浅谈如何在初中体育教学中培养学生的兴趣

在体育学科的教学过程中，为了实现体育教学目标，教师要采用一定的教学模式，培养学生对体育学科兴趣和爱好，体育学科独有的、开阀的学习和活动的环境，以及充分的观察、思维、操作、实践的表现欲望对促进学生的“兴趣和爱好”的提高，具有其他学科所无法比拟的优势。     

民族传统体育对大学生健康影响的调查与分析

调查与分析了民族传统体育对大学生健康的影响,研究表明民族传统体育对大学生在促进身体健康、调节心理情绪、增强社会适应能力等方面有着非常重要的作用,高校必须重视发展民族传统体育,满足大学生对健康的需求.     

民族传统体育在现代高校体育教学中的参与价值研究

通过开展民族传统体育,充实高校学校体育的教育体系,有效增强学生体质、弘扬民族文化,培养学生的民族意识和爱国情怀.中国民族传统体育与现代高校体育教学相结合,积极发挥中国民族传统体育在高校现代体育教学中的作用与潜力,实现全面普及传统教育、提高教育质量的目的.     

“新工科”背景下交通运输专业课程体系建设

依据教育部办公厅发布的进行"新工科"研究与实践项目建设文件精神,"新工科"背景下的交通运输应用型人才培养应在课程设置上与汽车、物流、土木、信息、机电和管理等学科融合。对交通运输专业课程体系现状及存在问题进行了分析,提出了建立通识教育课、学科平台课、专业核心课、专业方向课及创新创业课课程体系,搭建体现多学科融合的学科平台,对交通运输专业人才培养体系改革具有借鉴意义。     

案例教学法在工商管理类专业教学中的应用研究

工商管理是我国跨世纪教育中亟待建设和发展的学科与专业，工商管理教育改革则是我国市场经济发展和高等教育改革的迫切需要。我国高校自70年代后期从国外引进工商管理教育以来，一直处于探索之中。其中，案例教学法的应用研究是我国工商管理教育中迫切需要强化的环节。我校从80年代开展管理教育以来，尤其是90年代开设工商管理、市场营销和会计学专业以来，借鉴国际管理教育的通行模式，按照工商管理理论与实践相结合的要求，积极利用和尝试利用案例法教学，取得了一定的有益经验。     

甘孜藏区民族传统体育发展剖析

采用文献资料法、访问调查法,对甘孜藏区民族传统体育发展的现状、前景进行剖析,提出了促进甘孜藏区的民族传统体育可持续发展的对策.     

民族声乐术和声乐技巧

不论是民族唱法还是美声唱法,都是歌唱的艺术.它们既有共性,又有个性.要发展今天的民族声乐艺术和声乐技巧,就要继承传统民族声乐文化的精华,同时大胆借鉴国外声乐文化的先进理论和经验,使中国民族声乐真正走向更科学、更系统、更完美的艺术境界.     

冶金工程专业实践教学环节的实施与保障机制

对工程学科而言,实践是本科教学的重要环节,对培养学生的综合素质和解决工程问题的能力具有不可替代的作用.结合冶金工程类学校的定位、冶金学科的特点与发展、学生培养的目标等,对冶金工程专业实践教学体系的建设、实施需要与适应性进行了分析.随着冶金工程专业的不断发展,在工程实践的具体实施过程中面临新的问题和挑战,提出了相关的措施和建议.     

浅谈全国高校开展拓展训练的发展现状和理论分析

拓展训练作为现代一种新型体育项目正在被广大大学生接受,同时也逐渐在高校体育课程设置中展开研究、推广和讨论,拓宽了传统体育课程体系.目前全国只有个别高校开设了该课程,但是从开设情况看还属于尝试与探索阶段.本文采用文献资料法对高校开展拓展训练的相关研究论文进行梳理,对全国个别高校开展拓展训练的现状进行剖析.研究结果表明:没有根据学生实际身心特点和社会适应能力进行改造和创编,没有结合体育学科特点和学校体育教学规律进行充分融合.     

竞技体育对校园体育文化建设的影响及作用

竞技体育文化是高校校园体育文化体系的重要构成部分,对于高校校园体育文化的发展具有积极的促进作用.本文在对高校竞技体育运动的特征及作用进行论述与分析的基础上,对竞技体育对高校体育文化建设的影响进行研究,旨在于为推进高校校园体育文化的发展提供必要的理论依据.     

体育教育与学生人格的培养

根据学校体育应该是以学生发展为本的原则,就如何在体育教育中培养学生健康的人格提出了一些方法。     

Motivation, cognition and pseudoscience

CONTEXT: Research on the promotion of physical activity has been based on a variety of conceptual models. These models generally target one level of analysis, such as the individual, community, or the environment, and differ in their relative contact with basic or applied science. There have been limited attempts to develop approaches that target multiple levels of analysis and can stimulate basic and applied research. OBJECTIVE: Theoretical integration in a multidiscliplinary field such as promotion of physical activity should take into account that social, behavioral, and biomedical colleagues may use different explanatory models, and use different approaches to the development of scientific knowledge. This essay argues for the development of integration of theory across multiple domains that can incorporate methods and findings of basic and applied scientists, and that uses language and methods common to social, behavioral, and biomedical scientists. METHOD: Behavioral choice theory is presented as an example of one theoretical approach that bridges different approaches to physical activity intervention, and that can stimulate both basic and applied research on physical activity. Behavioral research on choice was discussed in relationship to basic research, human laboratory research, and community and clinical research. CONCLUSIONS: Implications of behavioral choice theory for community and environmental change was discussed. The essay ends with ideas for future directions in integration of theory for physical activity research.     

化学法回收熔渣余热的研究现状

冶金渣包括高炉渣、转炉渣、电炉渣等,具有高的温度和高的显热容量。针对如何利用好这些高温余热资源,介绍了采用化学法回收熔渣余热的特点和国内外研究进展,介绍了国外学者采用焓火用示意图方法计算了一些吸热反应回收熔渣余热的火用损值,从理论上证明了化学法比物理法有高的热量利用率。     

地质样品中铼的分离和测定方法研究进展

铼元素因其具有特殊的物理化学性质广泛应用于各种工业领域。自然界中铼贵重、稀散,准确测定其含量存在一定的困难。随着大型精密仪器的开发应用,铼样品的前处理、分离、富集以及测定方法都有不同程度的进展。本文综述了近些年来地质样品中铼的分离、测定方法的进展,重点介绍了多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法在测试铼中的应用,分析比较了各分析方法的优缺点,并展望了铼的分离、分析方法的发展方向。     

冶金科研院所分析测试专业的研究生教育现状分析

研究生教育是科研院所人才培养和人才储备的最重要的环节,本文总结了我国冶金科研院所分析测试专业领域中研究生教育的基本情况。通过数据和比较分析等方法,介绍了冶金工程、冶金物理与化学、冶金分析与检测工程专业的博士研究生教育,以及材料学、材料物理与化学、冶金分析和检测工程、分析化学等专业的硕士研究生教育的学科专业设置、导师队伍、在读研究生、培养模式等状况,提出了有关发展建设的意见和建议。     

Mutation of C-terminal tyrosine residues Y497/Y504 of the Src-family member Bsk/Iyk decreases NIH3T3 cell proliferation

Physical fitness, participation in physical activity, fundamental motor skills and body composition are important contributors to the health and the development of a healthy lifestyle among children and youth. The New South Wales Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey, 1997, was conducted to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge of these aspects of the lives of young people in New South Wales. The survey was conducted in February and March, 1997 and collected data on a randomly-selected sample of students (n = 5518) in Years 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Measures were taken on body composition (height and weight, waist and hip girths, skinfolds), health-related fitness (aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility), fundamental motor skills (run, vertical jump, catch, overhand throw, forehand strike and kick), self-reported physical activity, time spent in sedentary recreation, and physical education (PE) classes. The methods are described to assist in the development of surveys of other populations and to provoke debate relevant to the development and dissemination of standard approaches to monitoring the fitness, physical activity habits and body composition of Australian children and youth. Finally, we offer comments on some of the strengths and limitations of the methods employed.     

X射线光谱分析技术发展新趋势与新方向

X射线光谱分析技术(X-ray spectrometry,XRS)的发展已历经100多年历程,其独有的无损、原位和微区分析特性与主成分准确定量分析能力,使其在自然探索、科学研究、技术进步和生产应用中,发挥了十分重要的作用。但XRS也面临灵敏度不足、轻元素分析困难、元素氧化态识别不易等困境和挑战。随着近年激发光源、探测手段、光学部件制备技术的发展和基本粒子物理学研究的深入,XRS技术在降低检出限、发展实验室型元素形态分析装置、进行轻元素μ子X射线发射光谱(μXES)分析等领域,呈现出了新的发展趋势,成为当前和未来一段时期内值得重视和关注的学科发展方向。     

Internal structure of a measure of self-efficacy in physical activity among high school students

The preliminary development of a measure of self-efficacy to participate in vigorous physical activity when confronted with specific perceived barriers to physical activity is described. Measures used in previous research ([Hofstetter, C.R., Hovell, M.F., Sallis, J.F., 1990a. Social learning correlates of exercise self-efficacy: Early experiences with physical activity, Social Science and Medicine, 31, 1169-1176.]; [Hofstetter, C.R., Sallis, J.F., Hovell, M.F., 1990b. Some health dimensions of self-efficacy: Analysis of theoretical specificity, Social Science and Medicine, 31, 1051-1056.]; [Reynolds, K.D., Killen, J.D., Bryson, M.S., Maron, D.J., Taylor, C.B., Maccoby, N., Farquhar, J.W., 1990. Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in adolescents, Preventive Medicine, 19, 541-551.]; [Sallis, J.F., Pinski, R.B., Grossman, R.M., Patterson, T.L., Nader, P.R., 1988. The development of self-efficacy scales for health-related diet and exercise behaviors, Health Education Research, 3, 283-292.]) were adapted and original items were developed. The 20-item measure has a 5-point Likert format ranging from not at all confident (1) to very confident (5). An earlier pilot study of 200 secondary school students showed that the measure was free of social desirability. The data were derived from a survey of 1041 secondary school students from a Metropolitan Toronto board of education. Principal component analysis (PCA) with oblique rotation of the data yielded two factors: self-efficacy to overcome external barriers and self-efficacy to overcome internal barriers. The 12-item external barriers subscale had a coefficient alpha of 0.88 and the 8-item internal barriers subscale had a coefficient alpha of 0.87. The subscales significantly correlated with the frequency of participation in vigorous physical activity. In summary, the results provide some support for the internal consistency reliability, construct validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity of the measure. Though further psychometric research is warranted, the self-efficacy measure shows promise for physical activity research.     

Innovation in two alternative elementary school programs: why it works

The purpose of this paper was to describe and interpret the factors that supported and maintained curricular innovation at two alternative elementary schools. The two schools have Project Adventure as their curriculum focus and use the concepts of risk, challenge, trust, cooperation, and problem solving; briefing and debriefing; and personal goal-setting contracts as part of their schoolwide curriculum (Project Adventure, 1991). Data were collected through formal interviews with the physical education teachers, the principals, and four classroom teachers at each school. Nonparticipant observation, field notes, informal interviews, and document analysis were also conducted. Inductive analysis and constant comparison were used to analyze and organize the data throughout the research process. Five factors emerged that supported the implementation of this innovative physical education program: a shared vision, external support for the schools' programs, curricula integration, centrality of physical education, and shared decision making. Project Adventure at these schools provides an example of substantive curricular reform where physical education was a critical element in the school programs.     

Application of scaling techniques to the evaluation of counseling outcomes.

A reasonably comprehensive review of the literature has revealed largely inadequate attempts to evaluate counseling, due chiefly to improper criterion development. A consolidation of various criterion issues reveals that multiple criteria and some combination of the other types of criteria discussed are most promising for application in research. A consolidation of scaling issues emphasizes multiple ratings, the closing gap between physical and psychological continua, and the improper use of theoretical definitions for criterion development. A review of rating scales covering the last 20 yr. reveals a general implementation of relevant criterion issues, but little attention to relevant scaling issues. It is concluded that each phase of rating scale development demands proper scaling techniques, i.e., factor analysis, and multidimensional scaling analysis. Other scaling methods are discussed, and item construction and analysis are developed briefly. (2 p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)