Segmentation and Restoration of Images on Surfaces by Parametric Active Contours with Topology Changes

In this article, a new method for segmentation and restoration of images on two-dimensional surfaces is given. Active contour models for image segmentation are extended to images on surfaces. The evolving curves on the surfaces are mathematically described using a parametric approach. For image restoration, a diffusion equation with Neumann boundary conditions is solved in a postprocessing step in the individual regions. Numerical schemes are presented which allow to efficiently compute segmentations and denoised versions of images on surfaces. Also topology changes of the evolving curves are detected and performed using a fast sub-routine. Finally, several experiments are presented where the developed methods are applied on different artificial and real images defined on different surfaces.     

A New TV-Stokes Model for Image Deblurring and Denoising with Fast Algorithms

The famous TV-Stokes models, which improve the restored images comfortable, have been very successful in image denoising. In this paper, we propose a new TV-Stokes model for image deblurring with a good geometry explanation. In the tangential field smoothing, the data fidelity term is chosen to measure the distance between the solution and the orthogonal projection of the tangential field of the observation image onto the range of the conjugate of the blurry operator, while the total variation of the solution is chosen as the regularization term. In the image reconstruction, we compute the smoothing part of the image from the smoothed tangential field for the first step, and use an anisotropic TV model to obtain the “texture” part of the deblurred image. The solvability properties for the minimization problems in two steps are established, and fast algorithms are presented. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the new deblurring model can capture the details of images hidden in the blurry and noisy image, and the fast algorithms are efficient and robust.     

Robust dense reconstruction by range merging based on confidence estimation

Although the stereo matching problem has been extensively studied during the past decades, automatically computing a dense 3D reconstruction from several multiple views is still a difficult task owing to the problems of textureless regions, outliers, detail loss, and various other factors. In this paper, these difficult problems are handled effectively by a robust model that outputs an accurate and dense reconstruction as the final result from an input of multiple images captured by a normal camera. First, the positions of the camera and sparse 3D points are estimated by a structure-from-motion algorithm and we compute the range map with a confidence estimation for each image in our approach. Then all the range maps are integrated into a fine point cloud data set. In the final step we use a Poisson reconstruction algorithm to finish the reconstruction. The major contributions of the work lie in the following points: effective range-computation and confidence-estimation methods are proposed to handle the problems of textureless regions, outliers and detail loss. Then, the range maps are merged into the point cloud data in terms of a confidence-estimation. Finally, Poisson reconstruction algorithm completes the dense mesh. In addition, texture mapping is also implemented as a post-processing work for obtaining good visual effects. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

一种基于全部和局部平滑光流的分步人脸重建算法

提出一种基于全部和局部（combined local-global approach, CLG）平滑光流的分步人脸重构算法。首先利用原始CLG得到图像初始匹配值; 再以反投影残差、光流梯度、人脸光流范围进行约束, 找出初始匹配中不可信匹配区域; 最后对不可信图像区域提取纹理并再次计算光流值。实验表明, 该人脸重建算法的重建精度与鲁棒性比原始CLG算法高, 能够得到光顺的人脸三维数据。     

一种自适应彩色数字图像盲隐藏方法

提出了一种将24位真彩色图像隐藏于另一幅24位真彩色图像的新方法。该方法采用硬c均值聚类及多分辨率彩色量化技术，实现了彩色图像的自适应盲隐藏。它具有隐藏信息量大、恢复图像的误差小及使用方便的特点，对常见的图像处理与攻击具有一定的抵抗能力。另外，通过超混沌的置乱技术，使隐藏到载体图像中的数据有非常好的伪随机特征，具有很高的安全性。该方法在PC机上实验，得到较好的实验结果。     

Applications of a direct algorithm for the rectification of uncalibrated images

An algorithm for the rectification of uncalibrated images is presented and applied to a variety of cases. The algorithm generates the rectifying transformations directly from the geometrical relationship between the images, using any three correspondences in the images to define a reference plane. A small set of correspondences is used to calculate an initial rectification. Additional correspondences are introduced semi-automatically, by correlating regions of the rectified images. Since the rectified images of surfaces in the reference plane have no relative distortion, features can be matched very accurately by correlation, allowing small changes in disparity to be detected. In the 3-d reconstruction of an architectural scene, differences in depth are resolved to about 0.001 of the distance from camera to subject.     

Range image reconstruction based on robust multiresolution estimation of surface parameters

This paper proposes two robust multiresolution estimation methods of surface parameters for range images. Based on the robust estimation of surface parameters, the proposed methods approximate a patch to a planar surface in the locally adaptive window. Selection of resolution is made pixelwise by comparing a locally computed homogeneity measure with the global threshold obtained by the distribution of the approximation error. The proposed multiresolution surface parameter estimation methods are applied to range image reconstruction and segmentation. Computer simulation results with noisy images contaminated by additive Gaussian noise and impulse noise show that the proposed multiresolution reconstruction methods preserve step and roof edges better than the conventional methods. Also the segmentation methods based on the estimated surface parameters are shown to be robust to noise.     

Positron emission tomography by Markov chain Monte Carlo with auxiliary variables

We propose a new algorithm for positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction. The algorithm belongs to the family of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods with auxiliary variables. The idea is to iteratively generate hidden variables at one step and use them for image restoration at another step. The well-known model of Vardi et al. (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 80 (1985) 8) for PET is combined with the Bayesian model of Lasota and Niemiro (Pattern Recognition 36 (2003) 931) for the underlying images. This latter model takes advantage of the fact that medical images often consist of relatively few grey-levels of unknown intensity. The algorithm of Lasota and Niemiro (Pattern Recognition 36 (2003) 931) is used in the image restoration part of the PET algorithm, essentially as a noise-filtering and smoothing device. It is now equipped with an additional data reconstruction step. We include simulation results which suggest that the method is truly reliable. We also describe a version of the basic algorithm, in which a random simulation step is replaced by computation of expected value, similarly as in the EM algorithm.     

Defect detection in inhomogeneously textured sputtered surfaces using 3D Fourier image reconstruction

Texture analysis techniques have been used extensively for surface inspection, in which small defects that appear as local anomalies in textured surfaces must be detected. Traditional surface inspection methods are mainly concentrated on homogeneous textures. In this paper, we propose a 3D Fourier reconstruction scheme to tackle the problem of surface inspection on sputtered glass substrates that contain inhomogeneous textures. Such sputtered surfaces can be found in touch panels and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Since an inhomogeneously textured surface does not have repetition, self-similarity properties in the image, a sequence of faultless images along with the inspection image are used to construct a 3D image so that the periodic patterns of the surface can be observed in the additional frame-axis. Bandreject filtering is used to eliminate frequency components associated with faultless textures in the spatial domain image, and the 3D inverse Fourier transform is then carried out to reconstruct the image. The resulting image can effectively remove background textures and distinctly preserve anomalies. This converts the difficult defect detection in complicated inhomogeneous textures into a simple thresholding in nontextured images. Experimental results from a number of sputtered glass surfaces have shown the efficacy of the proposed 3D Fourier image reconstruction scheme.     

基于小波域HMT模型的序列图像超分辨率重建*

鉴于基于小波域隐马尔可夫树的噪声抑制性和较好的边缘保持性,提出一种基于小波域隐马尔可夫树的序列图像的超分辨率重建算法。针对小波系数进行统计建模,讨论了不同尺度小波系数之间的隐马尔可夫树结构,利用了序列图像的运动信息,运用极大后验概率估计和贝叶斯原理,将小波域HMT作为图像先验知识并给出了超分辨率重建算法,最终通过EM算法和共轭梯度算法的交替迭代进行优化计算。实验结果表明方法的重建效果得到了明显的改进。     

Neural computation approach for developing a 3D shapereconstruction model

The shape from shading problem refers to the well-known fact that most real images usually contain specular components and are affected by unknown reflectivity. In this paper, these limitations are addressed and a new neural-based 3D shape reconstruction model is proposed. The idea behind this approach is to optimize a proper reflectance model by learning the parameters of the proposed neural reflectance model. In order to do this, new neural-based reflectance models are presented. The feedforward neural network (FNN) model is able to generalize the diffuse term, while the RBF model is able to generalize the specular term. A hybrid structure of FNN-based and RBF-based models is also presented because most real surfaces are usually neither Lambertian models nor ideally specular models. Experimental results, including synthetic and real images, are presented to demonstrate the performance of our approach given different specular effects, unknown illuminate conditions, and different noise environments.     

基于混合先验的CT图像重建研究

在图像重建中,可以通过贝叶斯方法引入先验知识来抑制噪声提高重建的质量,提出了基于Gibbs先验和解剖中值先验混合的算法,该方法根据Gibbs先验分布和中值先验分布,先用基于Gibbs先验分布的算法多次迭代图像,再结合解剖结构先验,将以后每次迭代后的图像分割成不同的区域,将分割后的图像像素运用于中值先验.仿真实验表明,在...     

基于MAP算法的图像超分辨率重建

近年来图像的超分辨率重建已经成为人们广泛研究的热点.本文提出了一种从多幅低分辨率欠采样图像中重建出一幅高分辨率图像的重建方法.该方法基于MAP框架,用迭代方法得到最优化解.在每次的迭代过程中利用上次迭代得到的重建图像的有用信息来不断调整迭代参数,不断的循环迭代,最后求解出重建图像的最优解.实验结果证明,该方法有效,它不仅能在迭代过程中自动选择和更新调整参数,并且能得到期望的高分辨率重建图像.     

A Bayesian segmentation methodology for parametric image models

Region-based image segmentation methods require some criterion for determining when to merge regions. This paper presents a novel approach by introducing a Bayesian probability of homogeneity in a general statistical context. The authors' approach does not require parameter estimation and is therefore particularly beneficial for cases in which estimation-based methods are most prone to error: when little information is contained in some of the regions and, therefore, parameter estimates are unreliable. The authors apply this formulation to three distinct parametric model families that have been used in past segmentation schemes: implicit polynomial surfaces, parametric polynomial surfaces, and Gaussian Markov random fields. The authors present results on a variety of real range and intensity images     

Segmentation through variable-order surface fitting

The solution of the segmentation problem requires a mechanism for partitioning the image array into low-level entities based on a model of the underlying image structure. A piecewise-smooth surface model for image data that possesses surface coherence properties is used to develop an algorithm that simultaneously segments a large class of images into regions of arbitrary shape and approximates image data with bivariate functions so that it is possible to compute a complete, noiseless image reconstruction based on the extracted functions and regions. Surface curvature sign labeling provides an initial coarse image segmentation, which is refined by an iterative region-growing method based on variable-order surface fitting. Experimental results show the algorithm's performance on six range images and three intensity images     

Filtering and segmentation of digitized land use map images

One important step in the analysis of digitized land use map images is the separation of the information in layers. In this paper we present a technique called Selective Attention Filter which is able to extract or enhance some features of the image that correspond to conceptual layers in the map by extracting information from results of clustering of local regions on the map. Different parameters can be used to extract or enhance different information on the image. Details on the algorithm, examples of application of the filter and results are also presented. Received: October 1, 1997 / Revised June 16, 1998     

Object recognition by three-dimensional curve matching

Experimental results for the recognition of general curves in three-space using registered range and intensity images are presented. the matching algorithm uses fast Fourier transforms to determine the least-squares difference between sequences of points sampled at equal intervals along two piecewise linear approximations of curves in three-space and returns the rotation and translation required to bring one of the curves into closest juxtaposition with the other. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by matching curves in three-space which are the boundaries of regions of contrasting reflectivity on curved surfaces. the experiments use a recently developed range sensor which is able to generate a 512 × 460 × 12 bit range image (with registered intensity image) in 40 s.