H.264计算资源和比特资源联合优化分配方法

针对聋哑人移动手语视频通信,提出一种H.264计算资源和比特资源联合优化分配方法。该方法根据聋哑人视觉选择特性将手语视频划分为不同的区域,通过为不同区域分配不同的量化系数进行比特资源优化分配;并将H.264手语视频编码复杂度分为三个级别,根据能量受限设备的电池能量自适应地选择编码级别进行计算资源优化分配。研究结果表明:该算法在保证手语视频感兴趣区编码质量的同时,可以有效降低编码器的计算复杂度,延长电池工作时长。     

基于细胞神经网络的快速手语视频分割方法

为实现感兴趣区手语视频编码,提高通话效率,提出一种基于细胞神经网络(CNN)的快速手语视频分割方法。该方法首先利用肤色信息特征进行基于CNN的肤色检测,检测出手语视频中的肤色区域;然后对肤色检测结果,利用帧差法进行基于CNN的运动检测,获得初始的手势区域;最后采用形态学处理方法进行空洞填充和边界平滑,实现了手语视频图像序列中的面部和手部区域的分割。研究结果表明,该方法能够快速准确地进行手语视频分割。     

基于人类视觉系统的视频编码方法

提出一种基于视觉特点的视频编码方法,通过利用人眼的视觉特征,找出其中的聚焦点和聚焦区域,并计算各个区域的权值,然后根据权值来确定各个运动补偿块以及码率分配。在码率分配部分,该方法通过计算不同区域的图像复杂性和能量,依据聚焦区权重因子不等重地分配可用码率资源。实验证明,该方法较大程度改善了视频编码的压缩效率,提高了码率分配的灵活性和有效性。     

基于量化步长的视频编码能量率失真模型

针对移动手语视频通信中存在的功率和码率约束问题,提出一种能量感知的视频编码能量率失真(P-R-D)模型。在H.264视频编码软件平台JM8.6上进行模型参数选择,确定以量化步长作为模型参数。根据移动设备的电池剩余能量划分3个能量状态,在不同状态下分别建立相应的功耗、码率及失真模型。实验结果表明,对于典型的手语视频,P-R-D模型能够准确反映视频编码功耗、码率和质量之间的关系,其中功耗模型和码率模型精确度较高,最大预测误差仅为-1.1795%和-7.9268%。     

基于SVAC感兴趣区域的码率控制算法

支持感兴趣区域编码是SVAC标准的重要特性,感兴趣区域编码可以提高图像处理效率并能大大降低码率,但是码率依然会随编码帧的复杂度而波动,导致传输信道利用率较低。SVAC标准目前并没有推荐的码率控制算法。本文提出了一种基于SVAC感兴趣区域的码率控制算法：通过计算图像复杂度信息,对感兴趣区域与背景进行比特数分配,并将比特数优先分配给感兴趣区域;设计虚拟缓存器,通过计算缓存器的占有率实时调整每个编码帧感兴趣区域及背景的量化参数。实验结果表明,该算法将视频编码输出码率稳定在传输信道带宽内,提高了信道的利用率,并且保证了感兴趣区域具有平滑优质的图像质量。     

四级自适应H.264计算资源分配算法

分析影响H.264运动估计复杂度的因素,提出一种新的H.264计算资源分配算法。该算法可以根据视频运动复杂性和能量受限设备的电池能量自适应调整H.264编码参数。实验结果表明,该算法在保持视频编码质量基本不变的同时,可以降低编码器的计算复杂度,减少电池能量消耗,延长能量受限设备的工作时间。     

基于感兴趣区的小波域彩色图像检索新方法

提出了一种基于感兴趣区的小波域彩色图像检索新方法.该方法首先结合人眼视觉感知特性,在小波变换域内利用K-均值聚类提取出感兴趣区域,然后以感兴趣区的小波系数局部能量作为纹理特征,颜色均值和均方差作为颜色特征,重心坐标作为位置特征,计算图像间内容的相似度并进行检索.仿真实验结果表明,当图像中有明显的感兴趣区域时（特别是背景简单的图像）,该方法能够更加准确地查找出用户所需内容的图像,明显地提高了检索精度.     

基于手语视觉单词特征的手语字母识别研究

为有效识别手语字母,提出一种手语视觉单词(SLVW)的识别方法。采用Kinect获取手语字母视频及其深度信息,在深度图像中,通过计算获得手语手势的主轴方向角和质心位置以调整搜索窗口,利用基于深度图像信息的DI_CamShift方法对手势进行跟踪,进而使用基于深度积分图像的Ostu方法分割手势,并提取其尺度不变特征变换数据。将局部特征描述子表示的图像小区域量化生成SLVW,统计一幅手语图像中的视觉单词频率,用词包模型表示手语字母,并用支持向量机进行识别。实验结果表明,该方法不受颜色、光照和阴影的干扰,具有较高的识别准确性和鲁棒性,对复杂背景手语视频中的30个手语字母的平均识别率达到96.21%。     

手语识别、翻译与生成综述

手语研究是典型的多领域交叉研究课题,涉及计算机视觉、自然语言处理、跨媒体计算、人机交互等多个方向,主要包括离散手语识别、连续手语翻译和手语视频生成.手语识别与翻译旨在将手语视频转换成文本词汇或语句,而手语生成是根据口语或文本语句合成手语视频.换言之,手语识别翻译与手语生成可视为互逆过程.文中综述了手语研究的最新进展,介...     

采用深度图像信息和SLVW的手语识别

为了实现手语视频中手语字母的准确识别,提出了一种基于DI_CamShift和SLVW的算法。该方法将Kinect作为手语视频采集设备,在获取彩色视频的同时得到其深度信息;计算深度图像中手语手势的主轴方向角和质心位置,通过调整搜索窗口对手势进行准确跟踪;使用基于深度积分图像的Ostu算法分割手势,并提取其SIFT特征;构建了SLVW词包作为手语特征,并用SVM进行识别。通过实验验证该算法,其单个手语字母最好识别率为99.87%,平均识别率96.21%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.