一种基于空间直方图的多特征目标跟踪算法

为提高跟踪算法对光照或背景的大幅度变化和车辆大范围运动的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于空间直方图的多特征目标跟踪算法。算法以自适应权值多特征乘性融合框架为基础,分别建立目标的颜色、边缘和纹理空间直方图,使用Mean Shift迭代,利用各特征空间概率分布图中目标与背景的BH系数,调整特征权值。该算法使跟踪不再过分依赖某一单一特征,实现了复杂背景下目标的准确跟踪。     

基于选定区域颜色直方图的粒子滤波行人跟踪算法

针对城市中智能视频监控问题,提出一种基于选定区域RGB直方图的粒子滤波行人跟踪算法.首先实现了Eiji Ota在2011年实现的算法,该算法只能对红色目标进行跟踪,然后对该算法进行改进,改进后能够根据选定区域RGB颜色直方图的粒子滤波算法对行人进行跟踪.自动提取跟踪视频的第一帧,然后在第一帧上选择要跟踪的区域,再计算选...     

基于改进EOH特征的行人检测

行人检测是物体检测领域的一大难点。为了进一步提高行人检测的精度和速度,将Kobi Levi和Yair Weiss提出的边缘方向直方图特征和传统的Adaboost算法两者有机地结合起来,提出了一种基于改进的EOH特征的行人检测算法。该算法首先对原先只适用于较为简单的人脸检测的EOH(edge orientation histogram)特征进行了改进,弥补了其对于行人的对称性特征的描述能力不足的问题,然后通过改进Adaboost算法中对样本权值进行调整的策略来减少overfitting。实验证明,该方法的检测性能能够接近目前行人检测的领先水平。在误报率为1/10000时,该算法在一个复杂的Inria行人数据集上的检测率可以达到90%。对于640×480大小的图片,该算法的检测速度可以达到2fps。     

基于N-LBP纹理与色度信息的Camshift跟踪算法

基于颜色特征的运动目标跟踪算法容易受到光照非均匀变化或阴影的影响,如何利用多种特征联合构造目标模型以提升跟踪性能是一个关键问题.提出了一种新的特征融合运动目标跟踪算法,该算法基于局部二值模式(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)纹理特征,引入光照自适应的局部标准差构造二值模式门槛值,采用统一模式下的N-LBP纹理描述子构造特征直方图,并结合色度信息建立联合直方图,在Camshift算法框架内进行目标跟踪.实验证明,与传统Camshift算法相比,该算法在保证跟踪算法实时性能的同时,可以更好地克服阴影遮挡等导致的非均匀光照变化带来的影响,具有良好的跟踪效果.     

基于粒子滤波和多特征融合的目标跟踪算法

为了克服单纯基于颜色特征的跟踪方法在复杂环境下易导致跟踪失败的缺点,提出了将颜色和结构信息相结合的跟踪方法.利用基于HSV颜色空间的加权颜色直方图表示目标的颜色模型,利用目标的灰度图像建立结构模型,并将两者融合于粒子滤波的框架中,结合的纽带就是粒子权值的计算,同时自适应的调整颜色和结构信息的融合系数.实验表明,该算法的稳定性较高,同时提高了跟踪的精度.     

视频检测的颜色直方图目标匹配算法

文章通过对视频检测系统中运动目标跟踪问题的描述,对颜色直方图、颜色空间和直方图距离进行了介绍.基于RGB颜色模型的直方图,对Euler距离、交集距离、二次方距离以及EMD距离等四种直方图距离进行比较,提出了改进的Euler距离匹配算法,并建立了运动目标的匹配模型.该算法理论上简化了算法复杂度,并去掉了直方图量化的过程.实验中,该算法能满足实时性要求,计算量小,具有很强的鲁棒性.     

改进的粒子滤波器目标跟踪方法

针对现有的粒子滤波跟踪方法存在的不足,提出了一种改进的粒子滤波器方法用于运动目标跟踪.将颜色直方图和边缘直方图结合起来建立目标的参考模型,有效地克服了使用单一特征建模的缺点,提高了跟踪的准确性.分别计算目标颜色模型和目标边缘模型与粒子的欧几里德距离,使用这2个距离作为粒子权值计算的重要依据.实验结果表明该算法具有较高的实时性、准确性和鲁棒性.     

基于组合欧拉向量与边缘方向直方图的图像检索方法

在图像数据库中,如何有效检索和查询图像是一个重要的研究内容.文中提出一种结合组合欧拉向量与边缘方向直方图( EOH)的图像检索方法.首先,从边缘图像中提取组合欧拉向量特征进行图像检索(EEXO算法),其次,为更好地区分不同形状但欧拉特征相近的图像,将EEXO算法与EOH算法相结合提出EEXOEOH图像检索算法.实验结果表明,EEXOEOH算法与其它4种算法相比,具有较好的检索效率.     

基于多特征融合的Camshift结合Kalman预测的实时性视觉跟踪算法研究

根据传统CamShift算法的研究,由于它仅采用颜色作为特征,容易产生错误跟踪,本文提出了一种基于多特征融合的camshift结合kalman预测的实时性视觉跟踪算法,采用颜色直方图与灰度梯度直方图,进行加权处理,有效解决背景干扰,实时性跟踪的问题,实验表明本文算法可以实时性跟踪并且在迭代次数上有所下降,提高了跟踪的准确性和效率.     

基于特征融合的粒子滤波在红外小目标跟踪中的应用

针对红外图像序列中的小目标跟踪问题,在分析红外小目标特点的基础上,提出了一种基于特征融合的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法。该方法利用粒子滤波支持目标特征融合的优点,提出将灰度特征和分形特征相融合,并将融合后的信息用于粒子权值的计算,从而大大提高了跟踪算法的稳健性。实验结果表明,和传统的粒子滤波算法相比,该算法能够更加准确、有效地跟踪红外序列中的小目标。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.