基于智能路径规划算法的移动机器人系统设计

提出了移动机器人的一种全局路径规划与局部路径规划相结合的新型算法.在以TMS320LS2407A为核心处理器设计的移动机器人平台上,研究移动机器人智能路径规划的算法问题并予以实现.上位机规划机器人的最优路径,并通过与机器人无线通信,发送路径信息,实时接收机器人方位信息.上位机通过操作应用程序对机器人进行监控.机器人能够自主计算轨迹并准确跟踪路径,检测到障碍物后,智能地重新规划路径,避开障碍物到达目的地.实验结果表明:该方法能有效实现机器人的最佳行走路线规划.     

基于深度强化学习和动态窗口法的移动机器人路径规划

为了应对复杂多变的环境并提高移动机器人实时避障能力,提出了一种基于深度强化学习和动态窗口法的融合路径规划方法.首先,通过将机器人的驱动控制直接作用在速度空间来执行路径规划,从而使机器人具备动态窗口特性.然后,设计并训练一个深度Q网络去逼近移动机器人的状态-动作值函数,进而与环境动态地进行交互和试错,实时调整机器人的移动轨迹,最终为机器人找到最优路径.仿真实验结果表明,论文所提方法在自定义RGB(图像像素)图像的复杂环境中能够使移动机器人保持安全适当的速度行驶,找到无碰撞的最优路径,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于深度相机的移动机器人视觉跟踪控制研究

基于视觉利用移动机器人进行运动目标跟踪,该文提出一种基于二自由度云台和RGB-D相机的运动目标视觉跟踪及移动机器人路径实时规划、跟踪方法。该方法利用核相关滤波算法在图像中实时追踪目标,控制二自由度云台使深度相机实时对准目标,并根据深度相机得到目标的深度信息,利用坐标转换得到目标相对于机器人的位置信息;其后移动机器人根据目标的位置信息,基于五次多项式进行路径规划;最后采用李雅普诺夫控制律对移动机器人进行轨迹跟踪控制,使得机器人能够平稳地跟踪目标运动。该算法在阿克曼移动机器人上进行了实验,实验结果验证了算法的有效性和实时性。     

基于Kinect的机器人辅助超声扫描系统研究

提出一种采用Kinect传感器作为视觉伺服的机器人辅助超声扫描系统,来规划引导机器人的扫描路线,以实现机器人辅助的超声扫描操作。系统由Kinect传感器、机器人和超声探头组成。采用Kinect实时获取超声探头的RGB图像和深度图像,并计算探头当前位姿,结合坐标系配准结果,得到机器人的位姿信息,再根据术前的机器人轨迹规划,引导机器人的超声扫描路径。开展腿部模型实验验证本系统的可行性,通过对Kinect传感器的相机标定实验,计算得到了RGB相机和深度相机的内外参数,通过对探头上标识物的定位,进而计算出探头当前位姿,结合Kinect与机器人坐标系的配准结果,得到了两者的转换矩阵,并对机器人的位置给出指令,引导机械臂夹持探头到达指定扫描位置。在机器人夹持超声探头扫描过程中,实时计算探头与腿部之间的距离,以保证所采集超声图像的质量及扫描操作的安全性。实验结果表明,在Kinect视觉系统的导航引导下,机器人可以夹持超声探头实现自主超声扫描,以减少超声医师的扫描时间,降低医师的劳动强度。     

移动机器人可拓控制器的设计

路径规划技术是移动机器人研究领域的关键技术之一,是移动机器人完成任务的安全保障.针对在环境障碍物信息未知的情况下移动机器人的路径规划问题,将可拓学理论与机器人路径规划结合,建立了机器人物元模型,分析了其可拓性在不同的环境下的应用,并结合机器人全局与局部路径规划方法的特点,设计了基于可拓控制的路径规划控制器,仿真结果证明了该方法的可靠性和有效性.     

满足复杂要求的机器人最优巡回控制系统设计与实现

本文结合线性时序逻辑理论与模糊控制方法,设计并实现了一种满足复杂任务需求的移动机器人巡回控制系统,它既能够针对复杂时序任务进行路径规划,又能够对机器人进行模糊控制实现路径跟踪.首先,基于线性时序逻辑理论,确定能够满足复杂巡回任务需求的全局最优路径.接着,根据所获得的最优路径,采用模糊控制方法设计轨迹跟踪控制器,使其通过实时位姿反馈对机器人进行路径跟踪控制.仿真结果验证了移动机器人巡回控制系统的有效性.最后,基于E-Puck移动机器人构建了能够满足复杂任务需求的移动机器人巡回控制实验系统.基于所提出的最优巡回路径规划算法和模糊控制器设计方法,通过图像处理、数据通信、算法加载等软件模块的实现完成了满足复杂任务需求的移动机器人巡回控制.     

视觉传感系统的自主移动机器人路径规划方法

在未知环境下,机器人很难快速获取周边环境信息并建立实时环境地图,实现自主运行.为此提出基于视觉导航的方法,利用全景摄像机作为机器人的视觉传感器系统采集环境信息,将彩色地图进行HSI空间下模糊聚类图像分割,得到环境二值图像;将图像进行栅格化处理来构建环境地图,运用8方向连接的Dijkstra进行全局路径规划,计算出最优路径,从而实现移动机器人的快速、自主运动.经过仿真实验证明,该方法有效且可行.     

全局环境未知时机器人导航和避障的一种新方法

研究了全局环境未知情况下的移动机器人实时导航问题．将栅格法描述环境与基于滚动窗口的路径规划相结合，提出了一种新的移动机器人导航方法．将超声传感阵列探测到的环境信息以基于栅格的概率值进行表示，利用不确定性证据推理对其进行数据融合，得到机器人的局部环境信息；在此基础上，采用基于滚动窗口的方法进行机器人路径规划，实现机器人的实时导航．仿真与实验结果表明了该方法的有效性．     

改进深度强化学习的室内移动机器人路径规划

为了解决传统深度强化学习在室内未知环境下移动机器人路径规划中存在探索能力差和环境状态空间奖励稀疏的问题,提出了一种基于深度图像信息的改进深度强化学习算法。利用Kinect视觉传感器直接获取的深度图像信息和目标位置信息作为网络的输入,以机器人的线速度和角速度作为下一步动作指令的输出。设计了改进的奖惩函数,提高了算法的奖励值,优化了状态空间,在一定程度上缓解了奖励稀疏的问题。仿真结果表明,改进算法提高了机器人的探索能力,优化了路径轨迹,使机器人有效地避开了障碍物,规划出更短的路径,简单环境下比DQN算法的平均路径长度缩短了21.4%,复杂环境下平均路径长度缩短了11.3%。     

动态未知环境中移动机器人的滚动路径规划及安全性分析

借鉴预测控制滚动优化原理,研究了全局环境未知且存在动态障碍物情况下的机器人路径规划问题.提出的基于滚动窗口的移动机器人路径规划方法充分利用机器人实时测得的局部环境信息,以滚动方式进行在线规划,合理结合了优化与反馈,对动态环境具有良好的适应性.还对规划算法的安全性进行了分析.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.