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结构健康监测(简称SHM)是指利用现场的无损传感技术,通过包括结构响应在内的结构系统特性分析,达到监测结构损伤或退化的目的。传统传感器下的健康监测系统普遍存在着稳定性与耐久性差、抗干扰性(包括电磁、噪音、光强)差、布设工艺复杂、成活率低等缺点,也是土木工程界迫切需要解决的难题。本文将光纤光栅传感器引入健康监测系统的传感系统,为解决这一难题指明了新的思路,并在实践中得到有效验证。 相似文献
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随着建筑结构的大型化、复杂化,利用结构健康监测(Structural health monitoring)技术评判结构的安全状态是非常重要的。本文基于BIM技术,结合数据库管理和传感通信技术构建了SHM系统框架,利用参数化设计工具Dynamo,由BIM模型自动访问SHM数据库,通过阈值设定,将损伤构件映射到BIM模型上,实现基于SHM数据进行结构状态评估的可视化预警能力。 相似文献
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由于现代铁路线路的高压电力反馈系统加强,电磁干扰成为铁路桥结构监测的一个重要问题。纤维光感系统免于电磁干扰,已成功应用于土木工程领域。本文提出基于感应系统的纤维布雷格光栅在预制混凝土箱形铁路桥上的应用。为确定其动态和静态性能,制作20m长足尺预制混凝土箱形铁路桥梁并进行试验。试验程序涉及两个阶段:第一阶段,采用数控试验台确定试验的动力特征,结构外部安装了基于加速器的纤维布雷格光栅:第二阶段涉及度量破坏前的非线性静态性能,沿钢筋长度方向嵌入多维纤维布雷格光栅应变传感器,测量应变波的变化以监测内部应变。对采用多维纤维布雷格光栅应变传感器测量的值与电信号传感器测量的值进行比较,结果表明,纤维布雷格光栅感应系统能提高现代铁路桥结构监测的效率。 相似文献
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光纤光栅传感器以其抗电磁干扰、质轻、耐腐蚀、信噪比高、易组成传感网络等优良的传感特性,成为近年来迅速发展的一种新型智能传感器,在结构试验与工程监测领域中有广阔的应用前景.本文首先介绍了光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器的测试原理以及光纤光栅传感技术在检测细石混凝土结构时采用的埋入工艺,并在上海旗忠网球中心整体静力试验中埋入了光纤光栅传感器,用于对细石混凝土模型受力全过程的应变测试.试验结果表明,光纤光栅传感器测试精度高,稳定性好,便于修复,完全能适用于细石混凝土的结构测试. 相似文献
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《Geotextiles and Geomembranes》2023,51(5):81-92
Road construction in karst areas is a challenging task. Combining the advantages of geosynthetics and fiber Bragg grating (FBG), this paper creatively presents a new type of FBG-3D printed geogrid, which allows reinforcement and accurate deformation monitoring. A series of model tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical and deformation characteristics of the subgrade with underlying karst cave reinforced by FBG-3D printed geogrid. The experimental results indicated that the fully coordinated deformation between FBG sensor and geogrid was successfully achieved by 3D printing technology, and the relationship between fiber wavelength and strain was obtained. The existence of cave had an adverse effect on the subgrade, but the FBG-3D printed geogrids effectively improved the bearing capacity and footing settlement, and the reinforcement effect increased with the decrease of geogrid spacing. In the cyclic loading experiments, the earth pressure inside the subgrade reinforced by geogrid changed as a half-sine wave in each cycle. The FBG sensors accurately measured the strain change inside the subgrade, and the data showed that the deformation of measuring point above the cave model was the largest. The research conclusions provide important basic data for the construction and monitoring of highway and geotechnical engineering projects. 相似文献
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《Geotextiles and Geomembranes》2021,49(6):1539-1549
This study proposed an analytical model to investigate strain transfer mechanism between FBG sensor and measured geogrid. Both geometric and mechanical parameters (bonding length, bonding thickness, bonding width, and Young's modulus) of interaction interface can be taken into account in this model. Both laboratory tensile tests of geogrid and experimental data in published literatures were used to verify the developed model. Validation study shows that the maximum relative error between experimental values and theoretical values is 8.2%, indicating that this theoretical model can be used to reflect geogrid deformation. Parametric study indicates that bonding length, bonding thickness, bonding width, Young's modulus of adhesive layer, and substrate layer have significant influence on strain transfer coefficient. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method was used to analyze influencing sensitivity of different parameters. GRA parameter values of bonding width and length are higher than 0.72, indicating that bonding width and bonding length are relatively dominant factors affecting average strain transfer coefficient in comparison with bonding thickness, Young's moduli of substrate and adhesive layers (their related GRA values are all lower than 0.692). 相似文献
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研究了岩石变形过程光纤光栅传感检测的关键技术及理论,提出了单轴压缩实验中的表面粘贴法。建立了表面粘贴法的应变传递模型,推导并求得了应变传递系数,以此为理论基础进行了MTS的对比实验,测试方向分别沿试件的轴向及环向。结果表明,经应变传递系数换算后,光纤光栅轴向应变与MTS测试结果相一致,相对误差率仅为2.8%;环向测试优于MTS的环向应变计,两种方法的测试结果均优于同位置粘贴的应变片。验证了应变传递模型的正确性,并表明光纤光栅表面粘贴法可以用于岩石的单轴压缩实验中,且与传统测试方法相比具有无可比拟的优越性。这对于提高岩石变形检测水平,实现工程实践中长期有效的在线监测具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Hong-Nan Li Dong-Sheng Li Gang-Bing Song 《钢结构》2008,23(6):92-92
总结了当前土木工程结构健康监测的研究和发展趋势。重点回顾了光纤传感器在各种主要土木结构中的健康监测,包括建筑物、桩、桥、管道、隧道和大坝。描述了光纤传感器的三种用途。最后,讨论了在土木结构健康监测中封装和实现光纤传感器存在的问题和有前途的研究方向。 相似文献
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光纤光栅应变传感器在测量过程中存在温度和应变交叉影响的问题,且温度对应力测量结果影响较大。为获得精确的应力测量结果,必须大幅度减少或消除温度的影响。目前参考光栅法或温度测量系数修正法,难获得理想的结果。文中提出以截面对称的悬臂梁结构作为敏感元件,利用其上下表面拉压异号等应变和温度变化同应变的原理,通过在悬臂梁上下表面对称粘贴两根光纤光栅,利用结果差来消除温度影响,并提高测量灵敏度。文中对此种温度自补偿新型光纤光栅应变传感器的传感性能进行了研究,并将此类传感器安装在拉索的锚具上进行索力测量。研究结果表明:研制的光纤光栅应变传感器,能大幅度降低温度的影响,达到温度自补偿的目的;将此类传感器用于索力测量,具有较高的精度及灵敏度,能满足工程应用的实际需要。 相似文献
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Monitoring of rocks using smart sensors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Y.W. Yang S. Bhalla C. Wang C.K. Soh J. Zhao 《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research》2007,22(2):206-221
This paper examines the feasibility of employing the new generation fibre optic and piezoelectric sensor systems for comprehensive monitoring of rocks, covering load history monitoring/retrieval as well as damage assessment. A detailed experimental study was conducted on the Bukit Timah granite rock samples obtained from a cavern site in Singapore. The rock specimens were subjected to cyclic loading and their conditions were continuously monitored using such smart sensors. Optical fibres with multiplexed fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs), surface bonded on the rock specimens, were used as strain and temperature sensors. Their performance was compared with the conventional electric strain gauges (ESGs). Piezo-electric ceramic patches made up of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) were employed as piezo-impedance transducers for detecting the onset of damages. These typically employed high frequencies of the order of kHz to extract impedance information of the specimens. Typically, the piezo-impedance transducers detected cracks even before they reached macroscopic dimensions. The results of this experimental study demonstrate the superior performance and cost-effectiveness of the new generation smart technologies as compared to the conventional sensor systems for monitoring rock-structures such as caverns and tunnels. 相似文献
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将光纤传感器应用于翼型结构,以此进行翼型结构耐久性的长期监测。耐久性试验包括服务于飞行器寿命设计的失重试验和两周期疲劳荷载试验。7个光纤传感器被安装在试件表面,监测冲击损伤和疲劳荷载对构件的影响。通过传感器输出的光谱变化可以判定出冲击损伤程度。疲劳试验中的应变变化可以通过分析传感器输出的光谱中波长的变化测量出来。试验板的损伤发展过程同样可以通过无损检测技术测量出来(利用声发射传感器,它是一种超声波和脉冲扫描仪)。与无损检测结果相比,光纤传感器可以输出翼型结构完整而又相当重要的监测信息。结果表明,光纤传感器具有对大型混合结构进行长期监测的能力。 相似文献
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《钢结构》2012,(5):79-80
现有铁路线中旧式钢桥所用的是目前已不再使用的材料,常常会出现老化问题,使用中常遇到与设计荷载完全不同的荷载情况。因此,应变监测是保障结构性能和进行安全评估的重要工具。介绍并讨论了安装在Trezói大桥的应变监测装置系统,用该系统评估铁路钢桥结构。采用两种不同的传感器(电子传感器和光纤传感器)进行结构性能的现场观测。所设计的电子监控系统安装在桥梁上,为研究项目提供试验数据,光纤光学显示器系统用于评估系统的可靠性以确保其安全,并对试验点的测量值进行筛选。对结果进行分析,描述桥梁特性和性能,讨论两种传感器在获得桥梁使用情况和疲劳评估相关数据方面的局限性,也即关注其精确采集结构的静态与动态响应及频率的能力。 相似文献
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Peichen Wu Daoyuan Tan Shaoqun Lin Wenbo Chen Jianhua Yin Numan Malik An Li 《岩石力学与岩土工程学报(英文版)》2022,14(4):1064-1076
Hong Kong has a long history of applying masonry retaining walls to provide horizontal platforms and stabilize man-made slopes. Due to the sub-tropical climate, some masonry retaining walls are colonized by trees. Extreme weather, such as typhoons and heavy rains, may cause rupture or root failure of those trees, thus resulting in instability of the retaining walls. A monitoring and warning system for the movement of masonry retaining walls and sway of trees has been designed with the applicatio... 相似文献
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霍林生 《土木建筑工程信息技术》2016,8(5):111-114
土木工程支撑着基础设施及公共和民众住房的建设,土木工程的建设和服役过程中都会产生大数据。如何有效利用这些大数据,为土木工程的学科发展和工程决策提供依据,这是工程师和科学家都在思考的问题。本文从着重针对土木工程中的大数据如何影响结构工程的问题,结构的荷载估算、结构承载能力与破坏准则、震害调查、结构健康监测、云计算等几个方面,提出了几点思考。 相似文献
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首先对桥梁健康监测系统的构成、发展和研究现状进行了回顾和总结,在此基础上指出了目前桥梁健康监测系统研究存在大量监测原始数据的采集和传输缺乏效率、传感器性价比不高、桥梁结构损伤诊断理论方法有待提高等问题,并提出了相应的研究对策,研究结果可对桥梁健康监测系统的进一步完善有所帮助。 相似文献
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桥梁管理局已经认识到,对大型桥梁实行长期结构健康监测的意义在于保证结构和运行安全,发出损坏和老化的早期预警可以避免昂贵的维修甚至灾难性的坍塌。对大型桥梁建立长期监测系统,一方面是在桥梁正常使用期内评估结构完整性、耐久性、可靠性的信息,制定最佳的维护计划,保证安全运行。 相似文献