Fixed-Time Output Consensus Tracking for High-Order Multi-Agent Systems With Directed Network Topology and Packet Dropout

This paper studies the problem of fixed-time output consensus tracking for high-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with directed network topology with consideration of data packet dropout. First, a predictive compensation based distributed observer is presented to compensate for packet dropout and estimate the leader’s states. Next, stability analysis is conducted to prove fixed time convergence of the developed distributed observer. Then, adaptive fixed-time dynamic surface control is designed to counteract mismatched disturbances introduced by observation error, and stabilize the tracking error system within a fixed time, which overcomes explosion of complexity problem and singularity problem. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the consensus tracking strategy proposed. The contribution of this paper is to provide a fixed-time distributed observer design method for high-order MAS under directed graph subject to packet dropout, and a novel fixed-time control strategy which can handle mismatched disturbances and overcome explosion of complexity and singularity problem.      

Distributed \begin{document}$H_{2}/H_\infty$\end{document} Filter Design for Discrete-Time Switched Systems

This paper addresses an infinite horizon distributed H2/H∞ filtering for discrete-time systems under conditions of bounded power and white stochastic signals. The filter algorithm is designed by computing a pair of gains namely the estimator and the coupling. Herein, we implement a filter to estimate unknown parameters such that the closed-loop multi-sensor accomplishes the desired performances of the proposed H2 and H∞ schemes over a finite horizon. A switched strategy is implemented to switch between the states once the operation conditions have changed due to disturbances. It is shown that the stability of the overall filtering-error system with H2/H∞ performance can be established if a piecewise-quadratic Lyapunov function is properly constructed. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

通信延时和数据丢包下事件驱动的多智能体系统一致性研究

本文研究受网络通信延时和数据随机丢包的多智能系统一致性问题, 探索事件驱动的分布式协同控制策略. 首先针对两类普遍应用的事件触发器, 提出了一个可用于选择触发策略的触发频率比较方法. 然后提出了分布式协同控制律以保证系统的渐近一致性, 并给出了相应的时滞依赖Markov切换控制器设计新方法. 本文所提的控制策略不仅保证系统一致性目标, 而且能显著减少通信数据传输量并降低控制器计算负担. 最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Graph Regularized \begin{document}$L_p$\end{document} Smooth Non-negative Matrix Factorization for Data Representation

This paper proposes a Graph regularized $L_p$ smooth non-negative matrix factorization (GSNMF) method by incorporating graph regularization and $L_p$ smoothing constraint, which considers the intrinsic geometric information of a data set and produces smooth and stable solutions. The main contributions are as follows: first, graph regularization is added into NMF to discover the hidden semantics and simultaneously respect the intrinsic geometric structure information of a data set. Second, the $L_p$ smoothing constraint is incorporated into NMF to combine the merits of isotropic ($L_{2}$-norm) and anisotropic ($L_{1}$-norm) diffusion smoothing, and produces a smooth and more accurate solution to the optimization problem. Finally, the update rules and proof of convergence of GSNMF are given. Experiments on several data sets show that the proposed method outperforms related state-of-the-art methods.      

传输时延和时钟同步对以太网控制系统的影响

在分析报文传输时延和时钟同步精度对EPA网络(工业以太网)控制系统的实时性和稳定性的影响的基础上, 提出了新的基于马尔科夫链的时延模型. 给出了在系统稳定的情况下, 通信宏周期、协议传输时延和时钟同步精度应满足的条件. 建立了无丢包情况下的EPA网络控制系统模型. 提出了EPA控制系统稳定时, 可以设置的最小通信宏周期的计算方法.     

A supervisory control policy over an acoustic communication network

This paper presents a supervisory multi-agent control policy over an acoustic communication network subject to imperfections (packet dropout and transmission delay) for localisation of an underwater flow source (e.g., source of chemical pollution, fresh water, etc.) with an unknown location at the bottom of the ocean. A two-loop control policy combined with a coding strategy for reliable communication is presented to perform the above task. A simulator is developed and used to evaluate the trade-offs between quality of communication, transmission delay and control for a fleet of autonomous underwater vehicles supervised over a noisy acoustic communication network by an autonomous surface vessel. It is illustrated that without compensation of the effects of severe random packet dropout, localisation of an unknown underwater flow source is not possible for the condition simulated just by implementing a two-loop control policy. But a two-loop control policy combined with a strategy for reliable communication locates the unknown location of flow source.     

Compensation for control packet dropout in networked control systems

With the integration of communication networks and distributed control in modern manufacturing and process industries, networked control systems (NCSs) are becoming increasingly important due to its simplicity, scalability, flexibility, and cost effectiveness. However, there are still significant technical barriers that limit the applications of NCS technologies. Two challenges are network-induced time delay and data packet dropout. Applying a real-time queuing protocol that we developed recently, we are able to limit the sum of the network-induced communication delay and the control computation delay within a control period. This one-period delay is further guaranteed by well designed compensation for control packet dropout. Then, this paper proposes to compensate for the control packet dropout at the actuator using past control signals. Three model-free strategies for control packet dropout compensation, namely, PD (proportional plus derivative), PD2 (proportional plus up to the second-order derivative), and PD3 (proportional plus up to the third-order derivative) are developed. They are suitable for a large number of NCSs without the need to tune the compensator parameters. The proposed dropout compensation schemes are demonstrated through numerical examples.     

网络控制中基于FSMC观测器的时延补偿

针对网络控制系统中因存在通讯时延、网络诱导噪声及数据丢失等而可能引起系统性能降低或不稳定的问题,利用模糊滑模控制理论,在时延存在的情况下,基于观测器建立不确定网络控制系统模型;并利用预估方法对网络控制系统的时延进行补偿,从而保证系统的稳定。设计模糊滑模控制器（FSMC）来抑制网络控制系统中的诱导噪声及滑模面上的“抖动”,以及采用预估补偿策略处理网络中的时滞和数据包丢失等,可有效保证系统的稳定。仿真实例表明了该算法的合理性、有效性。     

Improved H∞ consensus of multi-agent systems under network constraints within multiple disturbances

This paper investigates the H_∞ mean square consensus issue of leader-following multi-agent systems (MASs) over connected networks with time-varying delays, topology changes and multiple disturbances (i.e., measurement disturbances and topology stochastic noises). To achieve the consensus, a time-delayed distributed cooperative control strategy is first proposed. For suppressing the influence of data transmission disturbances, an improved point-to-area H_∞ index is designed as a system robustness performance. With the aid of Itô formula and congruence transformation, a time-delay-dependent Markovian switching controller design method is presented. The proposed method not only guarantees the mean square exponential consensus of MASs, but also has a feature of robustness to communication imperfections. Remarkably, compared with the existing literatures, the proposed method is more feasible because no extra supplementary condition is required. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.     

网络控制系统时变采样周期的建模与切换控制*

针对具有双边随机时延和丢包的网络控制系统,首先采用了主动时变采样周期的方法,利用事件和时间驱动相结合方式,传感器的采样周期可实时地跟随网络延时和丢包的变化而改变,克服了长时延和数据包错序的问题。然后将系统建立为统一的切换系统模型,结合基于平均驻留时间的方法,给出了系统状态满足指数稳定的条件,并且描述了其指数衰减率和丢包率之间的定量关系。最后通过数值例仿真验证了本文所提方法的有效性。     

网络控制系统随机稳定性研究

研究了具有随机网络诱导时延及数据包丢失的网络控制系统随机稳定性问题. 本文用一个具有两个状态的马尔可夫链来描述数据通过网络传输时随机数据包丢失过程, 利用马尔可夫跳变线性系统理论, 将网络控制系统建模为一个具有两种运行模式的马尔可夫跳变线性系统, 给出了在状态反馈控制下网络控制系统随机稳定的线性矩阵不等式形式的充分条件, 最后用一个仿真示例验证了该方法的有效性.     

遥操作系统的数据传输和无源性保证

数据变换网络使得建立低成本、大范围、分布式控制系统变得可行。同时,有限带宽共享通信叫络也带来拥塞、时间延迟和丢包等方面不确定性问题。针对遥操作系统的网络数据传输,通过主动丢包进行网络拥塞控制,使用接收缓冲器避免延时抖动以后,利用指数衰减律替代丢包信号,通过网络耗散能量限制其有界能量,以保证网络传输的无源性且有好的能量平衡性。仿真验证了这种数据传输和处理方法的有效性。     

Fully distributed robust consensus control of multi-agent systems with heterogeneous unknown fractional-order dynamics

This paper investigates the robust consensus control problem of heterogeneous unknown nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems (FOMASs) without leader and with multiple leaders of bounded inputs. More specifically, FOMASs with nonidentical unknown coupling nonlinearities and external disturbances are considered in this paper, which takes the first-order MASs as its special case. Based on the σ-modification adaptive control technique, some class of discontinuous robust adaptive control protocols are proposed to solve the leaderless consensus problem and containment consensus problem, respectively. By means of the set-valued maps theory and by artfully choosing Lyapunov function, it is shown that the proposed consensus protocols are user friendly in that they are capable of compensating uncertain coupling nonlinearities, rejecting disturbances, rendering smaller control gains and thus requiring smaller amplitude on the control input while preserving global consensus convergence. All of the proposed robust adaptive consensus protocols are independent of any global and unknown information and thus are fully distributed. Some numerical simulations are provided to validate the correctness of the obtained results.     

切换拓扑下非线性多智能体系统自适应神经网络一致性

本文研究一类具有未知控制系数的非线性多智能体系统自适应神经网络分布式控制策略.首先,针对切换拓扑下具有未知控制系数的非线性多智能体系统一致性问题,提出一类自适应神经网络一致性控制算法.其中,采用神经网络函数逼近方法解决系统中的不确定性问题,并设计一项自适应光滑项处理有界扰动和神经网络函数逼近误差.随后,证明了切换拓扑下具有未知控制系数的非线性多智能体系统的一致性,并保证了闭环系统的有界性.此外,本文把相关的一致性算法扩展到了一般有向图含有一个有向生成树的情形.最后,通过仿真实例验证了本文所提算法的有效性.     

Networked control of discrete-time linear systems over lossy digital communication channels

This article addresses networked control problems for linear time-invariant systems. The insertion of the digital communication network inevitably leads to packet dropout, time delay and quantisation error. Due to data rate limitations, quantisation error is not neglected. In particular, the case where the sensors and controllers are geographically separated and connected via noisy, bandwidth-limited digital communication channels is considered. A fundamental limitation on the data rate of the channel for mean-square stabilisation of the closed-loop system is established. Sufficient conditions for mean-square stabilisation are derived. It is shown that there exists a quantisation, coding and control scheme to stabilise the unstable system over packet dropout communication channels if the data rate is larger than the lower bound proposed in our result. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed conditions.     

DoS攻击下基于多率采样的多智能体系统安全一致性

本 文 研 究 了 一 类 带 有 多 率 采 样 的 线 性 多 智 能 体 系 统(Multiagent Systems, MASs)在 拒 绝 服 务(Denial-of-Service, DoS)攻击下的安全一致性控制问题, 其中DoS攻击通常阻断智能体之间的信息传输. 本文将多 率采样在网络化控制系统中的结果推广到了多智能体系统, 并考虑了非理想通信网络环境. 首先, 通过引入一个匹 配机制来同步由多率采样引起的智能体不同状态分量的采样数据. 然后, 在DoS攻击下, 针对带有多率采样的线 性MAS提出了一个基于多率采样的安全一致性控制器. 通过使用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和切换系统方法, 获得了 包含DoS 攻击持续时间以及攻击频率的安全一致性充分条件. 最后, 给出了一个仿真例子来验证所提方法的有效 性, 并给出了多率采样与单率采样机制的性能对比分析.     

Fully distributed bipartite output consensus of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems based on event‐triggered transmission mechanism

This study investigates the fully distributed bipartite output consensus issue of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems (HLMASs) based on event‐triggered transmission mechanism. Both the cooperative interaction and the antagonistic interaction between neighbor agents are considered. A fully distributed bipartite compensator consisting of time‐varying coupling gain and dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is first proposed to estimate the leader's states. Different from the existing schemes, the proposed compensator is independent of any global information of the network topology, is capable of achieving intermittent communication between neighbors, and is applicable for the signed communication topology. Then the distributed output feedback control protocol is developed such that the fully distributed bipartite event‐triggered output consensus problem can be achieved. Moreover, we extend the results in HLMASs without external disturbances to HLMASs with disturbances, which is more challenging in three cases (a) the disturbances are not available for measurement, (b) the disturbances suffered by each agent are heterogeneous, and (c) the disturbances are not required to be stable or bounded. It is proven that the proposed controllers fulfill the exclusion of Zeno behavior in two consensus problems. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the theoretical results.     

具有数据包丢失的奇异网络控制系统指数稳定性

考虑存在时延和数据包丢失的情况,研究了奇异被控对象的网络控制系统建模与指数稳定性问题.当时延不大于一个采样周期且数据包丢失率一定时,将正则、无脉冲的奇异网络控制系统建模为数据包丢失率约束的异步动态切换系统,给出了状态反馈和动态输出反馈的统一数学模型;推导出数据包丢失率约束的系统指数稳定的充分条件,给出了使系统指数稳定的最大允许数据包丢失率,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

时延与丢包情形下的网络控制系统量化反馈镇定

网络控制系统是通过实时网络来形成闭环反馈的控制系统。网络的介入会带来许多不确定因素,包括网络诱导时延和数据包丢失以及量化误差,它们会影响系统的稳定性,严重时甚至会导致系统失稳。本文针对短时延网络控制系统,考虑传感器-控制器和控制器-执行器两个通道都存在数据包丢失,在传感器到控制器端设立量化器,将系统建模为一个异步动态系统,利用异步动态系统指数稳定性理论、线性矩阵不等式工具分析了闭环系统稳定性,并基于MATLAB软件的线性矩阵不等式(LMI)工具箱实验仿真进行有效性验证,结果证明了方案的可行性,最后给出控制器参数的设计方法。     

H ∞ filtering for impulsive networked control systems with random packet dropouts and randomly occurring nonlinearities

In this paper, the problem of H _∞ filtering for impulsive networked control systems with random packet dropouts and randomly occurring nonlinearities is investigated. By utilizing an impulsive model, the network‐induced imperfections including packet dropout and delay are described by the Bernoulli distributed sequence. The delay in the model is assumed to be time varying. Moreover, nonlinearity in the model is assumed to satisfy sector‐like nonlinearities. The H _∞ filter is designed by using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach and convex optimization technique. The filter gain matrices for the nonlinear networked control systems can be achieved by solving LMIs, which can be easily facilitated by using some standard numerical packages. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.