Comparison of compressive and splitting tensile strength of high-strength concrete with and without polypropylene fibers heated to high temperatures

This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental study on the compressive and splitting tensile strength of high-strength concrete with and without polypropylene (PP) fibers after heating to 600 °C. Mixtures were prepared with water to cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.35, and 0.30 containing silica fume at 0%, 6%, and 10% cement replacement and polypropylene fibers content of 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg/m³. A severe strength loss was observed for all of the concretes after exposure to 600 °C, particularly the concretes containing silica fume despite their good mechanical properties at room temperature. The range of 300–600 °C was more critical for concrete having higher strength. The relative compressive strengths of concretes containing PP fibers were higher than those of concretes without PP fibers. The splitting tensile strength of concrete was more sensitive to high temperatures than the compressive strength. Furthermore, the presence of PP fibers was more effective for compressive strength than splitting tensile strength above 200 °C. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the addition of 2 kg/m³ PP fibers can significantly promote the residual mechanical properties of HSC during heating.     

硅灰对高强混凝土强度影响的试验研究

在高强混凝土中掺入适量的硅灰,对提高混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度有非常明显的效果,也可在一定程度上增强混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度.掺量低于或高于适量范围,对提高混凝土的强度作用很小.在实际工程混凝土中合理掺用硅灰,不仅可以提高混凝土的强度,而且变废为宝,改善环境,技术、经济和社会效益显著.     

The ITZ microstructure,thickness, porosity and its relation with compressive and flexural strength of cement mortar; influence of cement fineness and water/cement ratio

A new insight into the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in cement mortar specimens (CMSs) that is influenced by cement fineness is reported. The importance of cement fineness in ITZ characterizations such as morphology and thickness is elucidated by backscattered electron images and by consequences to the compressive (F_c) and flexural strength (F_f), and porosity at various water/cement ratios. The findings indicate that by increasing the cement fineness the calcium silicate hydrate formation in the ITZ is favored and that this can refine the pore structures and create a denser and more homogeneous microstructure. By increasing cement fineness by about 25% of, the ITZ thickness of CMSs was reduced by about 30% and F_c was increased by 7%–52% and F_f by 19%–40%. These findings illustrate that the influence of ITZ features on the mechanical strength of CMSs is mostly related to the cement fineness and ITZ microstructure.     

影响混凝土断裂性能若干因素的试验研究

采用RILEM推荐的双参数：临界应力强度因子(KIC^S)和临界裂缝尖端张开位移(CTODC),同时还采用了特征长度lch研究了不同粗骨料粒径、不同硅灰掺量以及不同养护条件下这3个因素对混凝土断裂特性的影响。试验结果表明,粗骨料粒径增大,高强混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量、劈拉强度和临界应力强度因子增大,脆性减小;标准养护时间越长,高强混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量、劈拉强度以及临界应力强度因子的值越大,混凝土的脆性越小;掺加硅灰提高了混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量、劈拉强度和临界应力强度因子,但却增大了混凝土的脆性。     

粗骨料粒径和硅灰对混凝土断裂性能影响的试验研究

应用双参数模型确定混凝土在不同粗骨料粒径和不同硅灰掺量时的临界应力强度子(K1c^s)和临界裂缝尖端张开位移(CTPDc)，同时利用特征长度l^ch研究粗骨料粒径和硅灰掺量对混凝土脆性的影响。文章也给出了相应的弹性模量、抗压强度以及抗拉强度。试验龄期为28天。试验结果表明，对于高强混凝土最大粗骨料粒径增大，弹性模量和抗压强度减小，而抗拉强度和临界应力强度因子以及材料的脆性增大；对于中等强度混凝土(MSC)，硅灰掺量为10％(硅灰／[硅灰 水泥])的混凝土(MSC-SF)的弹性模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度、临界应力强厦因子和脆性都大干不掺硅灰的MSC。     

Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete incorporating copper slag as coarse aggregate

Copper slag is a by-product obtained during the matte smelting and refining of copper. Current options of management of this slag are recycling, recovering of metal, production of value added products and disposal in slag dumps or stockpiles. This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using copper slag as coarse aggregates in high-strength concrete. The effects of replacing limestone coarse aggregate by copper slag coarse aggregate on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and rebound hammer values of high-strength concretes are evaluated in this work. Concrete mixtures containing different levels of silica fume were prepared with water to cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.35, and 0.30. The percentages of the cement replacements by silica fume were 0%, 6%, and 10%. The use of copper slag aggregate compared to limestone aggregate resulted in a 28-day compressive strength increase of about 10–15%, and a splitting tensile strength increase of 10–18%. It can be concluded from the results of this study that using copper slag as coarse aggregate in high-strength concrete is technically possible and useful.     

基于膨胀珍珠岩固载微生物的裂缝自修复混凝土劈裂抗拉强度试验研究

混凝土构件内部或表面难以避免出现裂缝,裂缝的产生会导致其耐久性降低。基于膨胀珍珠岩固载微生物的裂缝自修复混凝土具有良好的裂缝自修复能力,有效降低混凝土的维护费用。然而,随膨胀珍珠岩掺量的增大,混凝土的力学性能会显著降低。首先考察了膨胀珍珠岩掺量对该混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的降低程度,然后进一步考察了硅灰和聚丙烯纤维对该混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的增强作用。试验结果表明,当膨胀珍珠岩掺量由0增加到90%时,混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度降幅达62.1%;掺入硅灰可以明显提高该混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,当硅灰掺量由0增加到10.5%时,混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度增幅达25%;掺入聚丙烯纤维也可以显著提高该混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,当聚丙烯纤维掺量由0 kg/m^3增加到1.8 kg/m^3时,混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度由1.94 MPa增加到2.55 MPa,增幅为31.4%。     

钢纤维高强轻骨料混凝土力学性能的试验研究

轻骨料混凝土强度的提高导致了其脆性性能的增加,掺入钢纤维能对轻骨料混凝土起到增强、增韧效果。通过试验系统研究了LC50高强轻骨料混凝土在钢纤维体积率为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%时的基本力学性能,包括立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折初裂强度、抗折强度、静力受压弹性模量、泊松比和弯曲韧性等,并与国内外一些相关试验的结果进行了比较。试验结果表明:掺入钢纤维提高了轻骨料混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度和静力受压弹性模量,显著提高了轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和弯曲韧性。掺入钢纤维与否,以及采用轻骨料还是普通碎石骨料对混凝土的泊松比无明显影响。     

高炉矿渣骨料高强混凝土性能的试验分析

高炉矿渣粗骨料(BFSA)可用于配制高强混凝土(HSC)。通过5个不同水胶比(0.30、0.35、0.40、0.45、0.50)的BFSA混凝土与普通骨料混凝土(基准混凝土)在7d和28d龄期的抗压强度等力学性能比较,得出以BFSA生产的高强混凝土具有一系列优良性能,如不同水胶比的BFSA混凝土的抗压强度比相应的基准混凝土高出26%~87%;BFSA混凝土比基准混凝土具有更低的渗透性、更高的劈拉强度和更低的脆性。试验过程中,以10%的硅粉(SF)等量取代普通硅酸盐水泥,并掺加超塑化剂,从而有效改善BFSA混凝土的性能。为了便于比较,试验过程中保持所有混凝土拌合物坍落度相同。     

Performance of lightweight concrete with silica fume after high temperature

In this study, the effect of silica fume on compressive and splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete after high temperature was investigated experimentally and statistically. The mixes incorporating 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% silica fumes were prepared. After being heated to temperatures of 200, 400 and 800 °C, respectively, the compressive and splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete was tested. This article adopts Taguchi approach with an L₁₆ (4⁵) to reduce the numbers of experiment. Two control factors (percentage of silica fume and heating degree) for this study were used. The level of importance of these parameters on compressive and splitting tensile strength was determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method.     

The effects of silica fume and polypropylene fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete

Impact resistance and strength performance of concrete mixtures with 0.36 and 0.46 water–cement ratios made with polypropylene and silica fume are examined. Polypropylene fiber with 12-mm length and four volume fractions of 0%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% are used. In pre-determined mixtures, silica fume is used as cement replacement material at 8% weight of cement. The results show that incorporating polypropylene fibers improves mechanical properties. The addition of silica fume facilitates the dispersion of fibers and improves the strength properties, particularly the impact resistance of concretes. It is shown that using 0.5% polypropylene fiber in the silica fume mixture increases compressive split tensile, and flexural strength, and especially the performance of concrete under impact loading.     

纤维再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能及计算方法

通过聚烯烃合成纤维及钢纤维再生砖骨料混凝土的抗压和劈拉试验以及微观分析,研究了龄期和纤维类型对再生砖骨料混凝土抗压强度和劈拉强度的影响.结果表明:纤维提高了再生砖骨料混凝土不同龄期时的抗压强度和劈拉强度;与波浪型和连续刻痕型聚烯烃合成纤维相比,端钩型钢纤维对再生砖骨料混凝土抗压强度及劈拉强度的提高作用更加明显.最后,提出了考虑再生砖骨料压碎指标、再生砖骨料取代率、纤维类型和龄期等影响因素的纤维再生砖骨料混凝土抗压强度及劈拉强度计算方法.     

高强混凝土配合比设计的正交试验研究

用正交设计法配制高强混凝土,对影响混凝土抗压强度、劈拉强度和抗折强度的水胶比、减水剂掺量、矿渣微粉掺量和硅粉掺量等主要因素进行分析,确定高强混凝土合理的配合比,并回归分析了高强混凝土劈拉强度与抗折强度的关系。结果表明,水胶比和硅粉掺量对高强混凝土强度影响最为明显。     

Properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced silica fume expansive-cement concrete

This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the mechanical properties of expansive-cement concrete containing silica fume and polypropylene fibers. Properties studied include those of the fresh mix properties, length change, rapid chloride permeability, compressive strength, flexural behavior, and bond of hardened concrete. Silica fume content used was 5 and 10% and fiber volume fraction was 0.10, 0.30, and 0.50%. Results show that the use of 5% silica fume combined with 0.30% fiber volume fraction results in optimum mixture design for repair applications from the standpoints of workability, bond, strength, length change and permeability.     

几种抗冲磨混凝土性能试验研究

分别对掺加硅粉、HLC-Ⅲ硅粉抗磨蚀刺及HLC-Ⅸ聚羧酸盐高效减水剂3种混凝土的力学性能、变形性能和抗冲磨性能与普通粉煤灰混凝土进行了比较.试验结果表明:掺入HLC-Ⅲ硅粉抗磨蚀剂后,28 d抗压强度、28 d劈裂抗拉强度及28 d轴心抗拉强度的提高值分别为38.8%、36.5%和37.1%;90 d干缩值降低24.3%;28 d抗压弹模及28 d极限拉伸值分别为46.1 GPa和1.42 × 10-4;抗冲磨强度提高53.9%,磨损率降低36.0%;其综合性能超过另外几种方案,在实际应用中具有突出优势.     

Influence of pozzolan from various by-product materials on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete

This paper presents experimentally investigated the effects of pozzolan made from various by-product materials on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. Ground pulverized coal combustion fly ash (FA), ground fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FB), ground rice husk–bark ash (RHBA), and ground palm oil fuel ash (POFA) having median particle sizes less than 11 μm were used to partially replace Portland cement type I to cast high-strength concrete. The results suggest that concretes containing FA, FB, RHBA, and POFA can be used as pozzolanic materials in making high-strength concrete with 28-day compressive strengths higher than 80 MPa. After 7 days of curing, the concretes containing 10–40% FA or FB and 10–30% RHBA or POFA exhibited higher compressive strengths than that of the control concrete (CT). The use of FA, FB, RHBA, and POFA to partially replace Portland cement type I has no significant effect on the splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity as compared to control concrete or silica fume concretes. This results suggest that the by-products from industries can be used to substitute Portland cement to produce high-strength concrete without alteration the mechanical properties of concrete.     

混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

针对当前高层建筑物中普通混凝土自重大,而轻骨料混凝土强度较普通混凝土低的现状,以不同玄武岩纤维体积率(V_b)、聚丙烯纤维体积率(V_p)和陶粒代取代率(R_c)为影响因素,利用正交试验法设计了9组混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土(HF-LWC),进行了抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验,并基于试验结果建立了强度预测模型。结果表明:三种因素对抗折强度的提升幅度大于对抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的提升幅度,最大增幅为45.23%;随着V_b的增加,HF-LWC的强度逐渐增大,且V_b对HF-LWC强度的影响最显著;当V_b为0.2%、V_p为0.1%、R_c为10%时,HF-LWC强度最佳;拟合得出的HF-LWC抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度模型的精度较高。     

Frequency response requirements for fluctuating wind pressure measurements

The frequency response requirements for measuring fluctuating wind pressures were examined by analysing full scale data collected at the Texas Tech Wind Engineering Field Research Laboratory It was found that mean peak pressures adjacent to separation and reattachment points were attenuated when the instrumentation frequency response was below 10 Hz for mean wind speeds of 10 m/s. This corresponds to a full scale wavelength of 1 m. For pressures away from these regions and for area-averaged pressures, the cut-off wavelength was higher. A reasonable collapse of the available data for response ratios under separated flow was obtained indicating that attenuation of mean peak pressures could be expected for V/n_cB>0.1 (mean reference velocity V, cut-off frequency n_c and smallest building plan dimennsion B). These findings have implications for the frequency response of wind tunnel model studies investigating peak pressure distributions.     

海水海砂钢纤维混凝土的基本力学性能

制备了强度等级为C30、C50和C70的海水海砂钢纤维混凝土试件,通过180个标准立方体和72个棱柱体试件,完成了工作性、立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及弹性模量试验,得到了基于两种规范模式下海水海砂钢纤维混凝土的弹性模量与立方体抗压强度的关系公式。结果表明,海水海砂能够配置成工作性良好的高强混凝土,钢纤维有利于提升混凝土拌合物的流动性。对于混凝土抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量四个指标,海水海砂混凝土均略低于普通混凝土,且随着混凝土强度等级的提高,差距逐渐减小,此外,随着钢纤维体积掺量的增加,上述指标值均逐渐增大。海水海砂混凝土的弹性模量与抗压强度关系模型与试验数据吻合较好,且具有一定安全储备,可供沿海、海岛土木加固工程借鉴。     

Production of high strength concrete by use of industrial by-products

Blast furnace slag aggregates (BFSA) were used to produce high-strength concretes (HSC). These concretes were made with total cementitious material content of 460–610 kg/m³. Different water/cement ratios (0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50) were used to carry out 7- and 28-day compressive strength and other properties. Silica fume and a superplasticizer were used to improve BFSA concretes. Slump was kept constant throughout this study. Ten percent silica fume was added as a replacement for ordinary portland cement (OPC) in order to obtain HSC. The silica fume was used as highly effective micro-filler and pozzolanic admixture. Superplasticizer at dosages of 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5% and 0% by OPC weight for 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50 w/c ratios, respectively, were adopted. Results showed that compressive strength of BFSA concretes were approximately 60–80% higher than traditional (control) concretes for different w/c ratios. These concretes also had low absorption and high splitting tensile strength values. It is concluded that BFSA, in combination with other supplementary cementitious materials, can be utilized in making high strength concretes.