复合絮凝剂PAC-CTS的制备及其絮凝性能研究

本研究制备了复合絮凝剂聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖(PAC-CTS),并用其对模拟染料和合成废水进行了絮凝研究.絮凝剂在曙红染料和湖蓝染料的最佳投放量分别为40.0mg/L和30.0mg/L,经过对比确定了絮凝剂的碱化度为2.0,C值为1/10时,其絮凝效果是最好的,脱色率和COD均高达99％以上.在对金属废水的絮凝中,固定的p...     

Cu2O／超微孔聚氨酯复合材料处理模拟染料废水试验

以超微孔聚氨酯复合材料为载体,用液相合成法制备Cu2O／超微7L聚氨酯纳米复合材料,并以吸附降解结晶紫的效果,探讨该催化剂光催化氧化性能。试验结果表明：当模拟结晶紫染料废水的初始质量浓度为150mg／L,初始pH值为6．0,反应时间为45min,催化剂投加量为9．0g／L时．对模拟染料废水中结晶紫的去除率可达88．96％。十次重复使用后的复合材料对结晶紫的去除率仍可达75％以上。     

B、N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2光催化降解染料废水研究

采用B、N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2降解酸性蓝BRL、活性金黄K-2RA、弱酸性黑RB和酸性大红GR 4种染料废水,考察了催化剂用量、染料初始浓度、光照时间和pH值等对其降解率的影响。结果表明:B、N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2除了能使染料快速褪色外,还能将其完全矿化为CO_2,SO_4~(2-)和NH~+_4等离子。酸性大红GR染料和酸性蓝BRL在pH=5、催化剂用量50mg、初始浓度50mg/L、光照180min时降解率分别为98%和94.2%。pH=1、催化剂用量50mg、初始浓度40mg/L、光照时间180min时,活性金黄K-2RA的降解率达94.5%。弱酸性黑RB在pH=2、催化剂用量60mg、初始浓度20mg/L、光照时间210min时,降解率达到最大,为92.6%。     

壳聚糖絮凝-超滤法去除水中微量砷

用壳聚糖作除砷絮凝剂,用絮凝-超滤集成工艺脱除水中微量砷.研究了絮凝和超滤过程中影响砷去除率的多种因素,结果表明,pH为4.6、壳聚糖浓度为0.36 g/L、搅拌功率为8.11×10-2W和沉淀时间为40 min时絮凝效果最佳.超滤操作的压力、膜面流速变化对砷去除率没有明显影响;温度升高,砷去除率有下降趋势.模拟含砷水中,As(Ⅲ)和A5(Ⅴ)含量均约为0.1 mg/L,经过絮凝-超滤后,As(Ⅲ)在水中含量降至0.02 mg/L左右,去除率达到80%;As(V)在水中含量降到0.01 mg/L以内,去除率达到90%以上.还研究了超滤膜的污染情况,探索了清洗超滤膜的方法,结果表明,酸清洗效果较好,可使膜通量恢复达72%以上.     

纳米纤维对空气中可挥发性有机污染物富集条件的优化及应用

大气吸附管填料的使用直接影响气体分析结果的准确性。为了探讨纳米纤维作为一种新型吸附管填料对大气中可挥发性有机物富集的优劣势,本研究制作了一种以纳米纤维为填料的挥发性有机物富集小柱,对纳米纤维的种类进行了选择,并对最佳填装质量、采样流速,以及可采集的污染物浓度范围进行了实验探讨,最后进行了实际样品的富集实验。研究表明,利用带羧基的聚苯乙烯纳米纤维进行挥发性有机物富集效果较好,可富集的有机物浓度范围为0~2mg/m3(每种物质)。其最合理的工作条件为:填装20mg纳米纤维制作成富集小柱,在流量为0.1mL/min时可满足富集要求。纳米纤维在富集实际大气中的初步实验,证明其在该领域的潜在应用价值。     

组合技术处理丁苯橡胶废水研究

采用絮凝沉降-芬顿试剂氧化-中和沉降-生化组合技术对丁苯橡胶废水进行了达标处理研究,重点考察了经过絮凝沉降处理后的丁苯橡胶废水用芬顿试剂处理的反应条件。结果显示,丁苯橡胶废水用150mg/L聚合氯化铝及2mg/L的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝沉降处理后,废水COD去除率为20.1%;芬顿试剂氧化絮凝沉降后的丁苯橡胶废水的最佳条件为pH 3.5,FeSO4·7H2O 3g/L,H2O2 3g/L,1.5h,30℃,反应后的氧化液用氢氧化钙中和沉降处理,芬顿试剂氧化阶段的COD去除率为74.5%;丁苯橡胶废水经絮凝沉降-芬顿试剂氧化-中和沉降处理后,COD去除率为79.6%,TP去除率在98%以上,该水再经过生化处理后,达到排放要求:COD≤50mg/L,TP≤0.5mg/L,NH4-N≤5mg/L。     

二甲基烯丙基木质素季铵盐的制备及絮凝性能

以造纸黑液中的木质素为原料,通过交联反应,合成了二甲基烯丙基木质素季铵盐(DL)絮凝剂。采用FT-IR、SEM等对其进行表征,并以对酸性黑ATT的絮凝性能作为指标,通过单因素实验得出最佳合成条件。在模拟染料的条件下,测定了木质素二甲基烯丙基季铵盐对酸性黑ATT的絮凝性能,最佳温度为30℃;在pH值=1.5的条件下,酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色率对应的浓度为3.75g/L,最佳条件下测得最大脱色率为80.06%。该改性天然高分子是一种性能良好的染料废水的絮凝剂。     

纳米MnO2/羧甲基纤维素复合膜制备及光催化降解罗丹明B性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合流延包覆方法制备纳米二氧化锰(MnO_2)/羧甲基纤维素(CMC)复合膜(纳米MnO_2/CMC复合膜),并对样品进行测试,复合膜催化剂呈MnO_2颗粒状自然堆积,颗粒间无团聚,表面光滑,纳米直径20nm±5nm,是高量子活性纳米MnO_2,MnO_2的含量为28.6%(wt,质量分数)。纳米MnO_2/CMC复合膜具有聚合物CMC的强溶胀吸附性和纳米MnO_2光催化活性,对催化降解罗丹明B印染废水效果明显。研究结果表明,在温度为20℃,pH=4.0,罗丹明B溶液浓度为100mg/L,复合膜用量为0.75g/L条件下,罗丹明B溶液的降解率达86.6%,吸附容量为8.09mg/g,处理后废水中的罗丹明B含量低于0.1mg/L,达到染料废水排入城镇下水道水质标准。     

复合絮凝剂PAC-CTS处理废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)

采用自制的复合絮凝剂聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖(PAC-CTS),在不同实验条件(Cr6+初始浓度及药剂投入量、T、t)下,以PAC-CTS(B=2.0,C=1/10,η=800mpa.s)对Cr6+拟废水做去除试验。最后得出处理含Cr6+六价铬废水的最佳条件:复合絮凝剂PAC-CTS在pH=8,初始Cr6+浓度50mg/L,投入量为120mg/L,室温反应90min的条件下,其Cr6+去除率可达到95%以上。     

掺杂氯化锂的聚氨酯超细纳米纤维的制备及其空气过滤应用

本研究采用静电纺丝技术制备掺杂氯化锂(LiCl)的超细聚氨酯(PU)纳米纤维以用作空气过滤,并通过不同的测试方法对其进行表征.研究结果表明,当PU浓度为15 wt％时(盐的固含量为0.3 wt％),纳米纤维的结构形貌较整齐有序,纤维分布均匀,纳米纤维平均直径达到84 nm.此时,纤维的断裂伸长率为186.01％,断裂强...     

膜分离技术在电镀镍漂洗水回收中的应用

经过一系列的实验 ,证明了采用膜分离技术浓缩电镀镍漂洗水和回收利用漂洗水中的镍和水资源的可行性 .实验结果表明 ,NF技术对镍离子的截留率大于 97% ,RO技术对镍离子的截留率大于 99% .对于镍离子浓度为 14 5mg/L的进水 ,膜分离技术可浓缩电镀镍漂洗水 10 0倍以上 ,经一级NF ,两级RO(BWRO、SWRO)浓缩 ,浓缩液镍离子浓度可达到 5 0 g/L ,透过液经处理后回用     

Synthesis of polyamine flocculants and their potential use in treating dye wastewater

Polyamine flocculants were synthesized by the polycondensation of dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin, in which organic amines, e.g. 1,2-diaminoethane, were used as modifying agents. Different products were obtained by varying the reaction parameters, such as the molar ratio of epichlorohydrin to dimethylamine, the amount of 1,2-diaminoethane and reaction temperature. The polyamine flocculants were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Their flocculation performance was evaluated with simulated dye liquor and actual printing and dyeing wastewater. The behavior of the flocculants was compared with that of inorganic coagulant, polyaluminum chloride (PAC). The experimental results show that polyamine with the highest viscosity and cationicity could be prepared under following conditions: an epichlorohydrin to dimethylamine molar ratio of 1.5, a reaction temperature of 70 degrees C, a 3% content of 1,2-diaminoethane in the total reaction monomers and a reaction time of 7h. Polyamine polymers can, as flocculants for treating simulated and actual dye wastewater, remove color and COD efficiently. The rate of color removal from reactive red liquor, reactive blue liquor and reductive yellow liquor reached as high as 96%, 97% and 96%, respectively. The highest efficiency of color removal and COD removal from polyamine for treating dye wastewater was 90% and 89%, respectively.     

Recovery of surfactant SDS and Cd2+ from permeate in MEUF using a continuous foam fractionator

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of foam fractionation to recover valuable surfactant (SDS) and metal ion (Cd²⁺) in the permeate of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF). The effects of operating factors, such as time, air flow rate, feed flow rate, liquid height, foam height, feed surfactant concentration, ethanol concentration and temperature on separation characteristics were studied in the continuous operation. When the concentrations of surfactant (SDS) and metal ion (Cd²⁺) in the feed solution were 500 mg/L and 10 mg/L, an enrichment ratio of 3.1 was achieved for SDS along with 52% removal fraction, as well as 99.35% Cd²⁺ was removed, after optimization of different process parameters. As the optimized results, the air and liquid flow rates were 100 L/h and 5 L/h, liquid and foam heights were 45 cm and 66 cm, respectively, sparger pore size was 10 μm. The Cd²⁺ concentration in the effluent was lower than 0.1 mg/L which could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard (the first grade of national discharge standards in China).     

含铜废水的膜电解

采用膜电解技术脱除含铜废水和含铜污泥废水的中Cu2+.对于含铜废水在以氨水、NaOH、草酸为阴极液电解质时,废水中Cu2+去除率分别为90.1％、50.4％和82％;废水中Cu2+浓度分别为11.75 mg/L、55.4 mg/L和20.92 mg/L.对于含铜污泥废水在以氨水、NaOH、硫化钠为阴极液电解质时,废水中Cu2+去除率分别为20.75％、61.06％和40.28％.膜电解过程能实现废水中Cu2+的去除和回收,但废水组成对膜电解过程的效果有着重要的影响.     

Treatability and kinetics studies of mesophilic aerobic biodegradation of high oil and grease pet food wastewater

In this work, batch activated sludge studies were investigated for the treatment of raw pet food wastewater characterized by oil and grease concentrations of 50,000-66,000 mg/L, COD and BOD concentrations of 100,000 and 80,000 mg/L, respectively, as well as effluent from an existing anaerobic digester treating the aforementioned wastewater. A pre-treatment process, dissolved air flotation (DAF) achieved 97-99% reduction in O&G to about 400-800 mg/L, which is still atypically high for AS. The batch studies were conducted using a 4-L bioreactor at room temperature (21 degrees C) under different conditions. The experimental results showed for the DAF pretreated effluent, 92% COD removal efficiency can be achieved by using conventional activated sludge system at a 5 days contact time and applied initial soluble COD to biomass ratio of 1.17 mg COD/mg VSS. Similarly for the digester effluent at average oil and grease concentrations of 13,500 mg/L, activated sludge affected 63.7-76.2% soluble COD removal at 5 days. The results also showed that all kinetic data best conformed to the zero order biodegradation model with a low biomass specific maximum substrate utilization rate of 0.168 mg COD/mg VSS day reflecting the slow biodegradability of the wastewater even after 99% removal of oil and grease.     

Adsorption characteristics of Ni(II) onto MA-DTPA/PVDF chelating membrane

The melamine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid/polyvinylidene fluoride (MA-DTPA/PVDF) chelating membrane bearing polyaminecarboxylate groups was prepared for the removal of Ni(II) from wastewater effluents. The membrane was characterized by SEM, (13)C NMR and FTIR techniques. Quantitative adsorption experiments were performed in view of pH, contact time, temperature, the presence of Ca(II) and lactic acid as the controlling parameters. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium were examined regarding the single Ni(II) system, binary Ni(II) and Ca(II) system and nickel-lactic acid complexes system. The desorption efficiency was also evaluated, and the adsorption mechanism was suggested based on experimental data. The results show that the sorption kinetics fit well to Lagergren second-order equation and the isotherms can be well described by Langmuir model. At 298 K, the second-order rate constant is calculated to be 4.171, 11.39, 6.203 cm(2)/(mg min) and the equilibrium uptake is 0.0264, 0.0211 and 0.0216 mg/cm(2) in the aforementioned three systems. The distribution coefficient of Ni(II) slowly decreases from 4.27 to 2.72, and the separation factor (f(Ni(II)/Ca(II))) increases from 3.10 to 8.46 when the initial Ca(II) concentration varies from 20 to 200mg/L. This reveals the chelating membrane shows more affinity for Ni(II) than Ca(II) ions. In the studied range of lactic acid concentration, Ni(II) uptake decreases with the maximum ratio of 10%. Chemical bonding (chelation) dominates in the adsorption process, and the negative ΔG° and ΔH° indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption.     

Removal turbidity and separation of heavy metals using electrocoagulation-electroflotation technique A case study

The electrocoagulation (EC) process was developed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional wastewater treatment technologies. This process is very effective in removing organic pollutants including dyestuff wastewater and allows for the reduction of sludge generation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration (C(0)), duration of treatment (t), current density (j), interelectrode distance (d) and conductivity (kappa) on a synthetic wastewater in the batch electrocoagulation-electroflotation (EF) process. The optimal operating conditions were determined and applied to a textile wastewater and separation of some heavy metals. Initially a batch-type EC-EF reactor was operated at various current densities (11.55, 18.6, 35.94, 56.64, 74.07 and 91.5mA/cm(2)) and various interelectrode distance (1, 2 and 3cm). For solutions with 300mg/L of silica gel, high turbidity removal (89.54%) was obtained without any coagulants when the current density was 11.55mA/cm(2), initial pH was 7.6, conductivity was 2.1mS/cm, duration of treatment was 10min and interelectrode distance was 1cm. The application of the optimal operating parameters on a textile wastewater showed a high removal efficiency for various items: suspended solid (SS) 86.5%, turbidity 81.56%, biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)) 83%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 68%, and color over 92.5%. During the EC process under these conditions, we have studied the separation of some heavy metal ions such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with different initial concentrations in the range of 50-600mg/L and initial pH between 7.5 and 7.8. This allowed us to show that the kinetics of electrocoagulation-electroflotation is very quick (<15min), and the removal rate reaches 95%.     

Optimization of electrochemical treatment of industrial paint wastewater with response surface methodology

The electrochemical oxidation of water-based paint wastewater was investigated batch-wise in the presence of NaCl electrolyte with carbon electrodes for the first time in literature. The electrochemical treatment conditions were optimized using response surface methodology where potential difference, reaction temperature and electrolyte concentration were to be minimized while chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity removal percents and initial COD removal rate were maximized at 100% pollution load. The optimum conditions were satisfied at 35 g/L external electrolyte concentration, 30 degrees C reaction temperature and 8 V potential difference (64.37 mA/cm(2) current density) realizing 51.8% COD and complete color and turbidity removals, and 3010.74 mg/Lh initial COD removal rate. According to these results, the electrochemical method could be a strong alterative to conventional physicochemical methods for the treatment of water-based paint wastewater.     

Mg/Al水滑石对腐殖酸的去除性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了 Mg/Al 水滑石,并在不同温度下煅烧。探究了煅烧温度、材料投加量、pH 值、腐殖酸初始浓度对水滑石去除腐殖酸的影响。结果表明,当金属物质的量比为3的 Mg/Al 水滑石投加量为0.5 g/L, pH 值为8.5,温度为25℃时,水滑石对10 mg/L 的腐殖酸的去除率能达到96.64%,此时,水滑石的饱和吸附量为19.33 mg/g。Mg/Al 水滑石经3次再生后,对腐殖酸的去除率仍然高达95%以上,表明 Mg/Al 水滑石的可重用性好。     

Hydrolytic pretreatment of oily wastewater by immobilized lipase

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydrolysis of wastewater with high oil and grease (O&G) concentration from a pet food industry using immobilized lipase (IL) as a pretreatment step for anaerobic treatment through batch and continuous-flow experiments. The intrinsic Michaelis constant (K(m)) and maximum reaction rate (V(max)) were estimated experimentally and the K(m) value of IL (22.5g O&G/L) was six-folds higher than that of the free lipase (FL) (3.6gO&G/L), whereas V(max) of both FL (31.3mM/gmin) and IL (33.1mM/gmin) were similar. Preliminary batch anaerobic respirometric experiments showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and O&G reduction were 49 and 45% without pretreatment and 65 and 64% with IL pretreatment respectively, while the maximum growth rate (micromax) for pretreated wastewater (0.17d(-1)) was 3.4-folds higher than that of raw wastewater (0.05d(-1)) with similar Monod half-saturation constants (K(s) approximately 2.7gCOD/L). The continuous-flow experimental study showed the feasibility of employing the hybrid packed bed reactor (PBR)-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system for the treatment of high-strength oily wastewater, as reflected by its ability to operate at an oil loading rate (LR) of 4.9kgO&G/m(3)d (to the PBR) without any problems for a period of 100days. During pseudo-steady-state conditions, the hybrid UASB produced relatively higher biogas compared to the control UASB, The effluent COD and O&G concentrations of hybrid system were 100mg/L lower than that of the control UASB reactor and no foam production was observed in the hybrid UASB compared to the control UASB reactor.