Advanced methods for safe visualization on automotive displays

Camera Monitor Systems (CMSs), for example, for backup cameras or mirror replacements, become increasingly important and already cover safety aspects such as guaranteed latency and no frame freeze. Today's approaches deal only with supervision of the digital interface, LCD backlight, and power supply. This paper introduces methods for advanced safety monitoring of panel electronics and optical display output that aim to enable future CMS based automotive use cases. Our methods are based on correlation of physical measurements with predicted values derived from a corresponding display model. This model was made via calibration measurements and many test patterns. Correlation of the monitoring results with predicted values corresponds to the probability that the RGB data are shown as intended. This implies that an overlying system, an Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) Prepared Video Safety System (APVSS), ensures that only safety verified RGB data are provided to the panel electronics. In case of failures, our methods enable a safe system state, for example, by deactivating the panel. An additional challenge is to allow graceful degradations, a safe but slightly degraded image may provide a better customer experience compared with no information. We successfully verified our approach by a fully functional prototype and extensive evaluation towards “light‐to‐light” (camera to display output) supervision.     

红外激光笔遥指虚拟触摸系统

为了在商务、会议、教学演示过程中使用激光笔实现除上下翻页之外的点击功能,设计一种红外激光笔遥指虚拟触摸系统.使用者手持红外激光笔对任意的显示屏进行远距离触摸指示和点击控制,由图像获取装置拍摄显示屏,获取包括红外激光笔发出的红外激光点在内的显示屏图像,再由图像处理模块处理显示屏图像识别出红外激光点及其在显示屏中的位置,根据红外激光点的时间长短和次数区分鼠标移动、鼠标单击,鼠标双击等操作类型,并控制计算机系统在显示屏对应位置上显示出表示光点的光标图形,完成相应操作,实现虚拟触摸功能.     

一种试验车辆远程监控系统设计

描述了一种试验车辆远程监控诊断系统的设计方案。在试验车辆上安装一个车载PC,利用数据采集单元与车内总线系统相连,通过移动通讯网络实现试验车辆和监控中心的通讯,监控中心能接收车辆实时状态数据,从而完成车辆的远程监控和诊断。     

The technical framework of interactive functions for course-management systems: Students’ perceptions,uses, and evaluations

This study explores the interactivity of course-management systems (CMSs). First, this study reviews the concepts of interactivity, interactivity dimension, and interaction type on the basis of related theories and studies. Second, this study analyzes the interactive functions attributable to the six major CMSs in Taiwan colleges and universities, and re-constructs a technical framework containing five interaction types, nine interactivity dimensions, and 83 possible interactive functions. This study has found that a total of 21 interactive functions were featured in the six CMSs, while six functions identified from theories and research were not. In terms of interaction type, the results indicate that these six CMSs possessed the highest percentage of possible interactive functions for facilitating human interactions (e.g., learner–learner interaction and learner–instructor interaction), followed by learner–interface interaction and learner–self interaction, with the lowest percentage corresponding to learner–content interaction. In terms of interactivity dimension, these six CMSs seemed more likely to feature a learner-centered design approach than a system-centered one. Also, this study conducted user surveys on students’ perceptions, use, and evaluation of these interactive functions. A total of 491 valid sets of data were collected from six CMS user groups. The results indicate that, for their online learning, students considered the function of “Assignment handling” to be the most known, frequently used, and useful function. In addition, students were well familiar with, and made use of, any functions that would help them monitor or track their learning process. Students required more content-related interactive functions than were currently available in CMSs. Last, the regression results indicate that the more positively the students perceived the CMS interactivity, the usefulness of CMS for learning, and the interactive functions, the more positively these students perceived their CMSs.     

六足仿生机器人的设计与实现

所述六足仿生机器人基于SoC FPGA平台实现,结合了机械结构设计、六足步态控制、蓝牙传输技术、弯曲传感器、OpenCL图像处理加速、VR显示等诸多技术。ARM部分作为主控,存储摄像头视频图像,并调用FPGA模块对图像处理加速,通过路由器架设的局域网向VR眼镜输出视频流信息。FPGA部分用于接收蓝牙信号,驱动机器人手臂运动,摄像头拍摄角度切换以及六足行进。实际操作时操作者需佩戴自制的数据手套和VR眼镜。操作数据手套上的方向按键可控制机器人移动。数据手套的每个手指上安装有弯曲传感器,用于控制机械手臂跟随人手实时运动。VR眼镜中放置一个智能手机作为显示终端,实时显示机器人摄像头获取的画面。经过多次实际测试,操作者佩戴VR眼镜及数据手套均可远程操控机器人抓取置于复杂地形中的水瓶。     

车载信息系统的安全测评体系及方法

汽车信息系统的安全工作主要集中在分析、挖掘车载信息系统及其功能组件现存的安全漏洞及可行攻击方式的实验验证,缺乏全面、系统的车载信息系统安全测评体系及评估方法。论文在分析车载信息系统安全现状的基础之上,提出将车载信息系统的安全等级划分为：家用车载信息系统和商用车载信息系统,定义了两个等级车载信息系统的保护能力,并借鉴通用信息系统的安全等级保护要求,提出车载信息系统不同保护等级的基本安全要求,首次建立车载信息系统的安全等级测评体系。进一步建立层次化安全评估模型及算法,实现车载信息系统的定量安全评估。通过奥迪C6的安全测评案例证明,提出的等级测评体系及评估方法是可行、合理的,为分析车辆信息系统的安全状况提供支撑,填补了国内车载信息系统安全测评体系及评估方法的空白。     

HJ-1A/1B卫星远程播报系统的实现

基于环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座中的HJ-1A、1B卫星遥感数据,提出一种卫星影像数据与矢量数据在远程播报系统中快速叠加匹配的方法与技术流程。在此基础上,实现了HJ-1A、1B卫星宽覆盖CCD相机的数据远程播报。系统测试表明,远程播报系统对HJ-1A、1B卫星数据空间定位准确,数据处理速度快,满足远程播报实时显示数据的要求。     

Project54: standardizing electronic device integration in police cruisers

Technological advances have introduced many electronic devices into police cruisers. Today's police cruisers are equipped with not only lights and sirens but also digital radios, GPS units, computers, radars, and other devices. These in-car devices aren't usually designed with integration in mind. This design approach creates two problems. The first stems from the fact that police cruisers are primarily vehicles and the officers operating them are primarily drivers. Because in-car devices aren't designed for integration, most police departments install them in cruisers as stand-alone devices, each with its own user interface. Consequently, the officers operating the cruisers must deal with the distraction of interacting with multiple user interfaces in the hands- and eyes-busy environment of a car. Research shows that interacting with even a single in-car device can lead to safety problems. Interacting with multiple in-car devices clearly poses a safety problem. This problem is likely to worsen as new devices are installed in cruisers.     

基于6416和FPGA的手部三模态识别装置设计与实现

介绍了将手形、掌纹和手掌静脉身份识别理论与FPGA和DSP数字处理系统相结合构成能够方便用于门禁、考勤等的具有高可靠性和高安全性要求的快速身份识别装置。装置采用可见光和近红外双摄像头提高对手形、掌纹和手掌静脉图像的有效获取。利用FPGA实现双摄像头图像数据的同步采集、数据缓存以及对液晶显示屏、补光系统等的控制,以减少DSP的负担,使DSP能够专注于对手形、掌纹和手掌静脉的数据处理识别工作,保证系统运行的实时性。     

Rushing out detection system for safe driving using foveated image processing

We propose a detection system for a dangerous situation while driving using foveated image processing and a neural network (NN). This system detects the situation of a man rushing out who must be avoided while driving. A foveated image is transformed by log polar mapping (LPM) from an image acquired from a camera mounted on a car. LPM imitates the primate visual system, and it is possible not only to obtain both a high central resolution and a wide field of view, but also to significantly reduce processing image data. This transformed image is suited to the detection of an object that moves toward the camera. To detect this object, we calculate flowow vectors on time-scaled images, and process them by a NN that outputs a warning signal when a dangerous situation is detected. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Accurate lateral positioning from map data and road marking detection

We are witnessing the clash of two industries and the remaking of in-car market order, as the world of digital knowledge recently made a significant move toward the automotive industry. Mobile operating system providers are battling between each other to take over the in-vehicle entertainment and information systems, while car makers either line up behind their technology or try to keep control over the in-car experience. What is at stake is the map content and location-based services, two key enabling technologies of self-driving cars and future automotive safety systems. These content-based augmented geographic information systems (GIS) as well as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) require an accurate, robust, and reliable estimation of road scene attributes. Accurate localization of the vehicle is a challenging and critical task that natural GPS or classical filter (EKF) cannot reach. This paper proposes a new approach allowing us to give a first answer to the issue of accurate lateral positioning. The proposed approach is based on the fusion of 4 types of data: a GPS, a set of INS/odometer sensors, a road marking detection, and an accurate road marking map. The lateral road markings detection is done with the processing of two lateral cameras and provides an assessment of the lateral distance between the vehicle and the road borders. These information coupled with an accurate digital map of the road markings provide an efficient and reliable way to dramatically improve the localization obtained from only classical way (GPS/INS/Odometer). Moreover, the use of the road marking detection can be done only when the confidence is sufficiently high (punctual use). In fact, the vision processing and the map data can be used punctually only in order to update the classical localization algorithm. The temporary lack of vision data does not affect the quality of lateral positioning. In order to evaluate and validate this approach, a real test scenario was performed on Satory’s test track with real embedded sensors. It shows that the lateral estimation of the ego-vehicle positioning is performed with a sub-decimeter accuracy, high enough to be used in autonomous lane keeping, and land-based mobile mapping.     

智能车图像处理与识别算法研究

以全国飞思卡尔智能车大赛为背景,介绍了智能车工作的整体框架、图像采集以及图像处理与识别控制算法。智能车控制系统中选择索尼CCD传感器进行路径识别,对采集的视频数据二值化后进行图像处理,进而提取赛道两边的黑色边缘的中心位置,并以此作为小车的方向引导线,结合PID闭环控制算法控制舵机的转向,使得小车能够保证稳定性的前提下高速行驶。     

基于S3C2410嵌入式系统的防撞车系统研究

本系统是以微控制器S3C2410为核心。利用摄像头采集图像数据,将图像数据经过USB传输到ARM9开发板的处理器上,在Linux操作系统下对图像进行格式转换。经过最小二乘法和拉格朗日多项式拟合的高精度测距、测速函数进行处理。控制信号通过SPI总线传输到74HC595上,然后通过硬件驱动控制实验小车的减速装置,从而达到防撞车的目的。该系统通过wifi模块将未作处理的图像数据无线传输至上位机。通过人机交互处理其他相应状况。     

GIS中数字图像处理的研究

地理信息系统(GIS)用图像的形式显示和处理地理数据,从而,数字图像处理技术在GIS中的重要性日趋显现出来,文章介绍了 GIS和数字图像处理的基本概念;给出了GIS坐标转换的数学堪型,并结合实际着重分析了GIS数字图像压缩、GIS数字图像分割等技术;最 后指出了GIS中数字图像处理技术的发展趋势及面临的挑战。     

CYCLOPS: A mobile robotic platform for testing and validating image processing and autonomous navigation algorithms in support of artificial vision prostheses

While artificial vision prostheses are quickly becoming a reality, actual testing time with visual prosthesis carriers is at a premium. Moreover, it is helpful to have a more realistic functional approximation of a blind subject. Instead of a normal subject with a healthy retina looking at a low-resolution (pixelated) image on a computer monitor or head-mounted display, a more realistic approximation is achieved by employing a subject-independent mobile robotic platform that uses a pixelated view as its sole visual input for navigation purposes. We introduce CYCLOPS: an AWD, remote controllable, mobile robotic platform that serves as a testbed for real-time image processing and autonomous navigation systems for the purpose of enhancing the visual experience afforded by visual prosthesis carriers. Complete with wireless Internet connectivity and a fully articulated digital camera with wireless video link, CYCLOPS supports both interactive tele-commanding via joystick, and autonomous self-commanding. Due to its onboard computing capabilities and extended battery life, CYCLOPS can perform complex and numerically intensive calculations, such as image processing and autonomous navigation algorithms, in addition to interfacing to additional sensors. Its Internet connectivity renders CYCLOPS a worldwide accessible testbed for researchers in the field of artificial vision systems. CYCLOPS enables subject-independent evaluation and validation of image processing and autonomous navigation systems with respect to the utility and efficiency of supporting and enhancing visual prostheses, while potentially reducing to a necessary minimum the need for valuable testing time with actual visual prosthesis carriers.     

多源遥感图像融合的数据同化算法

为解决现有融合方法不能根据遥感图像的后续处理要求对融合规则进行自适应调整的问题, 本文结合模型算子和观测算子的优点构建数据同化系统, 提出了基于数据同化和遗传粒子群方法的遥感图像融合算法. 该算法将平移不变性小波变换作为模型算子, 将对比度金字塔作为观测算子. 由后续处理对图像属性指标的依赖程度确定属性指标的权重, 用评价指标的加权和构造目标函数, 并用遗传粒子群算法优化目标函数, 从而获取高清晰度的遥感图像. 本文通过遥感全色图像与多光谱图像、红外图像与可见光图像的融合证明了算法的优越性.     

Design challenges of an in-car communication system UI

The rapid development of in-car communication systems in recent years has enabled diverse information supplies in automobiles. The advantages of these systems may be obvious, but to apply telematic applications extensively in traffic, and especially in the car environment, calls for an understanding of the possible drawbacks and the means to minimise them.The research project in Nokia investigated different methods of implementing an in-car communication system, and different user interface solutions for them. The aim of the project was to identify the Uls for an in-car communication system that offers potential and to test these with end users.In this paper I will explore the present challenges of an in-car communication system UI design. I will go through a case study of a Nokia research project, and finally I will present some design implications concerning general UI design of an in-car communication system.     

通用遥感卫星快视处理系统技术研究

分析了各国遥感卫星传输格式复杂、多样的特点,针对由此而带来的记录系统快视处理和成像部分开发研制上的扩展性、可复用性较差的问题,开展了通用遥感卫星快视处理系统技术的研究。本文提出了一种通用快视数据格式、数据格式转换处理的方法,以及实现了通用多功能成像显示技术,并通过模拟多颗卫星数据以原码速率回放的手段,验证了快视系统设计的正确性。