非共线相位匹配太赫兹波参量振荡器级联参量过程的研究

在铌酸锂晶体非共线相位匹配太赫兹波参量振荡器中观察到了级联光学参量效应.实验中测量到了一阶、二阶和三阶斯托克斯光.通过分析一阶、二阶和三阶斯托克斯光谱发现相邻阶斯托克斯光频率差相等,表明在太赫兹波的产生过程中发生了级联光学参量效应.在高阶级联光学参量过程中,一个泵浦光子可以产生多个太赫兹光子,表明在太赫兹波产生过程中量子转换效率会有效提高.     

耦合级联光学差频高效产生太赫兹波的研究

本文提出了一种耦合级联光学差频（CCDFG）高效产生太赫兹波的方法。利用耦合光学参量效应产生的双信号光和双闲频光在同一块非周期极化铌酸锂（APPLN）晶体中分别激励一套级联光学差频（CDFG）并产生太赫兹波。频率、偏振方向、传播方向完全相同的太赫兹波将两套CDFG强烈地耦合在一起。CCDFG可以利用两套CDFG共同产生并放大太赫兹波,而产生的太赫兹波又反过来增强CCDFG,进一步驱动CCDFG向更高阶斯托克斯差频扩展,从而大幅提高了太赫兹波能量转换效率。经计算可知,在100 K和300 K温度下,CCDFG产生太赫兹波的能量转换效率分别为37%和4.6%,比相同条件下双信号光和双闲频光激励的两套CDFG的能量转换效率之和分别提高了40%和60%以上。     

周期极化GaAs晶体中差频产生太赫兹辐射的研究

传统的光学差频产生的太赫兹辐射转换效率低,不能获得高功率太赫兹辐射。本文对周期极化GaAs晶体中差频产生太赫兹辐射进行了理论计算,通过温度调谐实现了周期极化GaAs晶体中差频获得可调谐太赫兹波的输出。为了提高差频过程的增益和量子效率,在准相位匹配基础上引进了级联差频机理,并对最佳晶体长度和最佳泵浦频率进行了计算。结果表明,利用周期极化的GaAs晶体可以获得更高能量更高效率的太赫兹波辐射。     

在极化声子共振区基于级联差频产生高频太赫兹波

提出了一种在晶体极化声子共振区利用级联差频在Mg O∶Li Nb O3平板波导中产生高频太赫兹波的方法。不同于传统的基于两束近红外光直接差频产生太赫兹波,本文首先利用两束近红外光在周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)晶体中产生低频太赫兹波和一系列级联光,然后将上述级联光耦合导入平板波导中,通过改变平板波导的尺寸优化各阶差频的相位失配分布,经级联差频高效产生高频太赫兹波。借助Mg O∶Li Nb O3晶体极化声子共振区巨大的非线性光学系数,以及Mg O∶Li Nb O3平板波导中被降低的太赫兹波吸收系数,在室温下通过输入两束强度均为100 MW/cm2的差频光,得到了频率为5 THz的高频太赫兹波,太赫兹波强度为88.2396 MW/cm2,能量转换效率为44.12%。本文为产生高频、高功率太赫兹波提供了一种全新方法,可以推动高频太赫兹波在未来高速无线通信领域的应用。     

GaP,GaAs和PPLN晶体级联差频产生太赫兹辐射

研究周期极化磷化镓晶体(GaP)、砷化镓晶体(GaAs)和周期极化铌酸锂晶体(PPLN)准相位匹配级联差频产生太赫兹辐射,相较于差频过程,级联过程太赫兹辐射输出功率增大9.5倍。通过分析三波耦合方程,计算并比较晶体的波矢失配量、极化周期和太赫兹功率,结果显示,基于GaP晶体产生的太赫兹功率略大于GaAs晶体输出的功率;GaAs晶体的极化周期最小;PPLN晶体的波矢失配量和极化周期取值范围最小,而输出的太赫兹功率和转换效率最高。建立基于周期极化掺氧化镁铌酸锂晶体(MgO:PPLN)准相位匹配原理的宽调谐激光系统,分析吸收因子对输出太赫兹功率的影响,计算级联差频峰值功率和转换效率。十五阶峰值功率3.72 MW,泵浦光总能量到太赫兹辐射能量的转换效率是3.72%。     

基于CO2激光的AgGaS2差频产生太赫兹波的数值分析

采用中红外CO₂激光差频产生太赫兹波是提高转换效率和输出功率的一种有效方法。根据差频过程中的三波互作用对AgGaS₂晶体进行了理论分析,数值模拟了oeo类和oee类两种匹配条件下差频产生太赫兹波的角度调谐曲线,并计算了光波在晶体中的走离角和允许参量。另外,还考虑了晶体的有效非线性系数和理论功率转换效率。研究结果表明,AgGaS₂晶体适用于中红外CO₂激光差频产生可广泛调谐的太赫兹波。     

基于差频产生太赫兹的中远红外非线性光学晶体

文章介绍了ZnGeP2,GaSe,CdSe,GaAs,GaP,DAST等几种用于太赫兹辐射的中远红外非线性光学晶体的非线性性能,总结了利用它们通过非线性光学差频产生太赫兹方面的最近进展.最后给出了获得较高转换效率和能量的太赫兹波输出的非线性光学晶体应具备的条件.     

太赫兹辐射产生技术进展

分别就光学技术和电子学技术产生太赫兹波的方法,介绍其产生原理、研发现状和最新进展,重点介绍了光电导、光整流、参量振荡器和太赫兹量子级联激光器.     

产生太赫兹辐射源的Nd∶YAG双波长准连续激光器

产生太赫兹波辐射的方法可分为电子学和光子学两大类。在光子学领域,非线性光学差频方法是获取高功率、低成本、便携式、室温运转太赫兹波的主要方法之一。实验研究了激光二极管(LD)端面抽运Nd∶YAG1319nm/1338nm双波长准连续线偏振运转激光器,理论计算了输出双波长在非线性晶体DAST(4-N,N-di methylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate)中差频产生太赫兹辐射的平均功率。在重复频率50kHz时,双波长激光平均输出功率达到2.22W,斜率效率12.72%,线偏振度0.983,脉冲宽度71.91ns。M2因子仅为1.165,不稳定性小于0.487%。根据非线性差频理论,计算出可在1mm厚DAST晶体中获得4.71mW的3.23THz高相干性太赫兹波辐射。这两条非常接近的谱线为进一步通过非线性光学差频方法获得高相干性太赫兹波提供了理论基础。     

太赫兹波光学参量效应放大特性的理论研究

针对太赫兹波光学参量效应中增益介质对太赫兹波强烈吸收的特点,提出光学参量效应中泵浦光、斯托克斯光和太赫兹波三波共线相互作用可以有效放大太赫兹波。以周期极化铌酸锂晶体为例,通过解耦合波方程,在不同的近似条件下分析了前向和后向太赫兹波的放大特性。计算结果表明,在太赫兹波吸收系数远大于太赫兹波增益系数的条件下,泵浦光、斯托克斯光和太赫兹波三波共线作用可以有效提高太赫兹波功率。分析结果对周期极化铌酸锂晶体光学参量振荡产生太赫兹波的实验研究提供深入和全面的理论基础。     

Highly efficient terahertz generation from periodically-poled RbTiOPO4

Terahertz (THz) generation by periodically-poled RbTiOPO4 (PPRTP) with a quasi-phase-matching scheme based on cascaded difference frequency generation (DFG) processes is theoretically analyzed. The cascaded Stokes and anti-Stokes interaction processes are investigated from coupled wave equations. The THz intensities and quantum conversion efficiency are calculated. Compared with that of non-cascaded DFG processes, the THz intensity in 7-order cascaded DFG processes is increased to 2.95 times. The quantum conversion efficiency of 149.9% in cascaded processes can be realized, which exceeds the Manley-Rowe limit.     

Theoretical research on cascaded terahertz difference-frequency generation based on sphalerite crystals

A theoretical model of cascaded terahertz(THz) difference-frequency generation is established based on one-dimensional coupled-wave equations.The relationships between sphalerite crystals’ wave vector mismatches and difference-frequency pump waves are analyzed.To produce terahertz wave with the frequency of 1.5 THz,80-order cascaded difference-frequency is applied.By introducing crystal absorption,we calculate the optimum crystal length and pump frequency under actual circumstances.It is found that Stokes waves dominate the terahertz waves output in cascaded progress,and cascaded difference-frequency can increase the photon conversion efficiency obviously.     

Analysis of novel cascaded /spl chi//sup (2)/ (SFG+DFG) wavelength conversions in quasi-phase-matched waveguides

A novel cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction (/spl chi//sup (2)/), which is simultaneously based on sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG) processes, is proposed and analyzed in quasi-phase-matched wavelength converters. Analytical expressions with clear physical insights are derived for the converted light. It is shown that the same conversion efficiency can be achieved by employing two pump sources with lower output power (P/sub p1/,P/sub p2/) in this novel scheme as compared with the conventional cascaded wavelength conversion technique based on second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation (SHG+DFG) with a single higher power pump beam (P/sub p/=P/sub p1/+P/sub p2/). The theoretical results are consistent with the experimental ones. It is found that the pump wavelength difference can be separated by a span as large as 75 nm, while large 3-dB signal conversion bandwidth is retained. The results show that the novel cascaded /spl chi//sup (2)/ wavelength conversion scheme is very attractive for practical applications.     

Wavelength conversions in quasi-phase matched LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide based on double-pass cascaded /spl chi//sup (2)/ SFG+DFG interactions

Based on the cascaded nonlinear interactions (/spl chi//sup (2)/:/spl chi//sup (2)/) of sum- and difference-frequency generation (SFG+DFG), a novel all-optical wavelength conversion scheme is proposed for the first time in periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ (PPLN) waveguide, in which a double-pass configuration is introduced. The performance of this scheme is thus different from the previous single-pass SFG+DFG scheme. The concept of the "balance condition" is presented to optimize the power and frequencies of the two pump sources. Under this condition, the energy is transferred irreversibly from the pump waves to the SF wave during the forward propagation. The equations describing the SFG can be solved analytically under this condition. Subsequently, the DFG equations are solved under the assumption that the SF wave would be constant during the backward propagation. Theoretical expressions are derived and are found to be consistent with numerical calculations. Compared with the conventional converter based on the cascaded /spl chi//sup (2)/:/spl chi//sup (2)/ interactions of second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation SHG+DFG, the same conversion efficiency can be achieved in our scheme by employing two pump sources with lower power, or conversely higher conversion efficiency can be reached using two pump sources similar to that used in SFG+DFG scheme. The profile of the conversion efficiency can be further improved by adjusting the wavelengths of the two pump sources. In addition, compared with the single-pass SFG+DFG scheme, the main advantage of this new scheme rests on the fact that the conversion efficiency can be enhanced significantly. The advantages of the double-pass SHG+DFG scheme and the single-pass SFG+DFG scheme are combined in this new design to a great extent.     

太赫兹波在砷化镓波导中的产生与传输

为提高太赫兹(THz)波的产生效率,研究了飞秒激光与GaAs 晶体的相互作用。首先研究了块状GaAs 晶体中泵浦光与THz 波间的相位匹配,结果显示泵浦光的群折射率曲线与THz 波的折射率曲线不存在交点,表明了块状晶体结构中相位失配问题的存在;然后设计了四种不同尺寸的波导结构,根据波导理论计算了波导结构在0.1~6 THz 波段的折射率,并结合波导的吸收和色散参数分析了THz 波在晶体中的最佳传输距离。研究结果表明,GaAs 波导结构能够有效增大泵浦光与THz 波的相位匹配程度,从而提高飞秒激光与晶体耦合过程中THz 波的产生效率。研究为基于飞秒激光与GaAs晶体相互作用的高效THz 产生技术提供了理论依据。     

Quasi-phase-matched (QPM) difference frequency generation in amirrorless counterpropagating configuration

We present a theoretical analysis of second-order nonlinear difference frequency generation (DFG) in a generalized mirrorless quasi-phase-matching (QPM) frame, aimed at a comparison of counterpropagating DFG configuration (CDFG) to other DFG schemes, in view of all-optical processing applications. Field nonlinear coupling equations have been numerically solved under the hypothesis of phase-matched interaction. The evolution of propagating fields within the material and the wavelength conversion efficiency have been calculated in dependence of operating parameters. The increased complexity in the evolution of amplitude and phase for fields interacting in CDFG with respect to forward-propagating DFG (FDFG) is at the basis of a dramatic increase in the wavelength conversion efficiency under particular settings of device parameters     

基于铌酸锂晶体电光效应的差频转换效率调制

为了在差频过程中得到较高的转换效率,利用铌酸锂晶体的电光效应来改变晶体的折射率,进而在非线性过程中调整位相失配量来实现差频转换效率的调制,模拟了外加电场对差频转换效率的影响。结果表明,利用铌酸锂晶体的电光效应,可以在任意给定抽运光强的情况下,获得较高的差频转换效率。这一结果对于获得新的中红外光源是非常有益的。     

Theoretical Analysis of a Cascaded Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator

Threshold and conversion efficiency of a cascaded continuous-wave (CW) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) which can obtain CW terahertz (THz) light are analyzed by the plane wave approach. The model predicts experimental results of the first-order cascaded threshold. The theoretically predicted threshold for the backward idler parametric process agrees with the experimental data. Validation with a high-order cascaded parametric process awaits completion of experiments. At a pump wavelength of 1,030 nm and temperature of 120 °C, the threshold intensity of the forward idler parametric process was 2.2–2.4 times that of the backward process when the period length of the MgO:periodically poled lithium niobate crystal was 24–30 μm. The energy efficiency of CW THz light at a cascade order smaller than 6 is 10^?5–10^?4. Moreover, efficiency of N cascaded processes can be increased by a factor of N compared with that of a single parametric process, which is limited by the Manley–Rowe relationship. To our knowledge, this is the first theoretical treatment of threshold and energy efficiency of a cascaded CW OPO.