钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震设计指标

通过分析结构变形与损伤的关系,选取层间位移角作为钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震设计指标。统计分析了国内15榀钢筋混凝土框架结构拟静力试验中的26组关于层间位移角的实测数据和国内外126个钢筋混凝土框架柱的抗震性能试验数据,建立了钢筋混凝土框架结构在不同性能水平时的量化指标。通过非线性静力分析和时程分析,对提出的抗震设计指标的合理性和有效性进行了计算分析。结果表明,以基本抗震设防目标设计的框架结构在不同地震作用下,其各级性能水平所对应的层间位移角可以满足本文所提出的层间位移角限值的要求。     

多层中心支撑钢框架结构抗震性能简化评估方法

中心支撑钢框架结构是一种典型的双重抗侧力体系,在强震作用下支撑失效会引发结构承载力和刚度的折减,其复杂的恢复力模型使得此类结构抗震性能的评估成为难点。为解决该问题,提出了多层中心支撑钢框架结构储备体系参数的概念及其计算方法,即通过对中心支撑钢框架结构进行推覆分析,将结构转化为等效单自由度体系,同时确定整体结构体系失效过程,进而确定储备体系和储备参数。结合中心支撑钢框架结构延性需求谱,建立了考虑能力储备的多层结构抗震性能简化评估方法,即"能力储备法",该方法可有效评估中心支撑钢框架结构体系抗倒塌性能、延性与变形。采用该方法分析了2个5层中心支撑钢框架结构的抗震性能,并与非线性时程分析结果进行对比。分析表明,能力储备法可对多层中心支撑钢框架结构层间延性和顶点位移进行较准确的预测。     

维护板对轻钢框架结构体系抗震性能影响分析

通过建立带维护板的6层轻钢框架结构模型,对其进行了模态分析和地震响应弹塑性时程分析,计算得到动力时程分析结果中结构的顶点位移、最大层间位移等数据,并以此分析了维护板对轻钢框架结构体系抗震性能的影响.     

支撑对多层轻钢框架结构抗震性能影响分析

建立了一个带x形中心支撑的6层轻钢框架结构模型，并对其进行了模态分析和地震响应弹塑性时程分析。通过计算得到基底剪力和动力时程分析结果中结构的顶点位移、最大层间位移等数据，并以此来分析支撑对轻钢框架结构体系抗震性能的影响。结果表明：支撑能提高轻钢框架结构的整体强度和刚度，并能显著提高轻钢框架结构的抗震性能。     

隔震框架结构的Pushover方法分析

Pushover分析作为结构抗震性能评估的静力非线性分析方法,可有效评估结构罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能。目前国内Pushover分析应用于抗震结构的研究较多,但用于隔震结构相对较少。本文先对高烈度区的5层和7层的框架结构,进行了分别采用倒三角和均匀加载方式的Pushover分析,并与非线性时程分析结果进行对比。针对相应的5层和7层隔震模型,进行了同样的对比分析。结果表明:对于抗震结构,Pushover方法的倒三角加载方式更合适;对于隔震结构,Pushover方法的均匀分布加载方式具有更高的精度。采用隔震设计后,结构层间位移和剪力大大降低,大震下上部结构基本弹性。对于隔震框架结构,采用均匀加载模式的Pushover分析在层间位移、隔震层位移等指标与非线性动力时程分析结果基本一致。推荐采用Pushover分析方法进行隔震框架结构抗震性能评估和优化设计。     

自复位胶合木框架结构设计方法与地震易损性分析

自复位体系可以降低结构震后残余变形,提高震后快速恢复能力。将自复位体系与胶合木框架结构相结合,是提高木框架结构抗震韧性的重要途径之一。为此,提出了自复位胶合木梁柱节点(self-centering glulam post-and-beam joint)设计方法,并对自复位结构(self-centering structure)进行抗震性能评估。通过对两种构造的自复位节点（无耗能件节点和带特制角钢耗能件节点）进行拟静力试验。依据试验结果提出节点设计流程,并以一栋三层自复位胶合木框架结构为算例,采用OpenSees建立了算例的简化数值模型。对算例进行了两方面的抗震性能评估,一方面通过弹塑性动力时程分析,验证结构设计流程的可行性;另一方面,进行最大层间位移角与残余层间位移角的地震易损性分析。易损性分析结果表明,相比传统胶合木框架结构,依据所提流程设计的自复位胶合木框架结构,可以显著减小结构残余变形。     

自复位胶合木框架结构设计方法与地震易损性分析

自复位体系可以降低结构震后残余变形，提高震后快速恢复能力。将自复位体系与胶合木框架结构相结合，是提高木框架结构抗震韧性的重要途径之一。为此，提出了自复位胶合木梁柱节点(self-centering glulam post-and-beam joint)设计方法，并对自复位结构(self-centering structure)进行抗震性能评估。通过对两种构造的自复位节点（无耗能件节点和带特制角钢耗能件节点）进行拟静力试验。依据试验结果提出节点设计流程，并以一栋三层自复位胶合木框架结构为算例，采用OpenSees建立了算例的简化数值模型。对算例进行了两方面的抗震性能评估，一方面通过弹塑性动力时程分析，验证结构设计流程的可行性；另一方面，进行最大层间位移角与残余层间位移角的地震易损性分析。易损性分析结果表明，相比传统胶合木框架结构，依据所提流程设计的自复位胶合木框架结构，可以显著减小结构残余变形。     

钢管混凝土组合框架结构体系抗震性能的增量动力分析法

基于有限元软件ABAQUS用户材料模型子程序二次开发技术,建立了钢管混凝土组合框架体系的数值模拟模型,该模型得到了以往研究者完成的钢管混凝土构件及组合框架结构低周往复荷载试验结果的验证。分别基于非线性纤维梁单元及分层壳单元模拟梁柱构件及楼板,用增量动力分析(IDA)方法对某9层钢管混凝土空间框架结构的抗震性能进行了研究,对某一地震动下结构由弹性阶段到屈服再到塑性阶段过程中的性能点、层间位移角、结构顶层谱加速度时程响应、框架塑性铰出铰顺序及基底剪力时程曲线进行了判定,为进一步评估钢管混凝土空间框架结构的抗震性能提供参考。     

直接基于位移的钢框架结构抗震设计

结合我国建筑结构抗震设计实际,将钢框架结构性能划分为正常使用、生命安全和防止倒塌三个水平,并用层间位移角限值予以量化;以框架侧移曲线为基础,将多自由度体系转化为等效单自由度体系,导出了相应等效参数,并根据其性能水平确定出结构的目标位移。在此基础上,对五层两跨平面钢框架进行了基于位移的抗震设计,分析表明:本文指出的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法简便高效、结果精确,能够控制结构在不同性能水准下地震作用的性能。     

平面凹形不规则框架结构抗震性能分析

文章利用SAP2000软件建立平面不规则框架结构与平面规则框架分析模型。通过对结构模型进行振型反应谱分析,弹性时程分析和Pushover分析,评估结构楼层层间位移和层间位移角。结果表明:平面规则结构抗震效果较好。     

ISCS method for the performance‐based seismic design of vertically irregular reinforced concrete frame structures

The procedure to obtain the inelastic demand curves for the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system, composed of inter‐story shear versus inter‐story displacement curve is introduced. The demand curves are established by using mode spectrum method, and the dynamical characteristic of structure under different earthquake hazard levels is taken into account. The relation of structure performance object and displacement ductility is adopted to deduce the relation of structure performance object and inter‐story demand curve. Therefore, the inter‐story demand curves take into account the inelastic behavior of structure under earthquake action adequately. Then, considering the seismic responding characteristic and the capacity curve of the frame structure, a new method named Inter‐Story Capacity Spectrum (ISCS) is put forward for the performance‐based seismic design of vertically irregular frame structures. Examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and the utility of the proposed method. It is concluded that the new method can control the inter‐story drift, the order and position of hinges of vertically irregular structures under different earthquake hazard levels. Comparing with time‐history analysis method, it leans to safe and is superior to direct displacement‐based design method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弹性多自由度系统地震输入能量的研究

本文介绍了基于能量抗震设计方法的基本思路和基本概念。根据振型分解法推导了弹性多自由度系统与单自由度系统弹性地震输入能量间的关系。研究表明,N个自由度弹性系统的地震输入能量可表示为N个弹性单自由度系统弹性输入能量的线性组合,组合系数与多自由度系统的振型和质量分布有关。通过时程分析算例,以Eleentro波输入验证了这种方法的正确性。算例结果表明,对于自由度较多的系统,可以只取前几阶振型计算即可得到足够精确的结果。     

Global and local seismic drift estimates for RC frames

The relationship between reinforced concrete building displacement responses to seismic loading calculated using multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) nonlinear models and equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and MDOF linear models is examined. Displacement response is characterized by the peak roof drift (global deformation), maximum story distortion (local deformation) and the distortion location. A simple relationship between nonlinear peak roof drift, linear response spectrum, and effective building period is determined from parametric analysis of a set of frames subjected to a suite of ground motions. The relationship is expressed in terms of initial period using uncracked sections, a period factor, and a linear displacement response spectrum of particular equivalent damping. The best relationship was found to be in terms of the initial period factored by 2.0 and 2.3 for moderate and high seismicity ground motion, respectively, and using a 10%-damped linear response spectrum. The optimal period factor remained nearly constant for linear spectra with damping between 6% and 12%. A relationship between maximum story distortion for linear MDOF systems and nonlinear MDOF systems was sought in terms of maximum value and location. The ratios of maximum story distortions for nonlinear and linear analyses were found to vary significantly, as did the ratios between locations of these values. On average, the maximum story drift ratio from nonlinear analysis was 1.5 times the value calculated from linear analysis.     

隔震结构动力弹塑性分析地震记录选择的波谱分类法研究

高层隔震结构动力弹塑性时程分析地震记录选择是隔震结构地震响应分析的关键,针对地震记录选取提出基于模糊聚类算法结合地震动强度指标进行地震波子集选取的波谱分类法。首先采用动力弹塑性时程方法对隔震结构的等效单自由度简化模型和三维空间模型进行了地震加速度峰值、地震波速度峰值、地震波位移峰值、地震波速度峰值与加速度峰值之比、加速度反应谱、等效速度反应谱6类地震动强度指标与工程需求参数相关性的比较研究,确定了适合隔震结构的有效地震动强度指标。隔震整体结构工程需求参数包含上部结构层间变形、顶层加速度和隔震层位移响应。其后采用构造的地震动指标矩阵应用于地震波样本属性的表征,并基于模糊聚类算法对地震波样本进行了分类。以某15层高层钢框架-混凝土核心筒隔震结构为例,通过将未分类的地震波集合与分类地震波子集作用下结构的地震响应离散性对比研究,确认了波谱分类法在地震动筛选应用中的有效性。     

钢筋混凝土结构抗震性能的设计谱曲线

基于性能的结构抗震设计正处于研究发展阶段,提出一种方法以适应当前需要。以我国现行的建筑抗震设计规范为基础,在设计中同时考虑地震作用以及结构侧移,得出结构等效单自由度体系的设计谱曲线,并由此求得结构在不同地震水准情况下的性能,检查其是否满足设计要求。结构设计完成后,可进行结构的弹塑性静力分析,全面复核结构性能。     

Estimation of inelastic displacement factor of soil‐shallow‐foundation MDOF systems incorporating higher modes effect

This study attempts to investigate the higher‐mode effects on the constant‐ductility inelastic displacement factors of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems considering soil‐structure interaction. These factors were computed for 12,600 two‐dimensional superstructure models of shear buildings and their corresponding equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom (ESDOF) systems under 26 ground motions recorded on alluvium and soft soil. An intensive parametric study was carried out for a wide range of non‐dimensional parameters, which completely define the problem. The underlying soil is considered as a homogeneous half‐space based on the concept of cone model. The higher‐mode effects were then investigated through defining the ratio of inelastic displacement factor of MDOF system to that of the corresponding ESDOF one. The influence of soil‐structure interaction key parameters, fundamental period, ductility ratio, the number of stories, and dispersion of the results are evaluated and discussed. Results indicate that as the base becomes very flexible, unlike to the fixed‐base systems, in which the defined ratios are greater than unity, using the inelastic displacement factors of ESDOF models for MDOF ones would result in a remarkable overestimation of maximum inter‐story displacement demand. A new expression is proposed to estimate the ratio of inelastic displacement factor of MDOF soil‐structure systems to that of SDOF counterpart.     

Strength reduction factor for MDOF soil–structure systems

In most of the seismic design provision, the concept of strength reduction factor has been developed to account for inelastic behavior of structures under seismic excitations. Most recent studies considered soil–structure interaction (SSI) in inelastic response analysis are mainly based on idealized structural models of single degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems. However, an SDOF system might not be able to well capture the SSI and structural response characteristics of real multiple degrees‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems. In this paper, through a comprehensive parametric study of 21600 MDOF and its equivalent SDOF (E‐SDOF) systems subjected to an ensemble of 30 earthquake ground motions recorded on alluvium and soft soils, effects of SSI on strength reduction factor of MDOF systems have been intensively investigated. It is concluded that generally, SSI reduces the strength reduction factor of both MDOF and more intensively SDOF systems. However, depending on the number of stories, soil flexibility, aspect ratio and inelastic range of vibration, the strength reduction factor of MDOF systems could be significantly different from that of E‐SDOF systems. A new simplified equation, which is a function of fixed‐base fundamental period, ductility ratio, the number of stories, structure slenderness ratio and dimensionless frequency, is proposed to estimate strength reduction factors for MDOF soil–structure systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A_y-D_y格式地震需求谱及其在结构性能抗震设计中的应用

在结构基于位移抗震设计的改进能力谱法基础上建议了屈服谱加速度和屈服位移(Ay-Dy)格式的地震需求谱,其特点是:过原点的射线与不同位移延性系数的需求谱曲线相交,各个交点对应的周期都相同,从而为在结构基于位移抗震设计方法中实现“小震不坏、中震可修和大震不倒”的多级性能目标提供了方便。借助于Pushover分析具体给出了一钢筋混凝土框架结构在不同风险水平地震作用下抗震性能评价实例。     

二质点模型在Pushover分析中的应用

对常见的主要失效模式为下部破坏型结构在强烈地震作用下的位移需求估计,常规的Pushover方法和模态Pushover方法不能得到满意的结果。为此,本文提出等效成二自由度体系的Pushover分析方法,并推导了多自由度体系等效成二自由度体系的计算公式。分别采用常规Pushover方法、模态Pushover方法、等效成二自由度体系的Pushover方法以及时程分析法对8个7层平面框架结构进行了强烈地震作用下的位移反应分析,同时还对其中的一个结构进行了不同地震动强度水平下的位移反应分析。结果表明,等效成二自由度体系的Pushover分析方法能够较好地估计下部破坏型结构的位移需求。     

底部框剪配筋砌块砌体房屋弹塑性地震反应的数值模拟

在总结底部框剪砖房和配筋砌块砌体的抗震性能研究成果的基础上,对底部框剪上部配筋砌块砌体结构的抗震特性进行了初步研究。采用层间剪切模型和三折线骨架曲线恢复力模型,分别按6、7、8度区的多遇烈度、基本烈度和罕遇烈度,输入ElCentro地震波,模拟此类房屋的线性和非线性地震反应。通过分析加速度和位移地震反应,恢复力和层间位移角的变化,考察了该结构的抗震性能和抗震能力。结果表明:底部两层框剪上部六层配筋砌块砌体结构(高25.5m)可用于8度地震区,这种结构的底部框剪层是薄弱部位;应提高框剪层的水平地震剪力设计值,增强延性设计,提高抗倒塌能力。