口译复述练习常见错误类型及应对策略

复述练习(summarization)是交替传译的一项重要练习.其目的是培养学生从语言中分离出意义、逻辑分析、理解以及清晰表述的能力.本文以口译释意理论为指导,论述了学生在源语复述练习中常见的错误,并提出教师的应对策略.     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME RARE EARTH COMPLEXES WITH N-(2-HYDROXY-ETHYL)-SALICYLADIMINE

ealienni and his eoworker(l)reported the synthesis of sehiff bases derived from theeondensation of salieylaldehyde and substituted salieylaldehydes with various amino aleo-hols and the Preparation of the Eu(111)complexes with sueh ligands.There have also beenreported‘2)the synthesis and antitumo:aetivities。f the eo(且),Ni(n),eu(且)and zn(11)eomPlexes withN一(2一hydroxy一ethyl)一salieyladimine(HZESI)However,the rare eartheomPlex with HZESI has not been rePorted 50 far.Sinee some rare ea…     

化学有序及磁有序在铁基合金相平衡影响方面的交互作用

It is well known that the magnetic properties such as the Curie temperature TmagC and the mean magnetic moment β of ordered compounds have different values from those of the disordered solutions. For instance, both Tcmag and β of the Ni3 Pt (L12) and NiPt (L10) and Tcmag of the CoPt (L10) and CoPt3 (L12) ordered compounds are strongly depressed due to the ordering compared with those of the metastable disordered Ni-Pt and Co-Pt alloys. On the other hand, the γ-FeNi3(L12) and the α-FeCo (B2) ordered compounds have higher Tcmag and β values comparing with the disordered solution phases, γ (A1) and α (A2), respectively. In consequence, the stability of the ordered phase is depressed or enhanced due to the interaction between the chemical and magnetic ordering caused by the decrease or increase of Tcmag and β values. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the interaction between the chemical and the magnetic ordering on the phase equilibria in the Fe-X(X=Al, Co, Ni, Rh, Si) binary systems.The Gibbs energy of the α(A2), γ(A1) and liquid phases is described by a sub-regular solution approximatior. The ordering contribution to the Gibbs energy ,ΔGmorder, and deviations of magnetic properties, ΔTcmag and Δβ, of the ordered compounds, FeAl(B2), Fe3 Al (D03), FeCo (B2), FeRh (B2), FeSi (B2), Fe3 Si (D03) and FeNi3 (L12) is introduced by the split compound energy formalism. Effect of the interaction between the chemical ordering, B2, D03 and L12 and the magnetic ordering on the phase equilibria will be discussed according to the calculated phase diagrams of the Fe-X binary systems.     

重视复述训练提高表达能力

复述是指学生把读到的或听到的语言材料在充分理解的基础上用口头语言表达出来的一种说话方式.它在整个小学语文教学中有着十分重要的作用,在语文课堂教学中经常进行复述课文的训练,可帮助学生加深对文章内容的理解,提高学生的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力.     

STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF RTiFe_(11),RTiCo_(11) AND RTi(Fe_(1-x)Ni_x)_(11) COMPOUNDS(R=Nd,Sm,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er AND Y)

The crystallographic structure and intrinsic magnetic properties have been investigated in the RTiFe_(11),RTiCo_(11) and RTi(Fe_(1-X)Ni_X)_(11) compounds,where R represents Nd,Sm,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er and Y.Neutrondiffraction and Mossbauer spectra analyses have been used to study the nuclear and magnetic structure ofthese compounds.the Fe,Co,Ni and Ti atoms are found to exhibit strong site preference with f and j sites fa-voring Fe,Co and Ni atoms and the i site Ti atoms.Two different types of magnetic behavior were observed inthe RTiFe_(11) and RTiCo_(11) compounds.In the former,the interatomic distance and the number of nearestneighbor atoms play essential roles.In particular,anomalous thermal expansion behavior is presented inRTiFe_(11).In the latter,the magnetic properties are essentially determined by the modification of the cobaltelectronic configuration brought about by the transfer of rare earth conduction electrons to the transition 3dband.The saturation magnetization,Curie temperature and magnetocrystalline anisotropy data of RTiFe_(11),RTiCo_(11)and YTi(Fe_(1-X)Ni_X)_(11)are presented.A tempt to improve the intrinsic magnetic properties inRTiFe_(11)has been made,and the results are reported.On the basis of the crystalline field theory by using asingle-ion model,the anisotropy constants and their temperature dependence of the R ions have been calcu-lated,which helps explain the spin reorientation observed in RTiFe_(11).     

Evaluation of Ce(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) adsorption from aqueous solution using CTS-g-(AA-co-SS)/ISC hybrid hydrogel adsorbent

CTS-g-(AA-co-SS)/ISC hybrid hydrogel adsorbent with crosslinked network structure and superior adsorption performance for rare-earth metal ions was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution by a simple one-step free-radical grafting polymerization reaction among acrylic acid(AA), sodium p-styrenesulfonate(SS) and chitosan(CTS) using illite/smectite clay(ISC) as the inorganic additive. The structure of the as-prepared CTS-g-(AA-co-SS)/ISC hydrogel adsorbent was characterized, and the reaction parameters such as AA/SS molar ratio and ISC content were optimized, and the effects of pH values, initial concentration and contact time on the adsorption performance for Ce(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) were systematically evaluated. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacities of the hydrogel adsorbent toward Ce(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) reached 174.05 and 223.79 mg/g, respectively, and the adsorption quickly achieved equilibrium within 15–20 min. The adsorbed Ce(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) could be easily desorbed for recovery, and the used adsorbent was able to be regenerated for reuse. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the regenerated adsorbent could still retain the adsorption capacities that were close to the initial value. The adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic mode and the Langmuir isotherm model, and the chemical complexation between ions and –COO~–was mainly responsible for the high adsorption capacity. As a whole, the hybrid hydrogel adsorbent was potential to be used for the adsorption and recovery of Ce(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) from water.     

Adsorption of arsenate and arsenite from aqueous solutions by cerium-loaded cation exchange resin

The removal of arsenic from water and wastewater is obligatory.Resin is one of the most effective adsorbents for the removal of arsenic.In order to improve the adsorption capacity of resin,a new cerium-loaded cation exchange resin arsenic adsorbent was prepared by impregnating cerium into the cation exchange resin.Batch adsorption experiments under various conditions,such as time,temperature,pH and with coexisting ions were carried out to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of cerium-loaded resin in the removal of As(Ⅴ)and As(Ⅲ) from aqueous solutions.The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of As(Ⅴ)and As(Ⅲ)obeyed a pseudo second-order kinetic model and the adsorption rate constants were 0.3159 and 0.5215 g·mg-1 ·min-1 ,respectively.The adsorption of As(Ⅴ)followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and the adsorption isotherm data for As(Ⅲ)fitted well to the Langmuir equation model.The adsorption capacities were 1.0278 mg/g for As(Ⅴ)and 2.5297 mg/g for As(Ⅲ).Both the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)and As(Ⅲ)were found to be pH sensitive and the optimum pH was found to be 5-6.Except for the phosphate ion,the coexisting anionics,such as nitrate,chlorate,sulphate and carbonate,showed no remarkable effect on As(Ⅴ)and As(Ⅲ)adsorption.The desorption and regeneration study showed that the adsorption capacity of Ce-loaded resin for As(Ⅴ)and As(Ⅲ)could be restored to 97.80%and 69.61%,respectively,using 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution.     

Cytotoxicity of new Ho(Ⅲ) and Pr(Ⅲ) complexes

New complexes of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid(HCCA) with Ho(Ⅲ) and Pr(Ⅲ) were synthesized and their structures and spectral properties were investigated by elemental analysis,IR,Raman and NMR measurements.According to the experimental data the complexes’ formula and geometries were suggested.Vibrational frequencies,IR intensities and Raman activities as well as 1H NMR chemical shifts of HCCA and its Ho(Ⅲ) and Pr(Ⅲ) complexes were presented.The comparative experimental vibrational and NMR analyses of both the ligand and the Ln(Ⅲ) complexes predicted the bidentate binding to Ho(Ⅲ) and Pr(Ⅲ) through the deprotonated carboxylic oxygen and the carbonylic oxygen of the ligand.The cytotoxic/cytostatic properties of the ligand and the newly synthesized complexes of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid with Ho(Ⅲ) and Pr(Ⅲ) were tested by MTT reduction assay against two mouse tumor cell lines:melanoma B16 and fibrosarcoma L929.They were also tested for cytotoxicity against normal mouse peritoneal macrophages.The proliferation inhibitory effect of the complexes compared to that of the ligand proved their cytotoxic/cytostatic properties against both the tumor cell lines.In addition,the complexes were less cytotoxic against normal mouse macrophages and were able to modulate NO release by activated macrophages.The obtained results were in accordance with our previously published data concerning the activity of lanthanide(Ⅲ) complexes with other coumarin derivatives.     

Roles of Ceria on Copper and Manganese Oxides Catalyst——Adsorption of NO and CO

A microreactor system and TPD techniques were used to study the reaction kinetics of the CO+NO reaction and the adsorption of CO,NO,CO_2 and N_2O over Cu-Mn-O(Ⅰ)and Cu-Mn-Ce-O(Ⅱ)catalysts.The results show that the catalytic activity of(Ⅱ)is higher than that of(Ⅰ)for the CO+NO reac-tion,and the higher the conversion of NO,the larger was the activity difference between(Ⅰ)and(Ⅱ).For(Ⅰ)the rate of NO elimination is dependent on the partial pressures of NO,CO,CO_2 with the kinetics or-ders of 0.48,0.56,0.08,respectively.The TPD study shows that the presence of Ce in(Ⅱ)may promote theadsorption of NO,CO on the surface,i.e.an increase of the coverage θ_(NO),θ_(CO),which result in a decrease ofthe hindrance of the reaction products.For CO_2 and N_2O the situation is in the opposite,the presence of Cemakes the θ_(CO)_2)and θ_(NO)on(Ⅱ)decrease,which weakens the inhibition of CO_2 for the reaction.     

Luminescence study of europium(III) tris(β-diketonato)/phosphonate complexes in chloroform

The extraction of Eu(III) with β-diketone, HA, and monodentate or bidentate Lewis bases, B, into chloroform and the luminescence properties of the extracted species were studied. Pivaloyltrifluoroacetone, Hpta, and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, Htta, were used as the β-diketones. The Lewis bases, B, were tetraethyl methylene diphosphonate, POPO, which was bidentate, and diethyl benzylphosphonate, PhPO which was monodentate. Based on the extraction data, the stability constants, log β of the first complexes between tris(β-diketonato)Eu(III) and the phosphonate, EuA3B, were determined to be 6.0 for the POPO complex and 3.40 for the PhPO complex. The Eu(III) luminescence intensity in the EuA3POPO was larger than EuA3 where A was either pta or tta at similar concentrations of Eu(III), while that in Eu(pta)3PhPO was stronger than EuA3; however, in Eu(tta)3PhPO, it was weaker than Eu(tta)3. The POPO functions as a sensitizer, and the PhPO functions as a quencher for the tta chelate and as a sensitizer for the pta chelate. From the lifetime and quantum yield, φ, of the Eu(III) luminescence in the complexes as well as the observation of the extractability of Eu(III) with the Hpta and the phosphonates and of the luminescence spectra of the complexes, it was confirmed that the extraction of Eu(III) was remarkably enhanced with a β-diketonate and a strong Lewis base, and also the ternary complex that was formed as the extracted species, showed luminescence enhancement. This phenomenon may be due the formation of a strong bond between the Eu(III) and the strong Lewis base leading to more hydrophobicity in the extracted species and also to more effective energy transfer from the Lewis base to the Eu(III). It was not significant whether the donor atoms were N or O.     

高职生语言训练ABC

高职生专业"偏浅",求职应聘需付出更多的艰辛,才能挤进一席之位.因此,在高职院校强化训练语言尤为重要.语言训练分为听音--朗读--复述--发言--辩论五步,系统完整训练是行之有效的科学方法.     

Spectroscopic investigations on the effect of humic acid on the formation and solubility of secondary solid phases of Ln_2（CO_3）_3

The formation of secondary Ln(III) solid phases (e.g., Nd2(CO3)3 and Sm2(CO3)3) was studied as a function of the humic acid concentration in 0.1 mol/L NaClO4 aqueous solution in the neutral pH range (5-6.5). The solid phases under investigation were prepared by alkaline precipitation under 100% CO2 atmosphere and characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DR-UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The spectroscopic data obtained indicated that Nd2(CO3)3 and Sm2(CO3)3 were stable and remained the solubility limiting solid phases even in the presence of increased humic acid concentration (0.5 g/L) in solution. Upon base addition in the Ln(III)-HA system, decomplexation of the previously formed Ln(III)-humate complexes and precipitation of two distinct phases occurred, the inorganic (Ln2(CO3)3) and the organic phase (HA), which was adsorbed on the particle surface of the former. Nevertheless, humic acid affected the particle size of the solid phases. Increasing humic acid concentration resulted in decreasing crystallite size of the Nd2(CO3)3 and increasing crystallite size of the Sm2(CO3)3 solid phase, and affected inversely the solubility of the solid phases. However, this impact on the solid phase properties was expected to be of minor relevance regarding the chemical behavior and migration of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in the geosphere.     

Synthesis and Luminescence of MeSiO_3:Eu,Bi Luminophors(Me=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)

The luminophors of four kinds of alkaline earth meta-silicates doped with Eu~3 and/or Bi~(3 )ion(s)weresynthesized and the luminescence properties of Bi~(3 )and Eu~(3 )ions were studied.The regularities that Me(Ⅱ)ions affect the luminescence of Eu~(3 )ion sensitized by Bi~(3 )ion were investigated.The optimum composition andsynthesis condition were obtained.The absorption and emission peak are situated at 283 and 353nm with theoptimum concentration 0.02 mol of Bi~(3 )in CaSiO_3:Bi.In CaSiO_3:Bi,the optimum concentration of Bi~(3 )is0.007 mol and that of Eu~(3 )is 0.040 mol.For all of the alkaline earth ions concerned in MeSiO_3:Eu,Bi,theBi~(3 )can sensitize the Eu~(3 )and the Me(Ⅱ)ions in host and make a great difference in the adsorption hand ofBi~(3 )ion.by exciting Bi~(3 )ion,the emissions are from both Eu~(3 )and Bi~(3 )ions and the best sensitization effectis achieved when Me(Ⅱ)is Sr.     

Hydrogen storage thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of PrMg12-type alloys synthesized by mechanical milling

To improve the hydrogen storage performance of PrMg_(12)-type alloys,Ni was adopted to replace partially Mg in the alloys. The PrMg_(11)Ni+x wt.% Ni( x = 100,200) alloys were prepared via mechanical m illing. The phase structures and m orphology of the experim ental alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transm ission electron microscopy. The results show that increasing milling time and Ni content accelerate the form ation of nanocrystalline and am orphous structure. The gaseous hydrogen storage properties of the experim ental alloys were determ ined by differential scanning calorim etry( DSC) and Sievert apparatus. In addition,increasing milling time makes the hydrogenation rates of the alloys augment firstly and decline subsequently and the dehydrogenation rate always increases. The maximum capacity is 5. 572 wt. % for the x = 100 alloy and 5. 829 wt. % for the x = 200 alloy,respectively. The enthalpy change( ΔH),entropy change( ΔS) and the dehydrogenation activation energy( E_k~(de)) markedly lower with increasing the milling time and the Ni content due to the generation of nanocrystalline and amorphous structure.     

Tribological properties of nanometer cerium oxide as additives in lithium grease

This paper presents a comparative study of the influence of nanometer-CeO_2(nano-CeO_2) and temperature on tribological and lubricating properties of lithium grease. The morphology and structure of nanocrystals were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), respectively. Friction and wear tests were conducted on the friction and wear tester.Results show that the lithium grease with addition of nanometer-CeO_2 has much better friction-reducing and anti-wear performance than that of base grease. When the additive in grease is 0.6 wt%, the friction coefficient(COF) and wear scar diameter(WSD) decrease by 28% and 13% comparing with base grease,respectively. The base grease and grease with 0.6 wt% nanometer-CeO_2 both possess the lowest average COF and wear width at 50 ℃. The worn surface morphology after friction test was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and NANOVEA three-dimensional profilometer. Under the lubrication of the lithium grease containing 0.6 wt% nano-CeO_2. few shallow furrows can be observed on the quite smoothed surface and the WSD decreased. Moreover, It was found that the nano-CeO_2 has been incorporated into the surface protective and lubricious layer by energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) analysis.     

Crystal structure,microstructure and magnetic properties of SmCo-based films treated by different annealing methods

Effect of conventional thermal annealing(CTA) and rapid recurrent thermal annealing(RRTA) processes on crystal structure,mi-crostructure,and magnetic properties of the SmCo-based films were investigated.The results indicated that the CTA-treated films exhibited poor permanent magnetic properties,and a low intrinsic coercivity of 72.8 kA/m was observed.Wide hysteresis loop was obtained for the RRTA-treated films,providing better permanent magnetic properties.The intrinsic coercivity reached 312.0 kA/m.According to the X-ray diffraction(XRD) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) results,the magnetic properties of the CTA-treated films and RRTA-treated films were found to be correlated with the crystal structure and microstructure,which were strongly determined by the annealing treatment.CTA treatment led to poor crystallization effects for the films,and a rough surface(RMS=3.47 nm and P-V=35.42 nm) and large grain size of 92.7 nm were observed correspondingly.However,the RRTA treatment exhibited great contributions on the crystallization of the films,which is accountable for the smooth surface(RMS=2.047 nm and P-V=16.43 nm) and fine grain size of 60.8 nm.     

Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Toughness of Base Metal of Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel A533B

The effect of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the toughness of nuclear reactor pressure vessel steel was investigated.Fracture toughness (K JC) and Charpy impact toughness (KVC) were obtained at different temperatures for quenched-tempered (QT) and PWHT A533B steel plates,respectively.The results show that PWHT increases the ductile-brittle transition temperature,and decreases the K JC and KVC.By using SEM and Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA),it is found that the size of the precipitation phases increased and molybdenum precipitated during PWHT respectively.The relationship between the size of the precipitation phases and the fracture toughness are analyzed and the influence of microstructure is also briefly discussed.     

Synthesis, characterization, fluorescence and DNA-binding studies of europium（Ⅲ） pirates complexes with amide-based 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene derivatives

Two ligands 2,2′-[2,3-naphthylenebis(oxy)]-bis(N-benzyl(acetamide))(L1) and 2,2′-[2,3-naphthylenebis (oxy)]-bis(N,N-diphenyl (acetamide))(L2) and their europium(Ⅲ) picrate complexes were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infra-red (IR), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and molar conductivity. Fluorescent experiments showed that the resonance level of the Eu) matched better to the triplet state energy level of the ligand L2 than that of the ligand L1 and the fluorescence in-tensities of the complexes were reduced with the raising coordination ability of solvent. In addition, the interactions between the complexes and DNA were studied by means of spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. The results suggested that the complexes could bind to DNA through intercalation and the complex 1 binded to DNA more strongly than the complex 2.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Si-0.7Mg alloy formed with an addition of(Pr+Ce)

Effects of(Pr+Ce) addition on the Al-7Si-0.7Mg alloy were investigated by optical microscope(OM), energy diffraction spectrum(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and tensile tests. The results showed that the Al-7Si-0.7Mg alloy was modified with(Pr+Ce) addition. The needle-like eutectic silicon phase developed into rose form and the crystalline grains decreased in size and showed a high degree of spheroidization. When the amount of the(Pr+Ce) addition reached 0.6 wt.%, the mean diameter was 31.8 μm(refined by 50%). The aspect ratio decreased to 1.35, and the tensile strength and ductility reached 192.4 MPa and 2.18%, respectively. At higher levels of addition, over-modification occurred, as indicated by increased grain size and reduced mechanical properties. The poisoning effect of the(Pr+Ce) addition on eutectic silicon and the constitutional supercooling caused by the(Pr+Ce) addition were the major causes of alloy modification, grain refinement, and the improvement of mechanical properties.     

Active oxygen species and oxidation mechanism over Ce-doped LaMn_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_3/hierarchical ZSM-5 in pentanal oxidation

Hierarchical ZSM-5(HZ) molecular sieves based on fly ash were synthesized using a method combining water heat treatment with step-by-step calcination.The coupling catalysts between La_(1-x)Ce_xMn_(0.8)-Ni_(0.2)O_3(x ≤ 0.5) perovskites and HZ were prepared through the impregnation method,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),N_2 adsorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),NH_3-temperature programmed desoprtion(NH_3-TPD),H_2-temperature programmed reduction(H_2-TPR) and O_2-TPD techniques and investigated regarding pentanal oxidation at 120-390℃ to explore the effects of Ce doping on the catalytic activity and the active oxygen species of the coupling catalysts,meanwhile,the reaction mechanism and pathway of pentanal oxidation were also studied.The results reveal that Ce substitution at La sites can change the electronic interactions between all the elements and promote the electronic transfer among La,Ce,Ni,Mn and HZ,influencing directly the physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts.Moreover,the amount and transfer ability of surface adsorbed oxygen(O_2~-and O~-)regarded as the reactive oxygen species and the low temperature reducibility are the main influence factors in pentanal oxidation.Additionally,La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_3/HZ exhibits the best catalytic activity and deep oxidation capacity as well as a better water resistance due to its larger amount of surface adsorbed oxygen species and higher low temperature reducibility.What's more,appropriate Ce substitution can significantly enhance the amount of O_2~-ions,which can distinctly enhance the catalytic activity of the catalyst,and moderate acid strength and appropriate acid amount can also facilitate the improvement of the pentanal oxidation activity.It is found that there is a synergic catalytic effect between surface acidity and redox ability of the catalyst.According to the in situ DRIFTS and GC/MS analyses,pentanal can be oxidized gradually to CO_2 and H_2 O by the surface oxygen species with the form of adsorption in air following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H) reaction mechanism.Two reaction pathways for the pentanal oxidation process are proposed,and the conversion of the formates to carbonates may be one of the main rate-determining steps.