阳离子型丁苯胶乳的合成及其改性乳化沥青的性能

以胜利炼油厂生产的90#重胶沥青为基质沥青,使用丁苯胶乳（SBR）为改性剂,分别筛选了三种不同的乳化剂及稳定剂制备阳离子改性乳化沥青,考查了pH值对乳化沥青稳定性的影响,探讨了SBR的用量对沥青性能的影响。结果表明,在乳液pH值为3～4、沥青温度120℃、水温70℃,乳化剂用量为1.45%（R2∶R3=6∶4）,丁苯胶乳为4%（干基）,稳定剂W3为0.3%条件下制备的改性乳化沥青达到交通部规定的质量要求,并具有优异的低温性能。     

节点防水密封膏的制备及性能研究

以单组分水性环氧树脂乳液为基料,辅以分散剂BYK-2010、消泡剂Foamstar A10和600目硫酸钡制得浆料,再加入经丁苯胶乳改性的阴离子乳化沥青后,制得改性沥青节点防水密封膏。通过吸水率、表面接触角及与不同基材的效果等因素对节点密封膏的性能进行了评价。研究结果表明:慢裂型乳化沥青对填料的拌和稳定性更好,且当w(乳化沥青)=18.35%(相对于密封膏总质量而言)、m(环氧树脂乳液)∶m(丁苯胶乳)=6.5∶3.5时,涂膜7 d后吸水率为10.48%、表面接触角为70.2°、与水泥基面强度达0.85 MPa且为100%内聚破坏,并与塑料、玻璃、铝板均有良好的效果,可满足标准JG/T 501—2016《建筑构件连接处防水密封膏》要求。     

共混型橡胶-织物复合用水乳胶粘剂

采用高速剪切制备复合硫化剂水分散体,乳液物理共混制备橡胶/织物复合用水基胶乳胶粘剂。研究了水乳胶粘剂中各组分的比例对粘接强度的影响,同时对胶粘剂的贮存稳定性、胶粘剂胶膜的力学性能和胶粘剂中各组分胶乳的相容性进行了探讨。结果表明:氯丁胶乳/天然橡胶胶乳/苯丙乳液/复合硫化剂水分散体/萜烯树脂乳液的比例(质量比)为5∶5∶1.5∶3∶1.5时,胶粘剂粘接效果最好,胶粘剂的T型剥离强度可以达到2.82 MPa(达到市售溶剂型胶粘剂粘接强度的85%)。     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺共聚物反相乳液合成工艺研究

以Span80-Tween80为复合乳化剂,以液体石蜡为分散介质,制备了二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺共聚物反相乳液。研究了影响乳液稳定性及产物分子量的因素。结果表明,复配乳化剂比单一乳化剂使用效果好,在复配乳化剂的质量配比为Span80∶Tween80=2.7∶1、油水体积比为1.2∶1的情况下,反相乳液产品的稳定性较高;共聚物的分子量与聚合反应条件密切相关,当单体质量分数(占总质量)25%、反应温度35℃、搅拌速率300～400r/min、乳化剂质量分数为6%的工艺条件下,产品的特性黏数可达到800mL/g;并通过透射电镜对聚合物胶乳粒子的形貌进行了表征。     

阳离子沥青乳化剂的应用性能研究

以N-(2-羟基-3-十八烷基氨基)丙基三甲基氯化铵(A)、木质素季铵盐(B)和N-[2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基聚氧乙烯醚(9)]丙基三甲基氯化铵(C)为乳化剂制备了乳化沥青。对乳化沥青的性能测试表明,当乳化剂A,B和C单独使用的用量分别为乳化沥青总质量的0.5%,2.5%和2.5%时,乳液能够稳定存在5 d;当使用由乳化剂A和B或A和C以1∶1至9∶1的质量比组成的复配乳化剂,用量为乳化沥青总质量的0.5%时,制备的乳化沥青的稳定性明显地优于单独使用乳化剂A,B或C制备的乳化沥青。使用由乳化剂A和B以质量比2∶3组成的复配乳化剂,用量为0.5%时,所得到的乳化沥青的破乳时间为259 s;由A和C以质量比1∶1组成的复配乳化剂,用量为0.5%时,所得到的乳化沥青的破乳时间为223 s;而单独使用乳化剂A,用量为0.5%时,破乳时间仅为191 s。     

复合乳化剂制备水性环氧乳液及涂膜性能研究

采用环氧树脂E-44和2-氨基-5-磺酸基苯甲酸合成一种小分子阴离子环氧乳化剂EP-H;通过E-44和聚乙二醇6000合成大分子非离子环氧乳化剂EP-PEG。当2种乳化剂以质量比2∶5复配时,可达到较好的亲水亲油平衡。复合乳化剂(EP-H/EP-PEG)占10%、乳化温度为60℃时,制得的环氧乳液性能最佳。与单一非离子乳化剂制得的水性环氧乳液相比,EP-H/EP-PEG所制备的乳液相反转固含量高(>70%)、乳化剂用量小、乳液粒径小、黏度低;固化后的涂膜光滑致密、热稳定性佳、综合力学性能好,其拉伸强度和压缩强度分别为31 MPa、72 MPa。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂的合成及其对聚氯乙烯的改性

采用种子乳液接枝聚合技术合成了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂(MBS),考察了复合乳化剂浓度、CO2用量对丁苯胶乳粒径及其分布、胶乳稳定性的影响;研究了接枝单体滴加方式和接枝聚合反应温度对MBS体系稳定性和接枝效率的影响;讨论了MBS改性聚氯乙烯(PVC)的影响因素;提出了丁苯胶乳的碳酸化扩径附聚法和MBS胶乳的SO2凝聚新工艺。结果表明:在丁二烯/苯乙烯(质量比)为90/10、阴离子/非离子复合乳化剂浓度为35~40g/L、丁苯胶乳采用CO2附聚扩径、部分MMA预溶胀和其余MMA连续滴加的方式以及MBS胶乳SO2凝聚新工艺的条件下,所得MBS树脂粉料颗粒均匀,40~180目的颗粒质量分数达96%,堆积密度在0.4g/cm3以上;PVC/MBS(质量比为100/8)共混物的冲击强度达22.6kJ/m2。     

紫炭黑对丁苯胶乳胶膜硫化特性及力学性能的影响

将不同目数紫炭黑、不同用量紫炭黑与丁苯胶乳共混,制备紫炭黑/丁苯胶乳复合胶膜,结果表明:1500目紫炭黑有更好的补强作用;随着紫炭黑用量的增加,胶膜的力学性能出现先上升后下降的趋势,当质量份数为6份时,补强后的胶料拉伸强度达到7.26MPa,撕裂强度达到15.74 KN/m;在紫炭黑/丁苯胶乳复合胶膜中分别加入不同的硅烷偶联剂和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),发现在同时加入SDS和偶联剂KH560时,所得复合胶膜性能最优,但是单加偶联剂作用不明显。     

油气田固井专用丁苯胶乳的合成及其应用

以非离子乳化剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(简称OP-10)为主体,非离子乳化剂壬基酚聚氧乙醚(简称NP-40)、阴离子型乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠和烷基二苯醚磺酸二钠盐为辅作为复合乳化体系,考察了不同配比的乳化体系及其用量,单体配比,功能单体的种类、用量及加入方式对丁苯胶乳(SBRL)性能的影响,评价了胶乳水泥浆体系的性能,并将该SBRL应用于现场固井.结果表明,在乳化体系OP-10/NP-40/十二烷基硫酸钠/烷基二苯醚磺酸二钠盐(质量比)为7.0/1.0/1.0/1.0或6.0/2.0/1.0/1.0或6.5/1.5/1.0/1.0、乳化体系用量为7～9份、丁二烯/苯乙烯(质量比)为(55～45)/(45～55)、不饱和酯磺酸盐用量为4～7份的条件下,SBRL具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性;当不饱和酯磺酸盐第1次加入量/第2次加入量(质量比)为30/70、且第2次加入时机是在转化率为80%时,可延长水泥浆的稠化时间;当水泥浆的配方不同时,其稠化时间是可调的,API失水量小于50 mL,流动度大于23 cm,胶乳水泥石抗压强度大于21 MPa,可满足不同井温的油气田固井要求,且全井优质.     

高性能导静电乳液胶粘剂的制备

研究借鉴无皂乳液聚合机理,加入导电纤维丝,制备了用于粘贴导静电聚氯乙烯地板胶粘剂。研究了影响胶接强度、初粘力和导静电性能的主要因素,及乳化剂和交联单体对乳液稳定性和胶接强度的影响,确定丙烯酸丁酯与丙烯腈较合适的质量比为2∶1;适量加入甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酰胺可以减少乳化剂的用量,可提高乳液的性能。得到的导静电乳液胶粘剂胶接最高强度达到0.70MPa,最好的导静电性可达到7.8×103Ω,均超过国家标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。