基于模糊树模型的自适应模糊滑模控制方法

本文针对单输入–单输出仿射非线性系统提出了一种基于模糊树模型的具有监督控制器的模糊滑模控制方法. 该方法用模糊树模型逼近非线性系统中的未知非线性函数, 得到初始的控制器, 然后在线调节模糊树模型中的线性参数, 改善控制器的性能, 实现对有界参考输入信号的跟踪控制. 模糊树辨识方法自适应划分输入空间, 大大减少模糊规则的数目, 在一定程度上可以缓解困扰模糊控制中的”规则爆炸”问题. 该方法通过监督控制器保证闭环系统所有信号有界. 通过理论分析, 证明了跟踪误差收敛到零. 用倒立摆进行仿真验证, 结果表明该方法用较少的模糊规则, 就能得到满意的控制效果, 有推广应用价值.     

考虑量化输入和输出约束的互联系统自适应分散跟踪控制

本文考虑具有量化输入和输出约束的一类非线性互联系统的自适应分散跟踪控制设计. 分别针对量化参数已知和未知两种情况, 基于反推(Backstepping)设计法, 利用神经网络逼近特性, 设计自适应分散跟踪控制策略. 通过定义新的未知常量和非线性光滑函数, 设计自适应参数估计项来消除未知互联项对系统的影响. 进一步考虑量化参数未知的情形, 引入一个新的不等式来转化输入信号, 并构建新的自适应补偿项来处理量化影响. 同时, 障碍李雅普诺夫函数的引入, 确保了系统输出不违反约束条件. 与现有量化输入设计相比, 本文所提方法不要求未知非线性项满足李普希兹条件, 并且允许量化参数未知. 该设计方法保证了闭环系统所有信号最终一致有界, 而且跟踪误差能够收敛到原点的小邻域内, 同时保证输出不违反约束条件. 最后, 仿真算例验证了所提方法具备良好的跟踪控制性能.     

Adaptive neural network control of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with input saturation

In this paper, an adaptive neural network (NN) tracking controller is developed for a class of uncertain multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with input saturation. Radial basis function neural networks are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions in the MIMO system. A novel auxiliary system is developed to compensate the effects induced by input saturation (in both magnitude and rate) during tracking control. Endowed with a switching structure that integrates two existing representative auxiliary system designs, this novel auxiliary system improves control performance by preserving their advantages. It provides a comprehensive design structure in which parameters can be adjusted to meet the required control performance. The auxiliary system signal is utilized in both the control law and the neural network weight-update laws. The performance of the resultant closed-loop system is analyzed, and the bound of the transient error is established. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive neural network control.     

A robust constrained control approach for flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicles

This article investigates the robust adaptive control system design for the longitudinal dynamics of a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV) subject to parametric uncertainties and control input constraints. A combination of back‐stepping and nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is utilized for exploiting an adaptive output‐feedback controller to provide robust tracking of velocity and altitude reference trajectories in the presence of flexible effects and system uncertainties. The dynamic surface control is introduced to solve the problem of “explosion of terms.” A new NDO is developed to guarantee the proposed controller's disturbance attenuation ability and to performance robustness against uncertain aerodynamic coefficients. To deal with the problem of actuator saturation, a novel auxiliary system is exploited to compensate the desired control laws. The stability of the presented NDO and controller is analyzed. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control strategy.     

Adaptive neural tracking control of a class of MIMO pure-feedback time-delay nonlinear systems with input saturation

Considering interconnections among subsystems, we propose an adaptive neural tracking control scheme for a class of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) non-affine pure-feedback time-delay nonlinear systems with input saturation. Neural networks (NNs) are employed to approximate unknown functions in the design procedure, and the separation technology is introduced here to tackle the problem induced from unknown time-delay items. The adaptive neural tracking control scheme is constructed by combining Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, NNs, the auxiliary system, the implicit function theory and the mean value theorem along with the dynamic surface control technique. Also, it is proven that the strategy guarantees tracking errors converge to a small neighbourhood around the origin by appropriate choice of design parameters and all signals in the closed-loop system uniformly ultimately bounded. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

输入输出受限船舶的轨迹跟踪自适应递归滑模控制

针对输入输出受限,模型部分不确定和受到未知海洋干扰的全驱动船舶的轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种基于时变非对称障碍李雅普诺夫函数的最小参数自适应递归滑模控制策略.该策略首先设计障碍李雅普诺夫函数约束船舶轨迹在有限区域内,利用最小参数法神经网络逼近模型不确定项,降低系统的计算复杂度,然后采用指令滤波器对输入信号进行幅值约束,同时避免对因反步法导致的微分爆炸问题,综合考虑船舶位置以及速度误差间的关系设计递归滑模控制律,提高系统的鲁棒性,采用双曲正切函数和Nussbaum函数补偿由输入饱和引起的非线性项,提高系统稳定性.最后通过Lyapunov理论分析证明了全驱动船舶闭环系统中所有信号是一致最终有界的.仿真结果表明,本文所设计的船舶轨迹跟踪控制方案能有效处理船舶模型不确定部分以及未知外界干扰的问题,能够实现船舶在输入受限的情况下在有限区域内航行并准确的跟踪期望轨迹,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Robust Tracking Control of Uncertain MIMO Nonlinear Systems with Application to UAVs

In this paper, we consider the robust adaptive tracking control of uncertain multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with input saturation and unknown external disturbance. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is employed to tackle the system uncertainty as well as the external disturbance. To handle the input saturation, an auxiliary system is constructed as a saturation compensator. By using the backstepping technique and the dynamic surface method, a robust adaptive tracking control scheme is developed. The closed-loop system is proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded thorough Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results with application to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust control scheme.      

具有输入饱和的电液伺服位置系统自适应动态面控制

针对具有非线性、参数不确定性及输入饱和问题的电液伺服位置系统,提出了一种自适应动态面控制器的设计方法.该方法充分考虑饱和特性,利用双曲正切函数和辅助控制信号对系统非线性模型进行等价变换,进而采用动态面方法设计抗饱和控制器.设计过程中引入Nussbaum函数,以补偿输入饱和引起的非线性项.通过构造合适的Lyapunov函数,证明闭环系统的所有信号一致最终有界.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器具有良好的跟踪效果,并有效地削弱了输入饱和对系统造成的不良影响.     

Adaptive Decentralized NN Control of Nonlinear Interconnected Time‐Delay Systems with Input Saturation

In this paper, a novel decentralized adaptive neural control scheme is proposed for a class of interconnected large‐scale uncertain nonlinear time‐delay systems with input saturation. Radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) are used to tackle unknown nonlinear functions. Then, the decentralized adaptive NN tracking controller is constructed by combining Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions and the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique, along with the minimal‐learning‐parameters (MLP) algorithm. The stability analysis subject to the effect of input saturation constraints are conducted with the help of an auxiliary design system based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method. The proposed controller guarantees uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) of all of the signals in the closed‐loop large‐scale system, while the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood around the origin. An advantage of the proposed control scheme lies in the number of adaptive parameters of the whole system being reduced to one and in the solution of the three problems of “computational explosion,” “dimension curse,” and “controller singularity”. Finally, simulation results along with comparisons are presented to demonstrate the advantages, effectiveness, and performance of the proposed scheme.     

具有输入输出约束的无人直升机预设性能安全跟踪控制

针对无人直升机姿态与高度系统存在未知外部干扰、输入饱和、姿态与高度约束等问题, 本文提出一种具 有输入输出约束的预设性能安全跟踪控制方法. 首先, 针对无人直升机的姿态与高度约束, 通过设计一类边界保护 算法, 构建了新的安全期望跟踪信号. 为了保证系统对于安全期望跟踪信号的跟踪性能, 将预设性能函数与边界保 护算法进行结合, 并对跟踪误差进行转换. 针对系统的输入饱和现象, 使用Sigmoid函数进行逼近; 同时, 针对饱和函 数的逼近误差与未知外部干扰构成的复合干扰, 采用参数自适应方法对其上界进行逼近. 然后, 结合反步控制方法 设计了安全跟踪控制器, 并通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了闭环系统所有信号的收敛性, 保证了无人直升机的安全 跟踪性能. 最终, 通过数值仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性.     

Adaptive Neural Tracking Control of Full-state Constrained Nonstrict-feedback Time-delay Systems with Input Saturation

In this study, an adaptive neural backstepping control scheme is proposed for a class of nonstrict-feedback time-delay systems with input saturation, full-state constraints and unknown disturbances. A structural property of radial basis function neural network is presented to deal with the design from the nonstrict-feedback formation. This method does not require the parameter separation technique and its assumption. With the help of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and Young’s inequalities, the effects of time delays are compensated, and the unknown disturbances are eliminated in the design process. The barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is applied to arrest the violation of the full-state constraints. To overcome the problem of input saturation nonlinearity, the smooth nonaffme function of the control input signal is adopted to approach the input saturation function. Moreover, an adaptive backstepping neural control strategy is proposed. The proposed adaptive neural controller ensures that all the closed-loop signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). Furthermore, the tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of this method.

     

Direct adaptive fuzzy backstepping control of uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of input saturation

In this paper, a novel direct adaptive fuzzy control approach is presented for uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of input saturation. Fuzzy logic systems are directly used to tackle unknown nonlinear functions, and the adaptive fuzzy tracking controller is constructed by using the backstepping recursive design techniques. To overcome the problem of input saturation, a new auxiliary design system and Nussbaum gain functions are incorporated into the control scheme, respectively. It is proved that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. A simulation example is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Two key advantages of the scheme are that (i) the direct adaptive fuzzy control method is proposed for uncertain nonlinear system with input saturation by using Nussbaum function technique and (ii) The number of the online adaptive learning parameters is reduced.     

非线性增益递归滑模动态面自适应NN控制

针对一类严反馈非线性不确定系统的跟踪控制问题,提出一种非线性增益递归滑模动态面 (Dynamic surface control, DSC)自适应控制方法. 通过设计一个新的非线性增益函数,并构造递归滑模动态面的控制策略和新的Lyapunov函数,同时利用神经网络在线逼近系统不确定项, 该方法有效解决了具有输入饱和约束条件下系统控制精度与动态品质间的矛盾,增强了控制器对其自身参数摄动的非脆弱性. 理论证明了闭环系统所有状态是半全局一致最终有界的,且跟踪误差可收敛至任意小.     

Output Constrained Adaptive Controller Design for Nonlinear Saturation Systems

This paper considers the adaptive neuro-fuzzy control scheme to solve the output tracking problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems.Both asymmetric output constraints and input saturation are considered.An asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function with time-varying prescribed performance is presented to tackle the output-tracking error constraints.A high-gain observer is employed to relax the requirement of the Lipschitz continuity about the nonlinear dynamics.To avoid the"explosion of complexity",the dynamic surface control(DSC)technique is employed to filter the virtual control signal of each subsystem.To deal with the actuator saturation,an additional auxiliary dynamical system is designed.It is theoretically investigated that the parameter estimation and output tracking error are semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded.Two simulation examples are conducted to verify the presented adaptive fuzzy controller design.     

Adaptive Neural Dynamic Surface Control for Stochastic Nonlinear Time‐Delay Systems with Input and Output Constraints

This paper presents an adaptive neural tracking control approach for uncertain stochastic nonlinear time‐delay systems with input and output constraints. Firstly, the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique is incorporated into adaptive neural control framework to overcome the problem of ‘explosion of complexity’ in the control design. By employing a continuous differentiable asymmetric saturation model, the input constraint problem is solved. Secondly, the appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and the property of hyperbolic tangent functions are used to deal with the unknown time‐delay terms, RBF neural network is utilized to identify the unknown systems functions, and barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) are designed to avoid the violation of the output constraint. Finally, based on adaptive backstepping technique, an adaptive neural control method is proposed, and it decreases the number of learning parameters. Using Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the designed controller can ensure that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are 4‐Moment (or 2 Moment) semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Two simulation examples are provided to further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Neural observer-based adaptive compensation control for nonlinear time-varying delays systems with input constraints

This paper describes a neural network state observer-based adaptive saturation compensation control for a class of time-varying delayed nonlinear systems with input constraints. An advantage of the presented study lies in that the state estimation problem for a class of uncertain systems with time-varying state delays and input saturation nonlinearities is handled by using the NNs learning process strategy, novel type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the adaptive memoryless neural network observer. Furthermore, by utilizing the property of the function tan h²(?/?)/?, NNs compensation technique and backstepping method, an adaptive output feedback controller is constructed which not only efficiently avoids the problem of controller singularity and input saturation, but also can achieve the output tracking. And the proposed approach is obtained free of any restrictive assumptions on the delayed states and Lispchitz condition for the unknown nonlinear functions. The semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals of the closed-loop systems and the convergence of tracking error to a small neighborhood are all rigorously proven based on the NN-basis function property, Lyapunov method and sliding model theory. Finally, two examples are simulated to confirm the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.     

Adaptive tracking control of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with input constraints

In this paper, adaptive tracking control is proposed for a class of uncertain multi-input and multi-output nonlinear systems with non-symmetric input constraints. The auxiliary design system is introduced to analyze the effect of input constraints, and its states are used to adaptive tracking control design. The spectral radius of the control coefficient matrix is used to relax the nonsingular assumption of the control coefficient matrix. Subsequently, the constrained adaptive control is presented, where command filters are adopted to implement the emulate of actuator physical constraints on the control law and virtual control laws and avoid the tedious analytic computations of time derivatives of virtual control laws in the backstepping procedure. Under the proposed control techniques, the closed-loop semi-global uniformly ultimate bounded stability is achieved via Lyapunov synthesis. Finally, simulation studies are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive tracking control.     

Asymptotic tracking control for constrained nonstrict‐feedback MIMO nonlinear systems via parameter compensations

This paper studies the problem of adaptive fuzzy asymptotic tracking control for multiple input multiple output nonlinear systems in nonstrict‐feedback form. Full state constraints, input quantization, and unknown control direction are simultaneously considered in the systems. By using the fuzzy logic systems, the unknown nonlinear functions are identified. A modified partition of variables is introduced to handle the difficulty caused by nonstrict‐feedback structure. In each step of the backstepping design, the symmetric barrier Lyapunov functions are designed to avoid the breach of the state constraints, and the issues of overparametrization and unknown control direction are settled via introducing two compensation functions and the property of Nussbaum function, respectively. Furthermore, an adaptive fuzzy asymptotic tracking control strategy is raised. Based on Lyapunov stability analysis, the developed control strategy can effectually ensure that all the system variables are bounded, and the tracking errors asymptotically converge to zero. Eventually, simulation results are supplied to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

Finite-time adaptive neural control for uncertain nonlinear time-delay systems with actuator delay and full-state constraints

This paper investigates finite-time adaptive neural tracking control for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems subject to the actuator delay and full-state constraints. The difficulty is to consider full-state time delays and full-state constraints in finite-time control design. First, finite-time control method is used to achieve fast transient performances, and new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals are appropriately constructed to compensate time delays, in which a predictor-like term is utilized to transform input delayed systems into delay-free systems. Second, neural networks are utilized to deal with the unknown functions, the Gaussian error function is used to express the continuously differentiable asymmetric saturation nonlinearity, and barrier Lyapunov functions are employed to guarantee that full-state signals are restricted within certain fixed bounds. At last, based on finite-time stability theory and Lyapunov stability theory, the finite-time tracking control question involved in full-state constraints is solved, and the designed control scheme reduces learning parameters. It is shown that the presented neural controller ensures that all closed-loop signals are bounded and the tracking error converges to a small neighbourhood of the origin in a finite time. The simulation studies are provided to further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Event-triggered adaptive tracking control for nonlinear systems with input saturation and unknown control directions

This article is concerned with event-triggered adaptive tracking control design of strict-feedback nonlinear systems, which are subject to input saturation and unknown control directions. In the design procedure, a smooth nonlinear function is employed to approximate the saturation function so that the controller can be designed under the framework of backstepping. The Nussbaum gain technique is employed to address the issue of the unknown control directions. A predetermined time convergent performance function and a nonlinear mapping technique are introduced to guarantee that the tracking error can converge in the predetermined time with a fast convergence rate and a high accuracy. Then the event-triggered adaptive prescribed performance tracking control strategy is proposed, which not only ensures the boundedness of all the closed-loop signals and the convergence of tracking error but also reduces the communication burden from the controller to the actuator. At last, the simulation study further tests the availability of the proposed control strategy.