作用不大,而NH_3-N的去除效果显著增加,实际容积去除负荷是理论容积去除负荷的1.58倍,出水NH_3-N的平均质量浓度为0.5 mg/L。     

膜-序批式生物反应器膜过滤特性研究

采用中空纤维膜-序批式生物反应器(HF-MSBR)和双功能膜-序批式生物反应器(DF-MSBR)处理实际洗浴污水,在不排泥条件下考察了系统对污染物的去除效果及膜的过滤特性。结果表明,两系统污染物去除效果良好,COD、浊度等平均去除率分别达到95.2%和88.4%、99.6%和96.9%;DF-MSBR系统中聚乙烯膜组件对COD的强化去除作用不明显,但对浊度的强化去除作用显著,通过膜曝气可以使膜通量具有一定程度的恢复,但膜过滤性能仍不稳定,膜污染发展速度较快,过滤周期较短;HF-MSBR系统出水COD优于DF-MSBR,出水浊度小于1NTU,在运行期间膜过滤阻力上升缓慢,平均上升速率远远小于DF-MSBR系统。     

厌氧序批式反应器快速启动的影响因素述评

厌氧序批式反应器是第三代新型高速厌氧反应器,其快速启动运行规律的研究相对较少。总结了目前国内外关于ASBR快速启动的研究进展情况,并结合试验成果,论述了ASBR快速启动的影响因素,包括运行方式、搅拌、种泥类型、投加物、反应器构型等方面,以及当前研究中存在的问题。     

序批式生物反应器工艺脱氮除磷过程控制参数

为了实现序批式生物反应器(SBR)的自动控制,利用SBR工艺厌氧-好氧-缺氧(AOA)的运行方式处理模拟废水,考察溶解氧(DO)、p H值及氧化还原电位(ORP)作为各反应阶段终止(包括厌氧释磷、好氧硝化、曝气、好氧吸磷和缺氧反硝化)控制参数的可行性。结果表明:厌氧段,p H值与ORP曲线下降至平台的转折点对应厌氧释磷的终点;好氧段,p H值曲线的最低点对应硝化作用的终点,p H值、DO与ORP在硝化结束后均上升至一个稳定的平台,三者结合来判断曝气时间的结束以及好氧吸磷的终点;缺氧段,ORP曲线的最低点对应反硝化作用的终点。DO,p H值与ORP的特征点可以作为SBR工艺脱氮除磷的过程控制参数。     

序批式生物反应器好厌氧比对自生动态膜结构及成分的影响

分别在4种好氧厌氧时间比(3∶1,2 ∶1,1∶1,1∶2)的序批式操作条件下借助于电子显微镜、粒径分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪等分析手段对反应器内自生动态膜的结构及成分进行了研究.结果表明:形成的动态膜(dynamic membrane,DM)中滤饼层质量依次为38.12,40.27,42.84,44.73 g·m-2,...     

SBR工艺除磷过程与种群结构在线监测

For efficient energy consumption and control of effluent quality, the cycle duration for a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) needs to be adjusted by real-time control according to the characteristics and loading of wastewater. In this study, an on-line information system for phosphorus removal processes was established. Based on the analysis for four systems with different ecological community structures and two operation modes, anaerobic-aerobic process and anaerobic-anaerobic process, the characteristic patterns of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH were related to phosphorous dynamics in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic phases, for determination of the end of phosphorous removal. In the operation mode of anaerobic-aerobic process, the pH profile in the anaerobic phase was used to estimate the relative amount of phosphorous accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which is beneficial to early detection of ecology community shifts. The on-line sensor values of pH and ORP may be used as the parameters to adjust the duration for phosphorous removal and community shifts to cope with influent variations and maintain appropriate operation conditions.     

SBR工艺的现状与发展

序批式间歇活性污泥法(SBR)是近年来应用日趋广泛的一种污水处理工艺,在SBR工艺的基础上,又发展了一些SBR的变型工艺,例如ICEAS工艺、CASS工艺、UNITANK工艺、ASBR工艺、BSBR工艺等。今后应加强SBR工艺中微生物的研究和可靠的工程设计模式的探讨。     

Process Control of an Alternating Aerobic‐Anoxic Sequencing Batch Reactor for Nitrogen Removal via Nitrite

Nitrogen removal via nitrite is a novel technology and is becoming popular for engineering applications since it results in a saving of the aeration energy required for nitritation and external carbon sources for denitritation. An alternating aerobic‐anoxic (AAA) operational pattern was applied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and achieve partial nitrification via nitrite from industrial wastewater with influent alkalinity deficiencies. The results showed that the online monitoring of the pH‐time variations during nitrification could indicate if the alkalinity was sufficient and when the ammonia nitrogen was completely oxidized. Under conditions of deficient influent alkalinity, the AAA process reduced the external alkalinity and the carbon sources addition and improved the effluent quality with ammonia nitrogen concentration below the detection limits. Half of the alkalinity previously consumed during aerobic nitrification could be recovered during the subsequent anoxic denitrification period. If the cycles of alternating aerobic/anoxic were repeated more than twice, the first nitrification cycle was stopped when the pH decreased by 0.4–0.5. The middle nitrification was terminated when the pH decreased by 0.8–1.0, and the final nitrification duration was controlled by the dissolved oxygen (DO) breakpoint and ammonia valley on the pH profile. Each anoxic time‐scale for denitrification was determined by the nitrate knee on the oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) profile and the nitrate apex on the pH profiles. In comparison to the conventional SBR process, the AAA process with a real‐time control strategy resulted in an improved nitrogen removal efficiency of greater than 97 % under conditions of deficient influent alkalinity. Moreover, nitrogen removal via nitrite was achieved with a nitrite accumulation rate above 95 %.     

序批式活性污泥法处理城市污水试验研究

广州市城市污水具有有机物浓度低,碳、氮、磷比不合理的特点。采用序批式活性污泥法工艺对广州地区城市污水进行了实验研究。结果表明:在污泥负荷为0.14～0.26kg犤BOD5犦/(kg犤MLSS犦·d)时,出水BOD5为5.12～13.6mg/L,CODCr浓度为10.7～32.2mg/L,NH3-N为2.83～9.23mg/L,TP为0.1～0.45mg/L,证明了采用SBR工艺处理碳氮比较低的城市污水是可行的。     

混凝-SBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

:对混凝-SBR工艺处理生活垃圾渗滤液进行研究,确定了混凝剂的种类、用量以及pH值、生化时间等技术参数。研究结果表明,采用聚合氯化铝铁混凝-SBR生化处理工艺,能够使垃圾渗滤液的CODCr值从5000～14000mg/L降低到200mg/L以下,BOD5值从1800～5600mg/L降低到100mg/L以下,NH3-N值从47～374mg/L降低到15mg/L以下。     

Optimum Process Parameters for the Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Powdered Activated Carbon Augmented Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Technology

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process was used for the treatment of raw landfill leachate. Optimum preliminary parameters of leachate/activated sludge ratio, powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage, and settling time were studied. Optimum obtained parameters (mixing ratio of 10%, PAC dosage of 10 g/L, and settling time of 1.5 h) were applied on two types of SBRs, namely, non-powdered and powdered activated carbon (NPAC and PAC, respectively). Consequently, the effect of factors, the aeration rate and contact time, on both NPAC and PAC reactors were studied. Response surface methodology was used for the design, analysis, and optimization of the experiments. Removal efficiencies of ammonia (NH₃-N), color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved salts (TDS), and sludge volume index (SVI) were measured for 13 experiments. Based on the obtained results, the optimum aeration rate and contact time for both NPAC and PAC reactors were 2 and 1 L/min and 5.56 and 5.5 h, respectively. Better performance (in terms of NH₃-N, color, COD, and TDS removal efficiencies and SVI values) was exhibited by PAC reactors rather than NPAC.     

厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)的污泥快速颗粒化的促进措施简评

厌氧序批式反应器是第三代新型高速厌氧反应器,其污泥快速颗粒化的研究相对较少。本文总结了目前国内外关于ASBR快速形成颗粒污泥的研究进展情况,并结合试验成果,从运行方式,搅拌、种泥、投加物、反应器构型等方面论述了其促进措施,以及当前的研究存在的问题。     

Biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor using ethanol as carbon source

BACKGROUND: When organic matter is limiting for biological nutrient removal (BNR) from wastewater, external organic carbon can be added to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This increases the overall treatment cost, so the choice of substrate is critical. The effect of using ethanol as the carbon source for BNR is investigated. RESULTS: The results clearly showed that using ethanol as a carbon source is a promising strategy for removing nutrients from wastewater. Effluent concentrations of 3.0 mg total nitrogen (TN) L^?1 (96% N removal efficiency) and 0.05 mg phosphate (P‐PO₄) L^?1 (99.9% P removal efficiency) were obtained. Furthermore, tests performed in order to identify the carbon source used by polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) showed that the phosphorus release/carbon uptake ratio using ethanol (0.41 mmol P mmol^?1 C) was slightly lower than that with acetate (0.50 mmol P mmol^?1 C) but close to that with propionate (0.42 mmol P mmol^?1 C). CONCLUSION: Therefore, taking into account the results presented for ethanol‐acclimatised biomass and the fact that the cost of ethanol is lower than that of acetate or propionate, ethanol can be considered as an alternative carbon source if one is needed in a WWTP. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry