基于新型扩展卡尔曼的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制中,因电机受到外界扰动而导致传统扩展卡尔曼观测器不精确的问题,本文提出了一种新型扩展卡尔曼复合观测器的方法。该方法由新型趋近率设计的滑模控制器代替传统PI调节器的转速环,加入前馈解耦的电流环,以及扩展卡尔曼观测器复合而成。仿真结果表明：无论电机空载启动、或外加扰动等状况下,新型扩展卡尔曼状态观测器可以精确的观测出电机的转速大小与转子位置信息,速度滑模控制器以及电流前馈解耦提高了系统的抗干扰能力,缩短了系统的响应时间。     

线性扩张状态观测器的改进及在空间光通信粗跟踪的应用

针对传统自抗扰控制器的扰动补偿效果随着扰动频率增加迅速下降的问题,提出了一种基于改进的线性扩张状态观测器的自抗扰控制方法。该方法首先对粗跟踪进行系统分析、简化及辨识;然后对线性扩张状态观测器的观测原理进行详细推导与论证,从理论上指出其不足,提出了一种改进的线性扩张状态观测器;最后将改进的算法与PID调节器相结合,实现了粗跟踪的自抗扰控制。实验结果表明:针对幅度在1、频率在0.5~2.5 Hz间的外部位置扰动,传统的自抗扰控制器随着扰动频率的增加,扰动隔离度下降非常明显,2 Hz时的提升程度仅为0.5 Hz处的9.5%;而采用改进的算法使扰动隔离度至少提高了4.146 dB,且随着扰动频率的增加,扰动隔离度的提升非常稳定,2.5 Hz时的提升程度与0.5 Hz处几乎一致;此外,该方法有较好的鲁棒性,允许被控对象在20%的范围内变化。理论分析、仿真分析、物理实验均证明该方法的有效性,对类似的光电跟踪系统有一定的参考价值。     

基于扰动观测器的VIENNA整流器负载电流前馈控制

针对传统电压电流双闭环控制的VIENNA整流器在负载切换时直流输出电压波动幅值大、调节时间长的问题,基于扰动观测器的原理设计了一种负载前馈控制策略,利用扰动观测器对负载切换产生的扰动进行估算,将估计值前馈至电流内环的输入端,从而抑制电压幅值波动,缩短调节时间。与传统双闭环控制策略相比,加入扰动观测器降低了电压波动幅度,缩短了系统动态调节时间,提高了负载切换时的响应速度,增强了系统抗扰性。仿真验证了加入扰动观测器的可行性和有效性,实验结果表明,设计的扰动观测器,能减小负载切换时的电压波动幅度,缩短调节时间,有效地提高系统的性能。     

精密工作台扰动观测器的设计

针对直线电机驱动、气浮导轨支撑的精密工作台没有阻尼、抗扰性能差的特点,为了抑制各种线缆扰动和直线电机推力波动的影响,提高工作台的定位精度、减小轨迹跟踪误差,采用扰动观测方法,基于直线电机精密工作台设计了前馈 反馈 扰动观测的控制器.详细讨论了扰动观测器的设计方法.实验结果表明,采用扰动观测器后,实现了±0.15μm 的静态定位精度,以150 mm/s匀速运动时轨迹跟踪精度保持在±1.5 μm 的误差带范围内.扰动观测器能够有效地抑制低频噪声和克服参数变化的不利影响.     

航空光电稳定平台扰动频率自适应的自抗扰控制

为了进一步提高光电稳定侦查平台的抗干扰能力,文中提出一种基于扰动频率自适应的自抗扰控制新方法。首先,基于带宽单参数化的设计方法,设计了扰动频率自适应的扩张状态观测器,从而解决了传统扩张状态观测器对二阶及二阶以上系统扰动观测存在明显相位滞后的影响;然后,设计了带扰动补偿的控制规律;最后,在模拟飞行器中以2.5 Hz 以内任意频率扰动的作用下,测试其抗扰动的性能。实验结果表明:对比于传统的平方滞后超前控制器,采用于扰动频率自适应的自抗扰控制器,系统的扰动隔离度至少提高6.72 dB,且随着扰动频率大于0.5 Hz,扰动隔离度的提高更为明显,最优情况已达到12.94 dB;同时,该控制器具有很强的鲁棒性,允许被控对象参数在10%的范围内浮动,满足高精度光电稳定平台的性能要求,具有较高的实用价值。     

天基平台快速反射镜扰动信号抑制方法

天基平台快速反射镜在工作过程中受到空间电离辐射和天体摄动力的影响,会在音圈电机和负载输出端引起电流以及位置扰动,降低系统稳态精度和跟踪精度.为了减小扰动对系统的影响,在音圈电机输出电流路径和负载输出位置路径分别设计了扰动观测环节用于实现对特定扰动的抑制.首先,分析了天基环境下各扰动信号对系统输出精度的影响;然后,在系统...     

基于ESO的导引头稳定平台双积分滑模控制

为了提高导引头稳定平台抗扰性及速度稳态跟踪性能,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器（Extended State Observer,ESO）的双积分滑模控制器（Double Integral Sliding Mode Controller,DISMC）。首先,采用二阶扩张状态观测器对系统的未知扰动进行估计;然后,采用了双积分滑模控制器实现了系统的低稳态误差跟踪,同时采用了改进的幂次趋近律来削弱控制系统的抖振影响;最后,采用导引头稳定平台进行目标跟踪实验和隔离度性能测试。实验结果表明,与传统基于扰动观测器（Disturbance Observer,DOB）的PI控制方法相比,跟踪3（）/s的梯形波时,在提出的控制器作用下速度跟踪快速性提高了48 ms,跟踪误差标准差提高了0.0131（）/s。同时用转台模拟弹体扰动分别为sin（t）、3sin（5t）、7sin（2t）时,系统的隔离度分别提高了2.91%、0.45%、0.7%,表明基于扩张状态观测器的双积分滑模控制器对导引头稳定平台具有较强的抗扰性和较好的跟踪性能。     

改进型滑模扰动观测器的感应电机控制系统

针对传统PI调节器在负载剧烈突变时控制性能不佳及使用传统滑模观测器抖振严重的问题,文中以感应电机为研究对象,提出了一种基于滑模观测器和传统PI调节器的扰动实时补偿方案。通过改进型的扰动观测器对系统扰动进行实时观测估算,将估算出的扰动反馈至PI调节器进行前馈补偿,从而有效提高电机控制性能,改善抖振现象。文中搭建了基于MATLAB的仿真平台和TMS320F28335 DSP的实验平台,对所研究的改进滑模观测器扰动前馈补偿方法与常规单PI调节、常规滑模观测器扰动补偿进行了对比分析。该结果验证了所提方案的有效性与可行性,速度超调量优化了0.5%,响应时间为30 ms。     

基于扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机无差拍电流预测控制

针对永磁同步电机预测控制中电机参数扰动偏差造成的输出电流静差及振荡问题,采用基于扩张状态观测器的无差拍电流预测控制算法,构建相应的扰动观测器来观测参数偏差造成的系统扰动,为传统预测控制算法提供实时性扰动补偿。采用有功阻尼概念对转速PI参数进行设计,并针对控制系统的延时进行了补偿。仿真结果表明所提出的算法能够快速无静差地观测系统扰动,有效避免参数扰动偏差对电流预测系统的影响,同时转速环也具有良好的动态性能。     

基于双观测器的四旋翼无人机驱动电机矢量控制技术研究

无人机在飞行过程中,磁场增强型永磁同步电机容易受到多重低次凸极性谐波的影响以及负载扰动转矩干扰的问题。针对上述问题,文章提出一种高频脉振谐波注入转子位置观测器结合负载扰动转矩分段函数滑模观测器的双观测器无人机电机矢量控制策略。文章通过高频脉振谐波注入转子位置观测器,可以有效抑制无人机电机系统中存在的多重低次凸极性谐波的影响,改善电机转子位置和转速的估算精度,通过负载扰动转矩观测器可以消除电机负载扰动转矩的干扰。     

航空光电稳定平台的二级自抗扰控制器

为了进一步提高两轴四框架航空光电稳定平台的抗 干扰能力,提出了一种二级自抗扰控制器(ADRC)的新方法。首先,在外框架中加入高精度陀 螺仪,使其具备扰动抑制能力;然后分别在内外框架中,采用带宽单参数化的设计方法设计 ESO及带扰动补偿的二级自抗扰控制规律;最后,在飞行模拟转台中测试(ADRC)对2.5Hz以内任意频率扰动的抑制能力。实验结果表明,对比于传统的平方滞后 超前控制器,采用二级ADRC,系统的扰动隔离度至少提高9.65dB, 且随着扰动频率大于0.5Hz,扰动隔离度的提高更为明显,最优情况 已达到16.08dB;同时,二级ADRC具有很强的鲁 棒性,允许被控对象参数在17%的范围内浮动,满足了高精度航空光 电稳定平台的性能要求,对提高航空光电稳定平台控制系统的抗扰动性能具有较高的实用价 值。     

Speed tracking control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor withstate and load torque observer

This paper is concerned with the speed tracking control problem for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the presence of an unknown load torque disturbance. After a brief review of the mathematical model of the PMSM, a speed tracking control law using the exact linearization methodology is introduced. The tracking control algorithm is completed by adding an extended observer which provides, on the one hand, the motor speed and acceleration and, on the other hand, estimates the unknown load torque. The stability of the closed-loop system composed of a nonlinear speed tracking controller and an observer is studied by the way of Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, the decoupling of the state observer and the load torque observer is discussed. Finally, a real-time implementation and the experimental results of the proposed control strategy are presented     

Robust High Bandwidth Discrete-Time Predictive Current Control with Predictive Internal Model—A Unified Approach for Voltage-Source PWM Converters

This paper presents a robust high bandwidth discrete-time predictive current control scheme for voltage-source pulsewidth-modulated (VS-PWM) converters. First, to achieve high bandwidth current control characteristics, a digital predictive current controller with delay compensation is adopted. The compensation method utilizes a current observer with an adaptive internal model for system uncertainties. The predictive nature of both the current observer and the internal model forces the delays elements to be equivalently placed outside the closed loop system. Second, to ensure perfect tracking of the output current in the presence of uncertainties and providing means for attenuating low- and high- frequency system disturbances, the frequency modes of the disturbances to be eliminated should be included in the stable closed loop system. Toward this, an adaptive internal model for the estimated uncertainty dynamics is proposed. To cope with the high bandwidth property of the lump of uncertainties in VS-PWM converter applications, the disturbance slowly varying assumption is relaxed in the proposed controller. The relaxation is achieved by adopting a curbing sliding-mode-based feedback gain vector within the internal model observation system. Comparative evaluation tests were carried out on a grid-connected VS-PWM converter and a direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (DD-PMSM) drive system to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme at different operating conditions.     

Continuous variable structure controller for BLDDSM positioncontrol with prescribed tracking performance

The continuous, accurate, and robust sliding mode tracking controller based on a disturbance observer for a brushless direct drive servo motor (BLDDSM) is presented. Although the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) or variable structure control (VSC) can give the desired tracking performance, there exists an inevitable chattering problem in control which is undesirable for a direct drive system. With the proposed algorithm, not only are the chattering problems removed, but also the prescribed tracking performance can be obtained by using the efficient compensation of the disturbance observer. The design of the sliding mode tracking controller for the prescribed, accurate, and robust tracking performance without the chattering problem is given based on the results of the detailed stability analysis. The usefulness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through the computer simulations for a BLDDSM under load variations     

采用滑模观测器的机载激光通信视轴精度控制

为了提高机载激光通信系统在机体振动和机械摩擦等扰动下的视轴对准精度,提出了一种基于滑模观测器的反步滑模控制方法。首先建立了机载激光通信系统的数学模型,然后通过设计的滑模观测器对扰动值进行估计,同时针对指令转换模块、激光通信模块和电机模块逐步设计了反步滑模控制律,实现对机载激光通信系统视轴的高精度控制。实验结果表明:提出的方法与分数阶PID控制方法相比突出了更优的快速性和准确性,响应时间仅为0.4 s,最大空间对准误差仅为0.3 m,设计的滑模观测器能够快速、准确地估计出扰动值,响应时间仅为0.3 s,最大估计误差分别仅为0.1 m/s、0.06 (°)/s2 和0.07 A/s,大幅提高了机载激光通信系统中视轴的对准精度。     

Sliding mode control combined with extended state observer for an ankle exoskeleton driven by electrical motor

A novel sliding mode control combined with extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for an ankle exoskeleton driven by electrical motor. During the process of assisting, it is necessary to design an effective controller for assisting torque of ankle exoskeleton. However, the parameter uncertainty of complex dynamics model and the irregular motion of human ankle may affect the torque control accuracy. For a high control precision of assisting torque when facing the modeling uncertainty, the sliding mode control is employed, but a large switching gain is usually needed in order to suppress the disturbance, which cause the control signal vibrate greatly. ESO can observe and suppress the disturbance and modeling uncertainty, but its tracking performance needs to be improved. Therefore, the proposed complex controller takes the advantages of sliding mode control and extended state observer, which can not only improve torque tracking performance but also overcome the disturbance force caused by the change of human joint angle without increasing chattering of control signal. Experimental studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control. The results show the presented controller have better torque tracking performance and robustness stability, and the proposed controller can reduce the chattering compared with the tradition sliding mode control.     

Disturbance observer based control for nonlinear systems

This work presents a general framework for nonlinear systems subject to disturbances using disturbance observer based control (DOBC) techniques. A two-stage design procedure to improve disturbance attenuation ability of current linear/nonlinear controllers is proposed where the disturbance observer design is separated from the controller design. To facilitate this concept, a nonlinear disturbance observer is developed for disturbances generated by an exogenous system, and global exponential stability is established under certain condition. Furthermore, semiglobal stability condition of the composite controller consisting of a nonlinear controller and the nonlinear disturbance observer is established. The developed method is illustrated by the application to control of a two-link robotic manipulator.     

Control of redundant manipulators considering order of disturbanceobserver

A manipulator control method using a disturbance observer with no inverse dynamics has been proposed. The order of the disturbance observer affects the performance of control system, because nominalization of plant is dependent on the control object and the order of the disturbance observer. This paper proposes a unique choice of disturbance observers of different order in joint and task space to improve system performance of hybrid position/force control of redundant manipulators. Also, it has been shown that a proper selection of a coefficient of the disturbance observer is capable to improve robust stability, while not influencing basic performance. The proposed strategy can realize acceleration control and second derivative of force control in the task space, which realizes robust and precise control of manipulators. Experimental results using a redundant manipulator show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy