声光阵列协作的运动目标轨迹预推方法

针对感知平台利用GPS导航和 PIR阵列进行目标轨迹预推精度低，实用性差的局限性，提出了一种利用声导引技术 进行精确定位，4感知平台 PIR阵列构成正方形感知模型实现目标运动轨迹测量的方法，在该研究中，单感知平台由8个PIR传感器组成静动系感知阵列，1个扬声器和 4个麦克风组成声阵列，通过延时估计算法得到各麦克风相对声信标的距离和方位，将感知平台精确导航到预设点，获取感知模型中32路传感器角度信息进行融合，再结合自身坐标信息及检测目标时间信息通过轨迹预推算法推导出准确的运动轨迹， 实验结果表明，该方法有效弥补了仅利用GPS实现单一定位且精度低的不足，同时突破了已往单感知平台进行轨迹预推的方法，具有较大的理论意义与实际应用价值。     

三角形模型的动态PIR目标轨迹预推算方法

针对热释电被动红外传感器(passive infrared sensor,PIR)阵列构建的四边形模型在目标轨迹测量方面的局限性,提出了利用搭载动态PIR阵列的三感知平台构建三角形感知模型实现对运动目标轨迹测量的方法。单感知平台由4路PIR传感器组成,相邻传感器水平方向间隔90°均匀分布,PIR转速为10°/s。首先将三感知平台布撒为三角形感知模型,然后对三感知平台上PIR传感器在转动过程中感知到的角度信息进行筛选,最后将筛选后的有效信息结合感知平台自身坐标信息和时间信息,根据相应轨迹预推算法推导出准确的目标运动轨迹和运动速度。实验结果表明,该方法突破了四感知平台的几何形状限制,降低了成本,将预推轨迹的精度从1.5 m提高到了1 m,具有较大的理论意义与实际应用价值。     

“米”字型PIR构建正方形模型的目标轨迹预推技术

针对单感知平台动静热释电红外传感器（PIR）阵列在目标轨迹测量方面的局限性,提出了利用4感知平台的米字型PIR阵列构成正方形感知模型实现对目标运动轨迹的测量。在该研究中,单感知平台由8个PIR传感器组成米字型阵列,每个传感器间隔45均匀分布;将4感知平台的米字型阵列规则排布建立封闭的正方形感知模型,通过多传感器自适应加权融合算法将4感知平台的32路传感器角度信息进行融合,再结合自身坐标信息及检测目标时间信息通过轨迹预推算法推导出准确的运动轨迹,同时得到目标的运动速度。实验结果表明,该方法有效弥补了单感知平台PIR阵列功能上只能实现单一定位且精度低的不足,实现了目标运动轨迹的准确测量以及时序上目标位置的预判,具有较大的理论意义与实际应用价值。     

PIR的多节点目标多次定位研究

为了充分利用热释电传感器（PIR）的被动探测特性,拓宽热释电传感器在目标定位领域的应用。在峰-峰值时间差测距方法的理论基础上,提出了一种利用PIR针对运动目标（人体）的定位理论,并针对单节点实现目标定位存在定位盲区的不足出发,设计巧妙的机构实现多节点目标多次定位。根据感知节点最优布设原则,以双节点的最优布设为例展开讨论,找出不同节点下的最优布设模型。通过对双节点最优布设模型下对运动目标多次的探测实验表明,利用多节点实现运动目标探测区域多次定位的理论是有效和正确的。该方法打破了热释电传感器硬件常规使用方式,进一步提升了PIR的使用范围。     

一种动静PIR相结合的目标定位方法

针对目前热释电红外(PIR)传感器在静态人体 检测方面的局限性,提出了一种在动态下利用多PIR传感器、 动静相结合对人员目标进行检测、测向与定位的方法。研究中,感知节点上的静态PIR传感 器对人员目标进行 测距,动态PIR传感器以10°/s的速率对监控区域往复式扫描,变被动为“主动”。当人员 目标与PIR传感器的探测视线 相交时,通过帧差法得到目标的角度值,融合多个传感器的测量值进行交叉定位,实现了在 探测区域对整 个目标事件过程的有效数据采集。实验证明,本文方法能很好地对不同状态下的人员目标进 行检测定位,具有实用价值。     

一种基于PIR的对瞄测距定位方法研究

针对目标以不同角度运动时,采用峰峰值时间差法测距所得到误差较大,以及部分角度处的测量值严重偏离真实值的情况,提出了一种利用两个静态红外传感器在对瞄情况下进行目标定位的方法。这种方法首先把两个 PIR 置于同一直线、同一高度上、相距30 m 进行对瞄,当目标垂直和斜切穿过 PIR 的探测视场时,对瞄的 PIR 测得距离值并相互修正。实验结果表明,在对瞄情况下,提高了峰峰值时间差法的精度。     

运动检测与定位的热释电红外传感新方法

针对人体目标运动检测与定位,提出了一种新型的热释电红外感知方法,采用递阶的体系结构对菲涅尔透镜的视场(FoV)进行空间调制。首先,对单个传感器节点上的多个热释电红外(PIR)传感器及其菲涅尔透镜的FoV进行环形调制编码,实现单自由度的FoV细分;然后,利用相邻的3个传感器节点相互协作定位。实验表明,该方法具有计算简单、鲁棒性好等优点。     

PIR传感器网络中行为轨迹重构的几何代数方法

基于高密度、低成本的PIR（Passive Infrared Detector）被动式红外探测器传感器进行人群行为轨迹的定位与重建是人群行为分析的重要方向.PIR传感器通过0-1响应确定附近是否有行人通过,并通过不同传感器响应序列的时空序列关系实现对人群行为轨迹的识别与跟踪.已有PIR传感器网络分析方法多从群体行为视角揭示人群运动的统计特征,在行为估算精度、不确定性等方面仍存在诸多问题.本文针对PIR传感器网络中个人行为轨迹的重构问题,引入几何代数工具,实现PIR传感器网络拓扑、时空响应数据序列和行为轨迹的代数化统一表达,进而以传感器响应的时空关系为基础进行网络连通性的判定.基于几何代数算子构建轨迹路径的延拓与扩展规则,并集成传感器对轨迹的时空响应关系构建基于PIR传感器网络响应序列数据的行为轨迹重构算法.最后以MERL实验室连续观测数据为案例,论证了方法的合理性与有效性.     

超小型PIR运动传感器

Matsushita Automation Controls公司生产的MP系列被动式红外(PIR)运动传感器是专为探测移动物体而设计的,其超小型设计使其透镜表面积为传统产品的1/5。该系列共有四种不同型号的产品:10米探测距离的长距离型有80个探测区;5米探测距离的标准型     

针对静态感知系统的坐标系改进设计

由于四个菲涅尔透镜和四个热释电传感器组成的四元十字阵列静态感知系统探测视场角度大,相邻感知区域有重叠,导致传统的感知系统坐标系的探测精度降低。为了提高探测目标的可靠性,提出一种改进的二维坐标系。该坐标系根据相邻感知区域的重叠区,重新建立十字坐标系统。文中建立了新坐标系的理论模型,经过实验验证,该改进坐标系设计切实可行,使感知系统探测目标精度有所提高,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于超声波传感器的导盲杖设计

基于我国盲人及视力障碍者数量大,行动不便,设计导盲杖用于识别路况,有助于盲人日常生活。应用嵌入式技术和超声波技术设计导盲杖,用超声测距模块分别探测正前方、左前方和右前方3个方向的障碍物,用C8051F360单片机获取3个距离信息,并根据处理结果通过语音进行提示;同时,用另一超声波模块对路面情况进行探测,根据距离信息判断路况,并通过语音进行提示。本装置具有障碍物探测及时、路面情况探测准确、成本低、可靠性高、操作方便的特点,可为盲人行走提供安全保障。     

用于“3S”系统的树型BOFG分布传感阵列

阐述了Bragg光纤光栅(BOFG)树型传感阵列概念。该阵列与串型结构相比具有如下优点:对阵列传感元的中心波长不存在间隔分布要求,可以采用统一(中心波长相同)的传感元组阵,造价低,易于商用化;带载能力强(组阵传感元数量可以做得很大),适用于大面积实时监测;光电接合部多光路传输,提高了抗故障能力。以具体方案介绍了系统构成原理。通过原理分析和典型参数,进行了数值计算,并分析了阵列特性,得出了一些有价值的结论。     

Planar location of the simulative acoustic source based on fiber optic sensor array

A fiber optic sensor array which is structured by four Sagnac fiber optic sensors is proposed to detect and locate a simulative source of acoustic emission (AE). The sensing loops of Sagnac interferometer (SI) are regarded as point sensors as their small size. Based on the derived output light intensity expression of SI, the optimum work condition of the Sagnac fiber optic sensor is discussed through the simulation of MATLAB. Four sensors are respectively placed on a steel plate to structure the sensor array and the location algorithms are expatiated. When an impact is generated by an artificial AE source at any position of the plate, the AE signal will be detected by four sensors at different times. With the help of a single chip microcomputer (SCM) which can calculate the position of the AE source and display it on LED, we have implemented an intelligent detection and location.     

Sensor Deployment Strategy for Detection of Targets Traversing a Region

Sensing devices can be deployed to form a network for monitoring a region of interest. This paper investigates detection of a target traversing the region being monitored by using collaborative target detection algorithms among the sensors. The objective of the study is to develop a low cost sensor deployment strategy to meet a performance criteria. The paper defines a path exposure metric as a measure of goodness of deployment. It then gives a problem formulation for the random sensor deployment and defines cost functions that take into account the cost of single sensors and the cost of deployment. A sequential sensor deployment approach is then developed. The paper illustrates that the overall cost of deployment can be minimized to achieve the desired detection performance by appropriately choosing the number of sensors deployed in each step of the sequential deployment strategy.     

一种基于Hough变换的声呐对目标航迹检测算法研究

为提高声呐对目标航迹的检测性能,从单部声呐时间融合的角度出发,提出了一种基于Hough变换的声呐信号检测算法。该算法把航迹上的观测点变换为参数空间的对应曲线,充分利用一段时间内的目标观测数据,在低信噪比下也能从背景噪声中提取目标的航迹特征,提高了声呐的检测概率,且对部分信息和数据的缺失不敏感。仿真试验证明了该算法的有效性。     

Self‐Powered Tactile Sensor Array Systems Based on the Triboelectric Effect

With the arrival of intelligent terminals, tactile sensors which are capable of sensing various external physical stimuli are considered among the most vital devices for the next generation of smart electronics. To create a self‐powered tactile sensor system that can function sustainably and continuously without an external power source is of crucial significance. An overview of the development in self‐powered tactile sensor array system based on the triboelectric effect is systematically presented. The combination of multi‐functionalization and high performance of tactile sensors aimed at achieving highly comprehensive performance is presented. For the tactile sensor unit, a development is summarized based on the two primary modes which are vertical contact–separation and single‐electrode. For the pressure mapping array, the resolution is significantly enhanced by the novel cross‐type configuration based on the single‐electrode mode. Integrated with other mechanisms, the performance will be further elevated by broadening of the detect range and realizing of visualization of pressure imaging. Then, two main applications of human–machine interaction (HMI) and trajectory monitoring are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of self‐powered tactile sensor system based on triboelectric effect are discussed.     

Quantum‐Dot‐Tagged Bioresponsive Hydrogel Suspension Array for Multiplex Label‐Free DNA Detection

A novel hydrogel suspension array, which possesses the joint advantages of quantum‐dot‐encoded technology, bioresponsive hydrogels, and photonic crystal sensors with full multiplexing label‐free DNA detection capability is developed. The microcarriers of the suspension array are quantum‐dot‐tagged DNA‐responsive hydrogel photonic beads. In the case of label‐free DNA detection, specific hybridization of target DNA and the crosslinked single‐stranded DNA in the hydrogel grid will cause hydrogel shrinking, which can be detected as a corresponding blue shift in the Bragg diffraction peak position of the beads that can be used for quantitatively estimating the amount of target DNA. The results of the label‐free DNA detection show that the suspension array has high selectivity and sensitivity with a detection limit of 10^?9 M . This method has the potential to provide low cost, miniaturization, and simple and real‐time monitoring of hybridization reaction platforms for detecting genetic variations and sequencing genes.