Modeling short-term tension stiffening in reinforced concrete prisms using a continuum-based finite element model

Tension stiffening is most often included in models of reinforced concrete by modifying the constitutive laws of the tensile concrete. In reality, tension stiffening is caused by the bond stress that develops at the steel–concrete interface between the primary cracks. In this paper, a modified CEB–FIP bond model is incorporated into a non-linear finite element program to accurately model tension stiffening at the serviceability limit states. The bond–slip relationship at any point along the reinforcement bar is modified to account for the local damage of the surrounding concrete, as well as the level of steel stress. A non-local analysis is undertaken to adjust the constitutive law of the bond interface element at each load step. The proposed model is shown to accurately predict the crack spacing, stresses and deformation in axially loaded tension members at typical in-service load levels.     

受栓钉强度控制的钢板-混凝土界面黏结滑移性能试验与本构模型

以预应力型钢-混凝土界面为研究对象,旨在建立钢板-混凝土栓钉连接界面黏结滑移的本构关系。研究以混凝土强度、栓钉数量及法向压应力为变量,采用正交试验法对18个钢板-混凝土界面试件进行剪切试验。试验界面取为原型界面足够小的单元,使其能代表该单元内一点处的性能,从而探讨一点处的黏结滑移性能,并得到一点处的黏结应力-滑移关系曲线。结果表明：试验后期均发生栓钉剪断造成黏结应力骤降的破坏。混凝土强度和法向压应力的增加对界面的屈服、峰值和残余黏结应力均有提高作用;栓钉含量对界面的屈服及残余黏结应力影响不大,但可提高界面的峰值黏结应力,还可增大峰值黏结应力点的滑移及残余段初始滑移,提高延性。基于试验结果分别建立了无栓钉、含单栓钉和含双栓钉的钢板-混凝土界面黏结滑移本构模型,统计回归了模型中特征点的应力及滑移等参数的算式。所提模型与试验结果吻合良好,达到了在黏结滑移本构关系中考虑栓钉影响的目的。     

钢-混组合连续梁桥墩顶应力计算研究

基于有限元分析,对某4跨钢-混组合连续梁桥进行混凝土面板与钢梁的3个不同建模形式进行分析,对比规范要求的不同建模形式下墩顶负弯矩区混凝土面板钢筋应力与钢梁应力的变化关系.研究结果表明:将开裂区钢筋等效为混凝土,与钢梁形成组合截面的建模形式计算得到的钢筋换算应力与钢梁应力均适中,所以推荐采用该种建模方式进行计算;此外在偏...     

型钢高强混凝土界面黏结滑移推出试验及其本构关系研究

为研究型钢高强混凝土界面黏结性能,对9个型钢高强混凝土试件进行推出试验,分别考虑混凝土强度、配箍率、保护层厚度和型钢锚固长度对型钢高强混凝土界面黏结性能的影响。观察试件的加载过程和裂缝发展形态,分析了试件破坏形态,得到试件加载端荷载-滑移曲线。通过分析沿型钢锚固方向应变和界面黏结应力的分布规律,运用灰色关联理论建立了黏结应力计算式,并推导出荷载-滑移曲线关系表达式。讨论了影响界面滑移损伤变量的关系。结果表明：各试件加载端荷载-滑移曲线走势基本相同;灰色关联理论能够较好地反映黏结应力与各影响因素之间的关系,其中保护层厚度与黏结应力相关性最好;推导的黏结应力算式的计算精度能达到98%;提出的黏结应力-滑移的本构关系数学表达式拟合度较好;界面损伤发展程度与各影响因素关系紧密。     

角钢混凝土黏结滑移性能试验与数值模拟

为研究角钢混凝土界面黏结性能,以黏结长度、保护层厚度、混凝土强度为变化参数,设计了9个角钢混凝土试件。获取了加载端的荷载-滑移曲线,分析了各参数对极限黏结强度的影响; 提出了黏结界面极限黏结强度计算公式并与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好; 基于界面库仑摩擦准则和重启动分析技术建立了精细化有限元模型,实现了对黏结界面逐步剥离过程的准确模拟。基于研究参数提出了传递长度的计算公式,并与数值模拟进行了对比,证明了该公式的适用性。结果表明:角钢的肢尖具有强烈的致裂作用,推出过程中裂缝的发展将显著降低黏结强度; 极限黏结强度随混凝土强度提高和保护层厚度的增大而提高,但随黏结长度的增大近似呈线性降低趋势; 加载端荷载-滑移曲线包括化学胶结段、上升段、下降段和残余段4个阶段,各阶段界面黏结机理和黏结应力的组成均不相同; 黏结界面的破损从加载端向自由端逐步扩展,扩散过程中黏结应力的传递长度保持不变。     

考虑界面效应的内张钢圈加固盾构管片结构力学性能研究

针对内张钢圈加固后的盾构管片结构,现有研究中多基于理想界面假设,忽略了钢-混凝土连接界面非连续变形特性,无法对结构的承载性能和破坏机制做出精细分析.将内聚力模型与扩展有限元方法相结合,考虑了加固结构连接界面的非连续变形特性,建立了可精确描述裂缝扩展过程的内张钢圈加固结构三维实体非线性模型,并利用足尺试验结果验证了计算的...     

考虑栓钉滑移效应及钢筋作用的组合梁受力分析

为研究钢-混凝土组合梁在静载作用下的力学性能,建立一个考虑栓钉滑移及钢筋作用的有限元分析模型;结合算例对开/闭口组合梁的抗弯性能,裂缝发展趋势及分布特征进行比较,混凝土及钢梁的应力-应变关系曲线计算结果与输入曲线吻合良好。     

界面状态对矩形钢管混凝土构件抗弯性能的影响

考虑钢-混凝土界面完全粘结和自由滑移2种极限状态,研究矩形钢管混凝土构件受弯过程的截面中和轴平移规律,并基于平截面假定,分别给出2种界面状态下构件抗弯承载力、抗弯刚度的理论计算方法。同时,针对钢管与核心混凝土界面平均粘结强度,分析抗弯构件在界面脱粘时的有效受压区高度。研究结果表明:矩形钢管混凝土的界面脱粘导致核心混凝土的抗弯承载力过早失效,构件的整体抗弯刚度和承载力降低;高宽比越大,钢管混凝土梁的整体钢管与混凝土之间的界面状态性能对构件抗弯承载力的影响越明显;实际中核心混凝土在未达到极限受压强度前与钢管发生脱粘,为充分利用核心混凝土的材料强度,应对矩形钢管混凝土的界面粘结进行构造加强。     

钢-混凝土组合梁的收缩徐变效应分析

混凝土的自身收缩会在钢-混凝土组合梁中产生应力重分布,在收缩徐变的长期作用下混凝土梁可能会产生收缩裂缝。对于按无支撑法施工的钢-混凝土梁,采用弹性理论推导了混凝土梁的纵向拉应力和钢、混凝土之间的剪应力计算公式,并结合错位法分析了剪应力公式中的均剪弹性系数Ct,进而确定了剪应力值。算例分析结果表明,推导出的混凝土梁纵向拉应力和剪应力公式可以为混凝土梁的抗收缩和钢、混凝土之间的抗剪设计提供参考。     

高温后钢筋-混凝土界面黏结性能分析

基于均匀分布压力作用的厚壁圆筒模型,将钢筋混凝土拉拔试件变形钢筋周围的受高温损伤混凝土保护层按应力状态分为内外两部分,对内层开裂混凝土认为其产生弥散裂缝,并考虑其抗拉软化特性,同时引入高温后混凝土弹性模量、抗拉强度、断裂能的劣化,通过对受高温损伤钢筋-混凝土间黏结破坏时的极限状态进行理论分析,推导得出高温后钢筋-混凝土界面黏结强度的计算方法,建立了与钢筋、混凝土的尺寸、材性相关的高温后钢筋-混凝土界面黏结强度模型。基于混凝土开裂半径与端部滑移之间的线性关系,建立了高温后界面黏结应力-端部滑移关系。对模型计算结果与已有高温后钢筋与混凝土黏结性能试验所得数据进行比较,共对比了118组黏结强度、15组黏结应力-端部滑移关系。结果表明:该理论分析模型具有很高的准确性,可广泛适用于不同参数拉拔试验的高温后界面黏结强度的分析与预测。     

Experimental investigation on inelastic behavior of composite box girder under negative moment

The mechanical behavior of negative bending moment zone in composite girder is very complex. The nonlinear characteristics due to the cracking of concrete slab need careful studies. In this experimental research, two specimens of steel-concrete composite box girder with inclined webs under hogging moment were cautiously conducted and tested. The relative slips between the steel and concrete, load-displacement relationship, the strain distribution of the steel girder, the reinforcements and the concrete slab, and the cracking behavior of the concrete slab were measured during the tests. The relatively small slips on the surfaces between the concrete slab and the top flange of the steel girder showed the full shear connection composite behavior of the girders. The initial cracking load was compared with the calculation results from linear analysis and nonlinear analysis based maximum strain. The strain of the steel web measured at different positions along the vertical direction showed the establishment of plane section assumption and the variation of neutral axis in the loading process. Moreover, shear lag effect was found in the strain distribution of the bottom flanges. The strain of concrete slab and the crack spacing showed the effect of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the cracking behavior of the concrete. The maximum crack width was observed in the loading process and compared with the calculation results according the design codes. The influence of reinforcement ratio on the strain of reinforcement and on the load capacity in serviceability limit state was studied in the context and it was found that the reinforcement ratio play an important role on the crack control of composite girder under hogging moment.     

负弯矩作用下钢-混组合梁的疲劳试验

介绍了钢-混组合梁在负弯矩作用下的疲劳性能。在两个钢-混组合梁结构上分别进行循环荷载下的疲劳试验,并只局限于初始开裂和稳定开裂。试验结果表明,循环荷载与初始荷载相等时,疲劳试验对梁刚度与裂缝形态的影响有限。然而,当循环荷载与稳定开裂荷载相等时,在初始静态试验时产生了大量的残余应力,造成了破裂,且梁的刚度减小而荷载周期增加。中期的静态试验证实了栓钉与周围混凝土的连接失效,栓钉的承载力随着荷载周期的增加而减小。此外,对经过疲劳测试的样本与未经过疲劳测试的样本进行最终的静态测试发现,循环荷载大于初裂荷载时,疲劳试验会降低梁的刚度及极限承载力。     

Experimental study and numerical analysis on mechanical behavior of T-shape stiffened orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge decks

A new-type of orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge deck system was developed, by casting the concrete overlay on the top of the orthotropic steel deck ribbed with T-shape steel members. To study its mechanical behavior (in terms of failure mode, load-deflection relationship, concrete crack initiation and propagation, strength, stiffness and so on), two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge decks with different section dimensions were experimentally investigated and two reference decks (reinforced concrete deck and orthotropic steel deck) were also involved in the research for comparison. For the two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite decks, the average value of ultimate loads per width is 885.7kN, which is 2.35 and 1.61 times of that of the concrete and steel reference decks with almost the same section height. Experimental results proved that the composite deck can effectively control the crack initiation and propagation in the concrete and postpone the yielding of the steel bars and steel plates, due to the composite action between the concrete overlay and the underlying steel plate. Furthermore, the Finite Element (FE) model of the orthotropic steel-concrete composite deck was developed and validated by test results. A parametric study is conducted regarding to the stiffness of shear studs. With the validated FE model, stress distribution in the underlying steel plate and T-shape stiffeners and development of concrete cracking in the concrete overlay were characterized at different load levels.     

装配整体梁板设计方法的试验研究

本文通过系统试验,较全面地研究了钢筋混凝土迭合梁和预应力混凝土迭合梁板在二次受力下的正截面受力性能及迭合面的抗剪性能,证实迭合梁板在二次受力情况下,与相应整浇梁对比,受压区混凝土应变存在“迟后现象”;受拉钢筋应力存在“超前现象”。同时进一步分析研究了迭合梁在迭合前弯矩作用下所产生的“荷载预应力”和它的发生、发展过程与计算方法。在试验研究的基础上,提出了考虑上述特点的迭合梁板正截面强度、抗裂度、挠度及迭合面抗剪等的计算公式和有关构造措施。     

锈胀开裂后钢筋混凝土粘结滑移本构关系研究

采用外加电流加速钢筋锈蚀的方法,控制试件表面不同锈胀裂缝宽度.在钢筋开槽、内贴应变片的半梁式粘结试验的基础上,根据实测结果和理论分析,获得不同试件锚固长度内粘结应力及钢筋混凝土相对滑移的分布规律,推导出τ-s关系沿锚固长度的变化规律,从而提出了不同锈胀程度下,反映这种变化规律的位置函数ψ(x),建立考虑锚固位置影响的锈后钢筋混凝土粘结滑移本构关系,为锈后钢筋混凝土构件的有限元分析计算提供依据.     

模拟严重锈蚀钢筋的混凝土梁试验与钢筋应力分析

锈蚀引起的粘结性能退化导致钢筋与混凝土之间的协同工作性能降低,跨中的钢筋应变较混凝土应变滞后,当构件严重锈蚀时,钢筋与混凝土间的粘结力基本丧失,可能在钢筋达到屈服应变前受压区混凝土先行压坏,形成粘结失效超筋梁。通过严重锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的模拟试验和有限元分析,研究在完全无粘结的极限情况下影响钢筋应力水平的因素及其影响规律,并建立了无粘结状态混凝土梁受拉钢筋应力与配筋指标的关系,为严重锈蚀混凝土构件的承载力计算提供依据,同时也为研究一般锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的性能退化机理与承载力计算方法奠定基础。     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙轴拉试验和轴拉刚度理论分析

文章完成截面纵筋率为17%、25%的钢筋混凝土剪力墙轴拉试验。试验结果表明：剪力墙轴拉刚度在混凝土开裂前由钢筋和混凝土共同提供,并随轴拉力的增加逐渐下降;在混凝土开裂时轴拉刚度迅速下降;在开裂后混凝土退出工作,轴拉刚度逐渐趋于截面纵筋刚度。基于试验结果,完成剪力墙的轴拉受力特性和刚度变化特征的理论分析,提出能够描述钢筋混凝土剪力墙轴拉刚度变化特征的二阶段计算方法：在混凝土开裂前及开裂时根据混凝土本构模型获得的受拉弹性模量进行计算,在开裂后则引入纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数进行计算。由此得到的理论值与试验结果更为吻合,更能反映剪力墙在轴拉阶段的受力和刚度变化特征。     

Bond behavior of H-shaped steel embedded in recycled aggregate concrete under push-out loads

Twenty two push-out tests were carried out in order to investigate the bond behavior between H-shaped steel and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Eleven kinds of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios (i.e., 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%) were designed in the test, and considering different categories of bond position of H-shaped steel, concrete protective cover thickness, stirrup reinforcement ratio, source and size of RCA were also selected. The load-slip curves at the loading end and free end were obtained; in addition, the distribution of H-shaped steel strain and the bond stress along the embedded length were analyzed. The bond strength in this investigation is related to the RAC cube compressive strength, and as a result, the interface bonding increases with RCA replacement ratio increasing. The bond strengths between different parts of H-shaped steel and RAC can be disparate: (1) the largest bond stress is located at the inside interface of the flange of H-shaped steel; (2) the second one is on the outside interface of the flange of H-shaped steel; (3) the bond stress between web of H-shaped steel and recycled coarse aggregate concrete is the smallest. What’s more, it was found that the ultimate and residual bond stresses can be enlarged due to the stronger grip action with increasing of concrete protective cover thickness and larger constrained effect with expanding the stirrup reinforcement ratio. The RCA serving age has a negative effect on the bonding performance, and when the size of RCA reduces, the ultimate bond strength decreases accordingly. Finally, four calculation models applied to predict the bond strength for all the specimens and the component of bond stress between shape steel and RAC is derived through the law of periodic transmission.     

Shear behavior of partially encased steel-concrete composite specimens under tension

为了研究型钢与部分外包混凝土的在拉力作用下的纵向剪力传递性能,对6个部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件进行了轴拉试验,对其破坏形态和荷载-滑移曲线进行了分析。试验中主要考虑了型钢与腹部混凝土的黏结长度、混凝土强度、栓钉连接件数量等影响因素。研究结果表明：部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件破坏形态主要表现为黏结破坏、混凝土压碎和栓钉剪断;轴拉试验和推出试验中无栓钉连接的部分外包型钢混凝土组合构件的黏结力均随着型钢与混凝土间的黏结长度的增加而增大;对于无栓钉和有栓钉组试件,轴拉试验和推出试验中型钢与混凝土间的受剪承载力均随着混凝土抗拉强度的增加而增大,且近似成线性关系;部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件的受剪承载力随栓钉数量的增加而增大;相较无栓钉组试件,采用2根栓钉连接和4根栓钉连接的轴拉试件,其受剪承载力分别可提高近100%和250%。     

基于虚拟元-有限元耦合的隧道内道床干缩裂缝细观研究

为解释道床与盾构隧道管片产生脱空的现象,研究新混凝土在浇筑后由干燥收缩产生的裂缝机理。基于虚拟元推导任意多边形骨料的刚度矩阵格式,利用UEL子程序实现有限元与虚拟元的耦合计算,纯弯梁数值试验结果表明耦合法较有限元法计算效率明显提升,且具有较好的稳定性。在此基础上,建立细观尺度下新老混凝土的干缩数值模型,并通过圆盘干缩模型验证了模型参数。研究骨料和砂浆的应力分布、内部湿度与裂缝发展的对应关系以及新老混凝土表面和界面的应力发展。结果表明：①收缩过程中,骨料主要承受压应力作用,砂浆沿骨料边界的切线方向受骨料约束作用易形成收缩裂缝,在新混凝土表面首先出现大量微小裂缝,随后界面两端发生剥离; ②受表面下骨料的约束作用,新混凝土表面拉应力呈现“驼峰”分布。开裂后表面被划分为多个收缩区,收缩区边界受拉应力,内部受压应力;③界面的拉伸和剪切应力由两侧开始增加,并且随着界面剥离的增加不断内移。在界面内部未剥离区域内存在由界面附近骨料约束导致的局部压应力和剪切应力增大。