自激振荡射流喷嘴研究进展

论文总结了自激振荡射流的特点及应用,阐述了自激振荡脉冲射流的产生机理和喷嘴设计关键,分析了自激振荡脉冲喷嘴的频率特性,指出了自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的发展方向。     

自激振荡射流喷嘴内部流场及雾化效果的数值模拟

为了提高喷嘴的雾化效果,将液体射流的自激振荡理论与压力喷嘴雾化进行结合,建立自激振荡射流喷嘴的数值模型,并运用Fluent软件研究体腔系数和射流压力对内部流场及雾化效果的影响。结果表明:喷嘴斜壁的设计使得液体发生反弹和振荡现象,最初在喷嘴射流出口处发生原生涡环,之后逐步向四周扩散,并传动到整个喷嘴内部;随着体腔系数的增大,速度峰值呈先增大后减小的抛物线变化趋势,雾化粒度的变化规律与之相反;确定最佳的体腔系数范围为0.6~1.2,射流压力为3~5 MPa。     

空调喷水室喷嘴的理论与实验研究

本文介绍了西北纺织工学院空调教研室从事空调喷水室热质交换理论计算,空调喷嘴实验研究及新型喷嘴开发研制的研究情况并提出了今后的研究方向。     

国内外空调喷水室喷嘴的综合分析

本文详细介绍了国内外空调喷水室喷嘴的研究动态,分析了目前空调喷嘴研制生产中存在的主要问题,指出了今后空调喷嘴的研究改进方向。     

电控双阀泵喷嘴响应时间测试方法研究

为客观、定量地评价电控双阀泵喷嘴快速响应能力,准确测量其响应时间,该文基于单片机技术设计一套检测系统。首先通过凸轮驱动泵喷嘴柱塞泵油,再通过驱动电路驱动电磁阀动作以实现喷射,利用动态压力传感器实时检测喷嘴端的压力波形并找出特征值,实现响应时间的测量。实验结果表明:该方法综合考虑到各种干扰因素,测量数据能准确反映泵喷嘴的真实性能,对比实验也能验证该方法的可行性。     

高速振荡脉冲射流振荡腔内涡旋—碰撞壁相互作用的模拟分析与实验

本文利用离散涡旋模型模拟了振荡腔内涡旋与碰撞壁的相互作用,讨论了三种碰撞壁的保角变换。通过数值计算得出了锥形碰撞壁对自激振荡压力影响最大和椭圆形碰撞壁影响较低的结论,并进行了间接的对比实验验证。实验结果与理论分析相一致。     

双介质喷嘴雾化特性数值模拟研究

目的 双介质喷嘴雾化效果直接影响烟卷加料工艺的进一步提升,通过对雾化过程进行数值模拟,方便对雾化特性进行透彻的分析,提升雾化效果。方法 采用数值模拟方法构建两相流连续相流场与DPM离散态双向耦合的数值模型,研究蒸汽压力、液体流量以及双介质喷嘴结构对喷嘴雾化特性的影响。结果 适当增加蒸汽压力,可以在不影响最大流速、颗粒粒径均匀度及颗粒中值粒径的情况下,减小雾化扩散角,小幅度地增加喷射距离,雾化细度变好,进而提高雾化效果。随着有机液流量的增加,雾化扩散角增大,喷射距离增加,雾化粒径均匀度变好,从而使雾化效果变好。液体路通流面积越大喷雾的贯穿距离越小,气路通流面积越大喷雾的雾化扩散角度越大。若需要得到较好的雾化效果,需要保证较小的蒸汽路通流面积,与此同时液路侧保持正常开度。结论 适当地提高有机液流量或者蒸汽压力,以及采用较小蒸汽路通流面积,同时液路侧保持正常开度的结构,有利于提高料液喷洒的均匀性,减少了料液的浪费,提高了烟丝制备的工艺水平。     

气液双介质喷嘴雾化特性的影响因素研究

目的 气液双介质喷嘴的应用是烟叶加料工艺的关键因素之一,通过采用现有的模拟手段实现加料过程的高精化,为优化实验奠定基础。方法 文中以外混式双介质喷嘴为研究对象,通过构建基于DPM的数值模型,研究不同蒸汽入口压力与针阀位置对喷嘴雾化的气动性能与粒径特性的影响规律。结果 研究表明,喷嘴出口通流面积越大,气流高速区离喷嘴越近,但蒸汽与料液的速度最大值并未有较大变化,此时液滴喷射距离由远变近,喷射半角由小变大。随着蒸汽压力的增大,气流速度以及高速区长度变大,蒸汽压力为0.1 MPa时,气流速度的最大值与蒸汽压力为0.4 MPa时的相差近25%;不同压力下喷射角变化范围较小,为21.5°~23.5°;除此之外,喷雾束变集中,定向性变好,有助于控制其在烟叶表面喷射的均匀性。结论 对于较近的烟叶墙,采用较大流通截面积的喷嘴结构有利于均匀地覆盖烟叶墙,相反,对于较远的烟叶墙,则适合采用较小流通截面积的结构。适当地提高压力有利于提高料液喷洒的均匀性,减少料液的浪费,提高烟丝制备的工艺水平。     

单腔双光梳激光器及其应用研究

双光梳技术凭借其超高的频率分辨力与检测精度成为当今科研领域探索的重点。本文分别介绍了利用电光调制、微谐振腔、相位锁定两台独立的锁模激光器、单腔双光梳激光器产生双光梳的方法,重点阐述了基于单腔双波长激光器的双光梳产生方法集成度高、结构较简单、成本低的优势;之后详细介绍了目前单腔双光梳激光器中,双波长腔内运转的脉冲波形复用法、空间复用法、方向复用法、波长复用法和偏振复用法的工作原理及最前沿的研究进展;最后,具体分析了单腔双光梳在光谱学、测距、光纤传感等领域的应用情况,并展望未来单腔双光梳的研究与发展方向,为推动单腔双光梳技术性能的进一步提升和广泛应用提供借鉴。     

涂布嘴双腔结构理论分析

本文分析涂布嘴双腔结构里的流体压力波动的传播、反射的叠加过程,给出经腔体衰减的流体压力波动比公式。说明合理的双腔结构不仅在宽度方向上,而且在随时间变化上都将使流体压力波动明显衰减,从而平抑涂布嘴出口流体流速波动,提高涂布纵横向均匀性。     

亥姆霍兹上喷嘴出口结构对射流振荡特性的影响

应用FLUENT软件对二维的亥姆霍兹喷嘴自振射流进行了模拟,并以此为基础研究了上喷嘴出口凸出部深入振荡腔对亥姆霍兹喷嘴自激振荡特性的影响。结果表明,上喷嘴的出口凸出部长度和喷嘴壁厚度都对自激振荡特性产生显著的影响。长度为0～0.15D_1时,自振射流的脉动幅值可以提高20%～80%,提升幅度在射流速度较低时更大;凸出部长度为0.15～0.25D_1时,射流振幅的提升逐渐降低;长度0.25～0.3D_1时,射流振幅比普通喷嘴更低,稳定性下降;长度超过0.3D_1时自振射流会完全消失。凸出部分喷嘴壁厚度在0δ0.1D_1范围内对射流性能几乎没有影响,但随着厚度δ的不断增大,性能会减弱,δ0.15D_1时无法形成自振射流。总之,上喷嘴出口凸出可改善射流振荡性能,但长度和厚度需在一定范围内,否则无法产生自振射流。     

利用外加气体改进自激振荡脉冲射流的动态特性

本分析了控制自然振荡脉冲射流的动态特性的几种方式，建立了振荡腔内碰撞剪切流动中的声速模型，着重探讨了外加空气对射流振荡频率的影响。研究表明：振荡腔内气体含量对自激振荡脉冲射流的振荡频率有很大影响，气体含量少，振荡频率高，气体含量高，振荡频率低。实验和理论分析相一致。     

Strength analysis and optimization of the barrel nozzle of a powder water cannon

We perform the optimization of the barrel nozzle of a powder water cannon. The nozzle profile is specified, which makes it possible to obtain impulsive water jets with the required velocities for the minimum pressure inside the installation. The stress-strain state is analyzed both for the actual experimental device and in the case of its optimal geometry. The numerical calculations are carried out according to the maximum distribution of the pressure of water upon the barrel obtained by using the Godunov method, which enables us to construct a lighter mobile and more powerful device. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 2, pp. 137–146, March–April, 2006.     

GMA在脉冲喷射开关阀中的应用

 通过分析脉冲喷射开关阀的工作性能,提出致动器是决定脉冲喷射开关阀特性的关键因素.对比3种致动器的性能参数,指出GMA更适合脉冲喷射开关阀的工作要求.GMA的性能分析和仿真结果给出了在脉冲喷射开关阀中工作的GMA的静、动态特性.脉冲喷射开关阀单脉冲流量实验曲线表明：脉冲喷射开关阀的单脉冲流量随励磁电流的变化规律与GMA的磁致伸缩曲线特性相似,在GMA的磁致伸缩曲线的线性区即可满足单脉冲喷射流量要求.动态实验中,脉冲喷射开关阀的阀芯位移阶跃响应上升时间只有0.81 ms,远远满足脉冲喷射开关阀应用的工作频率要求.     

Radio frequency transistors based on ultra-high purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes with superior extrinsic maximum oscillation frequency

In this paper, we report polyfluorene-separated ultra-high purity semiconducting carbon nanotube radio frequency transistors with a self-aligned T-shape gate structure. Because of the ultra-high semiconducting tube purity and self-aligned T-shape gate structure, these transistors showed an excellent direct current and radio frequency performance. In regard to the direct current characteristics, these transistors showed a transconductance up to 40 μS/μm and an excellent current saturation behavior with an output resistance greater than 200 kΩ·μm. In terms of the radio frequency characteristics, an extrinsic maximum oscillation frequency (f _max) of 19 GHz was achieved, which is a record among all kinds of carbon nanotube transistors, and an extrinsic current gain cut-off frequency (f _T) of 22 GHz was achieved, which is the highest among transistors based on carbon nanotube networks. Our results take the radio frequency performance of carbon nanotube transistors to a new level and can further accelerate the application of carbon nanotubes for future radio frequency electronics.

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行波热声发电系统自激振荡的非线性动力学研究

利用非线性热声网络模型建立了一种行波热声发电系统的简化动力学演化方程,考察了系统自激振荡过程。重点探究非线性热声效应的影响,并与仅考虑线性热声效应的情况进行对比。结果表明,当仅考虑线性热声效应时,振荡曲线不断增大,无法达到稳定值;而考虑非线性热声效应时,自激振荡最后达到稳定幅值。进一步研究得出,系统电机的非线性阻尼系数越大,系统稳定后的振荡幅值越小。对不同电机非线性阻尼系数时系统产生的振荡曲线作频谱分析,计算结果和实际情况相近。最后考察了回热器未达临界温度梯度时系统的自激振荡过程。     

微型回热器等效直径与振荡频率的理论研究

通过对微通道中影响振荡流体的粘性损失的两个准则数的论述,得出实际的微型热声制冷机微通道回热器的等效直径、驱动膜片的振幅以及对应的辐射声功等参数的对应关系,即是:回热器通道直径或通道等效水力直径必须满足高频下的沃姆斯莱数小于5的限制;同时还必须满足在高频下的马赫数小于0.1;频率的上限也必须满足马赫数、沃姆斯莱数、回热器微孔直径以及膜振动平均位移计算前提(ka＜0.5).     

Theoretical analysis of piercing delicate materials with abrasive water‐jet

Abstract

An abrasive water‐jet cutting process is a process in which water is pressurized up to a very high value and forced through a very small orifice to form a very thin high speed jet beam. This thin jet beam is then directed through a chamber and fed to a secondary nozzle, which is called mixing tube. During this process, a vacuum is generated in the chamber, and abrasives and air are pulled into the chamber, through an abrasive feed tube. Usually, it takes a short time for abrasives to travel through the length of the tube and to be entrained into the jet. Before that, the jet impinging onto the solid surface is void of abrasives. During that short moment, the target material is exposed to a very high dynamic load. Although this high dynamic load only acts on target material for a very short period of time, its high value may crack target material quickly. This paper explores the theory behind the cracking phenomenon. Based on this exploration, understanding the piercing process completely becomes feasible.     

旋进射流流动的大涡模拟

分析了基于流体附壁效应而自激产生的旋进射流的流动特征,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法研究了射流喷嘴内部的流场.数值模拟得到了流场的速度分布和压力分布,比较了膨胀比、长径比等喷嘴结构参数以及雷诺数对旋进射流流动的影响.数值模拟表明旋进射流的轴向流动速度衰减得很快,流场中存在明显的旋流、附壁效应和反向回流现象,所得到的结果与已有的分析结论基本吻合.     

Investigation of multiple process parameters in abrasive water jet machining of tiles

This paper discusses the optimization of an abrasive water jet machining process with multiple characteristics, using the Taguchi orthogonal array and grey relational analysis (GRA). The machining process variables, such as mesh size, nozzle diameter, abrasive flow rate, water pressure, stand-off distance, and feed rate, were optimized with respect to multiple performance characteristics, namely, the surface roughness and the kerf angle. Experiments were performed using an L₁₈ orthogonal array, and the optimum machining process variables were determined, using GRA. Analysis of variance was used to identify the most significant factor in the machining performance. A confirmatory test was performed to verify the improvement of the performance characteristics. The microstructure of the machined surfaces was also examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the surface roughness and kerf angle were minimized under optimal machining conditions.