微波辐射Fenton试剂处理醇酮废水的研究

采用微波辐射Fenton试剂处理醇酮废水,分别考察了双氧水用量、微波辐射时间、微波辐射功率和pH等因素对醇酮废水处理效果的影响.确定在微波功率为480 W、微波辐射时间5 min、双氧水(质量分数6%)用量为2.5 mL、FeSO_4用量为0.07 g和pH=1的条件下,处理50 mL醇酮废水效果最佳,其COD去除率达到97.86%.结果表明,微波辐射Fenton试剂处理该废水效果明显,不会对环境造成二次污染.     

超声波协同Fenton试剂降解糖蜜酒精废水的工艺

采用超声波为辅助条件,以废水的COD去除率、脱色率为评价指标,考察了Fenton试剂对糖蜜酒精废水催化降解特性.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂对糖蜜酒精废水具有良好的处理效果,超声波与Fenton试剂之间存在着协同作用.通过正交实验得出的最佳降解工艺条件为:H2O2用量10 mL/L,硫酸亚铁0.50 g/L,废水稀释倍数40倍,超声波功率200 W,反应时间30 min,废水的COD去除率达到69%,色度降解率达到74%.     

超声波协同Fenton氧化法预处理HMX生产废水的实验研究

采用超声波协同Fenton氧化技术对HMX生产废水进行处理,考察了超声波频率及功率、Fenton试剂的投料量、废水的pH值、反应初始温度等参数对HMX生产废水中污染物降解的影响。结果表明,反应初始温度及废水的pH值对降解结果的影响较大。在超声波频率为45Hz、功率为5kW/m3、H2O2与Fe2+投料量分别为0.235mol和0.023mol,即n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=10∶1,反应初始温度30℃条件下,100mL HMX废水的COD去除率达到80%以上;在H2O2投料量较少时超声波协同效应的优势明显,H2O2与Fe2+摩尔比越低,超声波协同效应越显著,比单独使用Fenton试剂处理的效果好;当H2O2与Fe2+摩尔比高于10∶1时,超声波的协同效应几乎消失。     

UV/Fenton试剂降解RDX废水的研究

研究了Fenton试剂的用量、pH值、光照时间对UV/Fenton试剂降解黑索今(RDX)废水效果的影响。结果表明,UV/Fenton试剂对RDX废水有较好的降解作用,在60 W紫外灯照射下,RDX废水初始质量浓度为180 mg/L、pH值为3、10%双氧水用量为1.20 mL、10%FeSO4溶液[(n(Fe-SO4)∶n(H2O2)=1∶10)]用量为0.12 mL、光照时间为60 m in时,RDX去除率达到95%,CODC r去除率为82%。     

Fenton试剂处理含苯胺废水的研究

本文对Fenton试剂处理含苯胺废水进行了研究。实验结果表明,Fenton试剂处理含苯胺废水的最佳条件为:反应时间为60min、pH为3、过氧化氢与硫酸亚铁的摩尔比为10:1、过氧化氢与硫酸亚铁的用量分别为1mL和0.1mL、反应温度为30℃。在此条件下可使50mL含苯胺废水中苯胺浓度由50mg/L降到0.98mg/L,苯胺去除率达98.04%,达到国家一级排放标准。     

Fenton试剂处理阿奇霉素废水的研究

研究了用Fenton试剂处理阿奇霉素废水的影响因素及适宜工艺条件.试验表明,用Fenton试剂处理阿奇霉素废水的最佳实验条件:反应温度为25℃、pH为3.0、FeSO<,4>投加量为10 mL/L、H<,2>O<,2>投加量为30 mL/L、氧化时间为2.0 h.在此条件下,其对COD的平均去除率达51.09%.     

用Fenton试剂处理丁苯橡胶废水

用Fenton试剂处理丁苯橡胶废水,考察了H2O2和FeSO4的用量、初始pH值、反应时间以及反应温度对废水化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响。结果表明,适宜的处理条件为H2O2(以1 L废水计)8 mL、FeSO4质量浓度1.0 g/L、初始pH值3～10、反应时间30 min、反应温度40℃,在此条件下废水COD的去除率可超过55%。     

Fenton试剂处理邻氯苯胺废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化处理含邻氯苯胺的生产废水,研究了H2O2,Fe2+投加量以及反应体系pH值对废水COD去除率的影响。通过实验,确定了Fenton试剂处理该废水的最佳操作条件:在pH值为3,FeSO4.7H2O的投加量为Fe2+在废水中的质量浓度达到0.56 g/L,每升废水中H2O2(质量分数30%)投加量18 mL时,废水的COD去除率达到72.9%。     

Fenton试剂-改性粉煤灰处理苯酚废水的研究

以模拟苯酚废水为研究对象,初步研究了Fenton试剂-改性粉煤灰体系处理有毒有机废水时各影响因子的作用机制。通过混凝搅拌实验,确定了室温时先快速搅拌1 min（转速为350 r/min）、然后慢速搅拌10 min（转速为50 r/min）、再静置沉淀30 min条件下,Fenton试剂处理模拟苯酚废水（质量浓度为100 mg/L）的最佳条件：pH为4,加入质量分数为5%的硫酸亚铁溶液2 mL,加入质量分数为3%的过氧化氢溶液5 mL。在此条件下苯酚的去除率达到85.2%。实验还发现,再增加投加改性粉煤灰,投加量为100 mg/L时,苯酚的去除率可达到99.3%。并通过自由基的氧化和混凝吸附两种机理对这种促进作用进行了解释。Fenton试剂-改性粉煤灰体系处理苯酚废水具有处理效率高、反应速率高、成本低廉、操作方便等优点,具有较好的实际应用前景。     

O3/Fenton试剂复合氧化多菌灵废水实验

研究了O3/Fenton试剂联合处理农药多菌灵废水的方法,并且考察pH值、臭氧用量、Fenton试剂投加量对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:最优条件为废水pH值调节为9左右、臭氧用量为2.0 g/L、H2O2投加量为5 mL/L时,废水COD去除率达68%,BOD/COD提高到0.36.如果用接触氧化进行二级处理,可使最终出水指标达到国家一级排放标准.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。