预应力混凝土箱梁桥底板开裂机理及简化设计方法

针对悬臂施工预应力混凝土箱梁合龙过程中底板开裂问题,本文对其破坏的机理和防治进行研究。以某预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥为例,对该箱梁的施工过程进行模拟,通过考虑材料非线性对底板开裂的过程进行仿真分析,并对底板崩裂的机理进行分析,在此基础上根据规范提出防治措施供设计应用。结果表明,由于合龙束孔道的影响,孔肋为受力最不利区域,在径向力作用下,孔肋的斜裂缝和撕裂裂缝是导致箱梁破坏的主要原因。在今后箱梁设计中,底板横向除应满足抗剪承载力外,孔肋尚需满足最小孔道间距的要求。     

Study on steel box girder bridges partly stiffened by CFT arch ribs

A new type of arch girder bridge, steel box girders partly stiffened by arch ribs, is proposed and the structural characteristic is studied. Arch ribs are concrete filled steel tubes (CFT) which have high resistance against compression and bending. A parametric study is carried out for the arch girder bridge with different ratios of arch span length to arch rise. Bending moment and tensile forces of the girder are largest with the shortest arch span and decrease as the arch span becomes longer. On the other hand bending moments of the girder do not significantly depend on the arch rise. Bending moments and compressive forces of the arch rib have the same tendency as the girder. Safety of the structural members is verified by the limit state design method considering non-linear stress versus strain relations of steel and concrete. Large deformation elastic–plastic analysis is conducted for the basic case of the proposed bridge to clarify the global buckling strength. Three inclined angles of the arch rib plane are assumed as initial imperfections. The larger initial imperfection decreases the lateral torsional buckling strength. Estimated construction cost of the arch girder bridge with steel pipes without concrete filling is 9% higher than that of the basic CFT arch girder case. The pure CFT arch bridge is the most economical and 23% lower than the basic case. However, as the arch rise of this pure arch bridge is higher, its esthetics may be inferior and it also restricts the available aerial space. This study shows that the proposed bridge has sufficient resistance against bending, compression, global buckling and is considered feasible.     

波形钢腹板组合箱梁横向温度应力计算分析

波形钢腹板组合箱梁作为一种新型组合结构,由于其结构的特殊性,在日照温差作用下产生的桥面板横向应力需要进行深入研究与分析。论文基本平面外抗弯刚度相等的原则对波形钢腹板组合箱梁的横向框架计算提出了简化计算模型。依据现有的设计规范,计算了箱梁顶板在温度梯度作用下的温度自应力及次应力,并与同类型的混凝土箱梁进行比较,计算结果表明,波形钢腹板组合箱梁对温度梯度的敏感性较低,对于防止箱梁顶板出现纵向裂缝有一定优势。论文的结论可为波形钢腹板组合箱梁横向设计提供参考。     

分离式箱梁桥横向分布计算方法

根据分离式箱梁桥的诸多优点,结合文献的研究资料,采用Midas2006中板壳单元建立桥梁有限元模型,分析了宽跨比较大时的分离式箱梁桥荷载横向分布特点,并与刚接板梁法作了对比,得出了多肋式分离箱梁横向分布规律。     

Experimental investigation on inelastic behavior of composite box girder under negative moment

The mechanical behavior of negative bending moment zone in composite girder is very complex. The nonlinear characteristics due to the cracking of concrete slab need careful studies. In this experimental research, two specimens of steel-concrete composite box girder with inclined webs under hogging moment were cautiously conducted and tested. The relative slips between the steel and concrete, load-displacement relationship, the strain distribution of the steel girder, the reinforcements and the concrete slab, and the cracking behavior of the concrete slab were measured during the tests. The relatively small slips on the surfaces between the concrete slab and the top flange of the steel girder showed the full shear connection composite behavior of the girders. The initial cracking load was compared with the calculation results from linear analysis and nonlinear analysis based maximum strain. The strain of the steel web measured at different positions along the vertical direction showed the establishment of plane section assumption and the variation of neutral axis in the loading process. Moreover, shear lag effect was found in the strain distribution of the bottom flanges. The strain of concrete slab and the crack spacing showed the effect of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the cracking behavior of the concrete. The maximum crack width was observed in the loading process and compared with the calculation results according the design codes. The influence of reinforcement ratio on the strain of reinforcement and on the load capacity in serviceability limit state was studied in the context and it was found that the reinforcement ratio play an important role on the crack control of composite girder under hogging moment.     

单向预应力UHPC连续箱梁桥面体系优化设计研究

为方便布置体内预应力束和进一步改善桥面板受力状态,对大跨单向预应力UHPC (Ultra-high Performance Concrete)连续箱梁桥的桥面体系进行优化设计,提出新型正交异性UHPC矮肋板桥面体系方案。以广东省某桥为工程背景,进行了基于正交异性UHPC矮肋板桥面体系方案的UHPC箱梁结构试设计并开展相关的试验研究。结果表明：①与矩形桥面板方案相比,优化的正交异性UHPC箱梁矮肋板桥面体系自重可减少17.0%,并可在矮肋板纵肋处方便地布置体内束;与华夫桥面板方案相比,可在不明显增加桥面体系自重的前提下,大幅减小桥面板的纵向应力,降幅可达46.8%;②基于正交异性UHPC矮肋板桥面体系的UHPC箱梁方案试设计整体计算满足受力要求,桥面体系计算中标准组合作用下桥面板最大纵向拉应力2.66MPa,横隔板最大横向应力6.09MPa;③试验及计算结果表明,矮肋板试件初裂名义应力8.84MPa,抗裂设计名义应力限值10.70MPa,UHPC箱梁横隔板上弦板底面横向应力达到8.43MPa时仍处于线弹性受力阶段,表明试设计方案能满足设计要求。     

波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥剪力滞效应研究

波形钢腹板组合箱梁由于其力学性能和经济性能比普通箱梁优越而正被广泛地使用,本文介绍了计算波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥剪力滞系数的能量变分法,用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行了波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥的建模,并采用能量变分法的结果加以验证。结果表明采用有限元法模拟波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥的剪力滞效应效果较好,分析了波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥横桥向和纵桥向剪力滞系数的变化规律。     

Bending strength of concrete-filled narrow-width steel box girder

A new type of partially concrete filled steel box girder is proposed. The distance between the two webs is narrower than that of a conventional steel box girder, and concrete is filled inside the box girder at the intermediate supports of the continuous girder. Static bending loading tests were conducted with these new type girders, showing that the ultimate bending strength of the concrete filled steel box girder model was 40% larger than that of the steel box girder model. The ductility also increased about 8 times. The tests with the half concrete filled steel box girder model showed that the ultimate bending strength was 25% larger than the steel box girder model and the ductility was about 6.5 times larger. The half concrete filled steel box girder model without vertical stiffeners had the same ultimate bending strength of that of the girder with vertical stiffeners but the ductility was about half. The simple calculation method was developed using fibre models. The calculated results agreed with the test results and the calculation method has been verified.     

某大跨波形钢腹板PC箱梁桥活载空间效应研究

通过Abaqus软件建立某大跨波形钢腹板PC箱梁桥的三维空间有限元模型,采用自编的用户子程序,对其在汽车活载作用下的空间效应进行研究,得到其顶、底板正应力,腹板剪应力的全桥偏载系数、设计效应,有关计算方法及研究结果可供设计人员参考。     

Study on the mechanical performance of Butterfly Arch Bridge

This paper presents issues in the design concept, analysis and test results of a single span special‐shaped arch bridge—the Butterfly Arch Bridge located in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. The bridge is composed of ribs of tow slope steel arch, steel box girder of bridge deck curves and inclined boom. It is a special‐shape bridge of spatial girder and arch combination. This paper discusses the experimental study and the finite element simulation analysis for the main components of the bridge. Emphasis will be put on the following three aspects: First, model design adopts the similarity principle of the stress and stiffness. The stress similarity was considered first when the two principles are in conflict. Second, the finite element model of the bridge should adopt a composite element according to the different structural members of the bridge. Third, the weight of the two arch ribs and all dead loads of the main girder, in addition to part of the live loads, must be in a balanced condition. Furthermore, based on results from tests and simulation analysis, the following four key issues were studied: (a) theory of the bridge calculation; (b) behaviour of the bridge spatial mechanics; (c) the dynamic behaviour of the bridge; and (d) stiffness relation between the two arch ribs, steel box beam and end cross beam. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混凝土连续刚构桥温度作用有限元分析

本文通过建立混凝土连续刚构桥有限元模型,结合工程实例,分析了不同温度梯度模式下温度对成桥阶段受力的影响。研究结果表明:成桥后梯度升温在主梁下缘引起较大的拉升,它与混凝土张拉预应力筋引起的二次应力相组合,将产生较大的拉应力,降低主梁截面的抗裂性能,增大预应力的应力损失计算结果显示,按照我国公路桥梁规范(JTJ023-85)建立的温度梯度模型所引起的连续刚构桥的应力及位移值与实测值相比均偏小,这就预示着按照JTJ023-85设计施工的混凝土连续刚构桥,由于设计时对日照温差的影响考虑不足可能造成运营时出现实际应力过大而引起混凝土箱梁开裂或跨中下挠过大的问题。研究结果为预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的设计及优化提供了一定的参考依据。     

装配式小箱梁桥荷载横向分布系数探究

以某装配式小箱梁桥为例,采用空间有限元法计算荷载横向分布系数,并与常用的近似计算方法的理论计算数据、实验实测数据进行了对比。结果表明,简支装配式小箱梁桥跨中荷载横向分布系数采用刚接板梁法与空间有限元法及实测挠度、主梁应力得到的横向分布系数较为接近,适用于小箱梁结构设计;先简支后连续装配式小箱梁桥跨中荷载横向分布系数采用等代刚度法与空间有限元法及实测挠度、主梁应力得到的横向分布系数更为接近;杠杆法计算的支点剪力荷载横向分布系数对以上2种结构体系均适用。     

大跨变截面波形钢腹板箱梁横向受力分析

为研究大跨变截面波形钢腹板预应力混凝土（PC）组合箱梁顶板在车轮局部荷载作用下的横向受力问题,结合2座桥例,分别建立全桥实体有限元模型;选择纵向3个典型截面,建立与之匹配和考虑有效分布宽度的平面框架模型;依据实体模型中顶板控制截面的横向应力影响线进行空间实体模型和平面框架模型的横向最不利加载,获得控制截面的最大横向拉应力及其沿纵向的变化规律,并对比了2种模型的计算结果。结果表明:对于顶板悬臂根部截面和腹板内侧截面,框架法与实体有限元法计算结果吻合良好;对于顶板跨中截面,腹板间距较大时,框架法的计算值偏于保守,设计中需对框架法的计算值进行适当折减;随着加载位置由跨中向支点移动,顶板跨中截面的横向应力峰值逐渐减小,悬臂根部截面和腹板内侧截面的横向应力峰值有增大趋势;有无横隔板对桥面板的横向受力影响很小,顶板跨中截面的横向应力值随波形钢腹板线刚度的增加线性减小。     

波形钢腹板组合槽型梁静载试验与有效预应力分析

波形钢腹板组合槽型梁是一种新型下承式开口薄壁桥梁结构,对4片按照1/4相似比进行设计的试验梁进行两点对称加载和有限元分析,研究两组试验梁在对称荷载作用下的荷载位移关系、截面应变分布、裂缝发展规律和破坏形态等,分析张拉预应力和释放预弯力后试验梁底板混凝土的有效预压应力。研究表明：竖向荷载作用下试验梁符合平截面变形规律,应忽略波形钢腹板对抗弯刚度的贡献和底板混凝土对抗弯承载力的抵抗作用;试验梁混凝土受压区受限于上翼缘板,其应变分布为梯形而非常规的三角形分布;下承式槽型截面的中性轴偏低,波形钢腹板预弯钢梁反弹能够有效地对混凝土施加预压应力;采用波形钢腹板能有效提高槽型梁的预应力施加效率,文中建议的波形钢腹板组合梁预应力等效荷载法,能准确计算此类结构的混凝土有效预压应力;两组试验梁由于配筋量的不同分别发生塑性和脆性弯曲破坏;波形钢腹板组合槽型梁的自重轻、抗弯刚度较大、具有较好的延性和抗裂性能。     

考虑滑移和剪切变形的单箱双室组合箱梁剪力滞效应

为准确分析单箱双室组合箱梁的剪力滞效应,考虑钢混凝土的界面滑移效应和钢腹板的剪切变形,针对顶底板和翼板定义不同的剪力滞翘曲位移函数,基于能量变分法推导出单箱双室组合箱梁剪滞效应的控制微分方程及其闭合解。以单箱双室组合箱梁算例为基础,利用该方法分析其剪力滞效应的规律,结果表明:在同时考虑滑移和剪切变形时,组合箱梁的挠度比初等梁理论解大,且其挠度随界面滑移刚度的增大而减小;组合箱梁在均布荷载作用下,滑移量与荷载值近似成正比关系;在相同条件下,钢箱梁底板的剪力滞效应较混凝土顶板显著。     

Experimental and analytical studies on a streamlined steel box girder

A new type of streamlined girder (lenticular cross-section) bridge with a thin-walled steel box girder is proposed. In order to deal with the problem of increasing traffic congestion, this bridge is designed with a large width-to-span ratio, which results in significant shear lag effects and causes non-uniform stress distribution in the three-cell thin-walled box girder, especially along the flanges of the girder. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of shear lag in thin-walled box girder bridges with large width-to-span ratios through both experimental and numerical studies. A large-scale Plexiglas model is tested under different loading cases. The material parameters are obtained from physical characteristics tests and tensile tests. In addition, a computational model is presented for a comprehensive simulation of a girder bridge including the orthotropic top/bottom/web plates and their ribs, which leads to accurate modeling of structural properties of the girder. The simulation of the computation results compared well with the experimental results. It is illustrated that the finite element analysis is an effective method to predict properties of this class of bridges.     

Experimental and Numerical Study on Buckling Behavior of a Rigidly Stiffened Plate with Tee Ribs

In the bridge structures, stiffened plates are usually designed as rigidly stiffened when the orthotropic steel box girder is used as the main load-bearing structure. Therefore, the buckling mode of stiffened plates is plate buckling which occurs in subpanel supported by stiffeners. The orthotropic steel box girder is used as the main girder for Egongyan Rail Special Bridge, which is a self-anchored suspension bridge. Plates of the steel girder are rigidly stiffened with unequal spacing open ribs, and the most slender stiffened plate is the mid web stiffened with Tee ribs. In order to ensure the safety of the bridge, the buckling behavior of the web and orthotropic steel box girder under axial compression, including ultimate strength, post-buckling behavior and failure modes, should be clearly investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The design, loading and testing methods of the 1:4 scale model of the orthotropic steel box girder are introduced in detail firstly. The orthotropic steel box girder and the stiffened web finite element (FE) models are validated by the test results, and the effects of residual stress and the magnitude of geometric imperfections are discussed roughly. Based on the validated web FE model, a detailed parametric study is performed to systematically investigate the effects of residual stress and geometric imperfections on buckling behavior of the web. The effect of shapes of geometric imperfections discussed is highlighted. Through tracing stress states, the failure modes of stiffened plate are in agreement with the experimental phenomenon to some extent. Results show that shapes of geometric imperfections have significantly influenced post-buckling behavior and failure modes of the web, but slightly affected the ultimate strength. It is advised that residual stress and geometric imperfections should be controlled to make full use of excellent performance of steel materials.     

弧形底宽箱梁节段日照温差的试验研究

通过试验与理论分析研究了日照下弧形底宽箱梁节段的温度梯度和温度位移。结果表明 ,当顶板顶与底板底的温差不大时 ,温差主要集中在距桥面 0 .5m范围内且呈线性分布 ;节段横桥向两端会发生下挠变形 ,日照强烈时下挠可达 2mm左右 ;提出的简化方法对于日照下节段的温度位移计算是可行的     

Static analysis of cable-stayed bridge with CFT arch ribs

A new type of cable supported bridge, cable-stayed CFT arch bridge, was proposed and its static strength was studied in this paper. Arch ribs consist of concrete filled steel tubes (CFT). CFTs have high resistance against bending moments and compressive axial forces and are ideal as arch ribs. A cable-stayed CFT arch bridge with a main-span of 300 m was designed and the safety of its structural members was checked by the limit state design method. Large deformation analysis was used to obtain sectional forces. The CFT arch ribs and the steel box girders and towers of the designed bridge satisfied the required safety criteria for ultimate design loads. The applied loads were further increased until the bridge collapsed when the arch ribs buckled. The amount of steel required for the cable-stayed CFT arch bridge was significantly lower than that for the cable-stayed bridge. It has been found that the proposed cable-stayed CFT arch bridge is feasible and potentially economical.     

单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变分析及试验研究

为研究单箱三室波形钢腹板箱梁悬臂状态下的扭转与畸变性能,以乌曼斯基第二理论和箱梁理论为基础,考虑了波形钢腹板的褶皱效应对箱梁纵向刚度的影响,推导了单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变微分方程,并采用初参数法及弹性地基梁比拟法求解了约束扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力和剪应力计算式。通过1片单箱三室波形钢腹板双悬臂梁进行了偏载和对称加载试验,验证了扭转与畸变翘曲应力计算公式的正确性。最后,利用推导的理论模型,分析了梁高、箱室宽度及波形钢腹板厚度等参数对偏载作用下单箱三室波形钢腹板组合箱梁截面翘曲应力的影响。研究结果表明:提出的理论计算公式可用于准确计算单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变效应;悬臂梁翘曲正应力主要由畸变变形引起,而约束扭转主要产生翘曲剪应力,且悬臂梁扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力值和剪应力值与弯曲正应力和剪应力的比值较大,因此,单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂状态下扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力和剪应力不可忽略;梁高和箱室宽度对单箱三室波形钢腹板的翘曲应力影响较为显著,波形钢腹板厚度对其几乎没影响。