不同温度下矿物掺合料对喷射混凝土水化行为及力学性能的影响

不同温度下粉煤灰、矿粉和硅灰对喷射混凝土水化行为及力学性能的影响规律尚不明确。本文通过XRD定量分析、热重分析和SEM测试等手段表征了不同温度和龄期下三种矿物掺合料对喷射混凝土水化行为的影响,并测试了砂浆抗压强度。结果表明,不同温度下,硅灰和矿粉能提高喷射混凝土早期和后期强度,粉煤灰不利于早期强度的发展,20℃时粉煤灰体系砂浆6 h抗压强度低于基准值。6 h和1 d龄期时,温度对试块抗压强度的影响非常显著,60℃时硅灰体系砂浆6 h抗压强度高达13.39 MPa;随着龄期增长,温度对试块强度的增强作用减弱。温度升高会激发矿物掺合料的火山灰效应,生成C-S-H凝胶填充内部孔隙,提高体系砂浆试块抗压强度。同一温度、龄期下,硅灰体系水化产物中C-S-H凝胶含量多,抗压强度最高。矿粉体系水化程度最高,抗压强度较高。粉煤灰体系中AFt含量最高,但C-S-H凝胶含量少,抗压强度最低。本文对特殊环境下矿物掺合料在喷射混凝土中的应用有指导作用。     

高温养护下粉煤灰效应机理研究

大体积混凝土施工过程中,为降低水化热而采用大量的粉煤灰替代水泥,故对高掺量粉煤灰水泥的水化硬化机理进行深入系统的研究具有重要的意义.以大掺量粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体为研究对象,结合XRD、FTIR、NMR等测试分析,研究高养护制度下粉煤灰掺量对其水化相C-S-H凝胶硅氧四面体聚合程度的影响规律.结果表明:高温养护的硬化浆体,其水化相C-S-H凝胶硅氧四面体聚合程度和Al原子取代Si原子的程度,在各个养护龄期始终高于常温养护的硬化浆体.     

海水和矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆性能的影响

本文研究了不同拌和水以及海水拌和时粉煤灰和硅灰掺量对硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)砂浆力学性能和表观孔隙率以及净浆凝结时间、化学收缩、孔溶液pH值和氯离子结合能力等的影响,并通过XRD、SEM和EDS分析水泥水化产物和微观结构。结果表明,海水能加快SAC早期水化并提高其早期强度,但后期强度和淡水拌和时无明显差别。粉煤灰和硅灰均会延长SAC凝结时间,对早期抗压强度不利,而掺加质量分数为5.0%和7.5%的硅灰能提高SAC砂浆28 d抗压强度。硅灰掺量增加时会提高用水量和表观孔隙率,降低流动性,使水泥化学收缩增大,降低净浆pH值且减少氯离子结合量;粉煤灰能够提高砂浆流动性,减少水泥化学收缩,但掺量越大对SAC砂浆抗压强度和抗折强度越不利,掺质量分数为10%的粉煤灰可小幅提高氯离子结合量且减小表观孔隙率。     

29Si固体核磁共振技术在C-S-H凝胶中的应用进展

C-S-H凝胶作为硅酸盐水泥最主要的水化产物,是影响水泥混凝土行业工程质量的重要因素.本文围绕29Si固体核磁共振技术(29Si NMR)在硅酸盐水泥水化产物应用展开,从水化硅酸钙晶型、C-S-H聚合机理、钙硅比、机械力活化作用、矿物掺合料对C-S-H影响等几方面阐述29Si NMR在硅酸盐水泥水化产物C-S-H凝胶中的应用,提出了利用29Si NMR分析硅酸盐水泥水化产物存在的问题,并展望了29Si NMR在水泥水化领域的发展趋势.     

高炉镍铁渣粉在水泥基复合胶凝材料中的水化特性研究

通过对不同高炉镍铁渣掺量的水泥-高炉镍铁渣粉复合胶凝材料水化放热速率、高炉镍铁渣粉的反应程度、硬化浆体化学结合水含量以及水化产物中C-S-H凝胶Ca/Si的测定,分别研究了水泥-高炉镍铁渣粉复合胶凝材料的早期、中长期水化进程、浆体微观形貌以及水化产物特点等水化特性.研究结果表明:高炉镍铁渣的掺入会降低水化放热速率,并推迟水化加速期放热峰的出现时间;在复合胶凝体系中,随着高炉镍铁渣粉掺量的增大,其反应程度和硬化浆体中化学结合水含量将降低.复合胶凝材料水化生成的C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si低于水泥,且随着水化的进行呈降低趋势;高炉镍铁渣粉中的Al,在水化过程中会取代部分Si进入C-S-H凝胶中,形成C-A-S-H凝胶.     

硅灰对C_3S水化的影响

用传导型量热计、定量化学分析、三甲基硅烷化-凝胶渗透色谱分析、热分解气体分析和扫描电镜分析等方法研究了硅灰和氢氧化钙或硅酸三钙的反应。结果发现硅灰能和氢氧化钙立即反应,生成类似于C-S-H(Ⅱ)的水化硅酸钙。当硅灰过量时,则多余的硅灰能和已经生成的C-S-H继续反应,生成一种聚合度很高,但C/S很低(<1.0)的新型C-S-H。 在硅灰-C_3S系统中,硅灰对C_3S水化(特别是早期水化)表现出强烈促进作用。主要原因是硅灰有其巨大的活性表面积,可为反应产物C-S-H的早期沉淀提供一理想场所,从而使C_3S能在比较长时间内保持表面的相对“干净”,有利于C_3S的快速水化。另外,硅灰可不断消耗C_3S水化产物之一的氢氧化钙,也是促进C_3S水化的一个原因。当所有氢氧化钙都被消耗完毕后,多余的硅灰能和已有的C-S-H反应,生成高聚合度的另一种C-S-H。 硅灰是用以研究混凝土用的活性火山灰质材料的理想模型材料。通过X射线能谱分析发现,在硅灰-C_3S-H_2O体系中,未水化C_3S粒子周围存在着不同C/S的三层C-S-H。内层C-S-H直接与未水化C_3S接触,是由C_3S水化生成的,C/S≈1.5～1.6。中间层C-S-H的C/S与内层相近或略低。被认为是由硅灰和C_3S水化放出的Ca(OH)_2反应生成的。外层C-S-H的C/S很低(<1.0),而聚合度很高,很可能是由硅灰     

硅灰和PB-g-PSG胶乳复合改性水泥砂浆的性能

通过半连续乳液接枝聚合反应合成了m(聚丁二烯)/m(苯乙烯)/m(甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯)比例为50/46/4的聚丁二烯接枝苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)共聚胶乳(PB-g-PSG).水灰比为0.4(质量比)时,将硅灰和胶乳用于改性水泥砂浆,研究了硅灰掺量和胶乳掺量对改性水泥砂浆的流动度、抗压和抗折强度以及水吸收速率的影响.研究表明:在一定掺量范围内,当胶乳掺量增加时,改性砂浆的流动度增加,吸水率降低;当硅灰掺量增加时,流动度降低,合适的硅灰掺量能降低改性砂浆的吸水率;胶乳和硅灰的复合掺入有益于砂浆力学性能的改善,改性砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度最高值分别为67.02 MPa和7.40 MPa;利用DSC和XRD研究了硅灰和胶乳对水泥水化的影响,结果表明:当胶乳掺量增加时,水泥水化程度呈先增后降趋势,胶乳掺入10％时,水泥水化程度最高.当硅灰掺量增加时,水泥水化程度呈下降趋势,硅灰掺量为5％时,水泥水化程度最高.综上,胶乳和硅灰可以复合改性水泥砂浆.     

高温养护对炉底灰胶凝体系强度及水化产物的影响

为实现炉底灰在大体积混凝土工程中的资源化利用,结合净浆强度测定、X射线衍射、红外光谱及扫描电镜等手段,研究了高温养护对不同龄期炉底灰胶凝体系强度及水化产物的影响,结果表明:炉底灰胶凝体系水化产物主要为羟钙石,红辉沸石,文石以及C-S-H凝胶,高温养护促进了胶凝体系中硅酸钙的水化,生成更多的羟钙石和C-S-H凝胶,提高了试样早期强度;养护后期,胶凝体系水化速率及强度增长速率减小,羟钙石参与碱激发反应被消耗,C-S-H凝胶聚合度降低.高温养护下,胶凝试样的早期微观形貌以密实的网状C-S-H凝胶为主,随着龄期的增长,C-S-H凝胶结构更加致密,包裹于凝胶中的羟钙石在高温作用下产生微裂隙,阻碍了试样强度的发展.     

矿渣-水泥复合胶凝体系低温水化动力学研究

研究了低温下矿渣-水泥复合胶凝体系的水化反应特性和水化反应动力学.研究表明:低温下,复合胶凝体系的水化放热速率随着矿渣掺量的增加和环境温度的降低而下降;非蒸发水含量随着矿渣掺量的增加呈现降低的趋势;对已有水泥水化动力学方程进行计算,得到了低温条件下复合胶凝体系的动力学参数以及不同阶段反应速率和水化度间的关系,通过计算获得的动力学参数,可以对低温条件下复合胶凝体系不同反应阶段水化反应程度进行预测;在水化早期,复合胶凝体系中矿渣水化程度较低,消耗少量Ca(OH)2,使生成C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si降低较少.在水化后期,复合胶凝体系中矿渣水化消耗较多的Ca(OH)2,使生成C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si降低较多.矿渣掺量为50％时,硬化浆体C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si远小于纯水泥体系.     

超细硅灰改性低强度等级水泥基材料的性能研究

为了提高低标号水泥基材料的力学性能和耐久性,基于纳米粉体的特殊性能与效应,采用超细硅灰对水泥基材料进行改性。除进行宏观力学性能和耐久性测试之外,运用XRD、TGA-DTA、SEM等方法,研究了超细硅灰改性水泥基材料的相组成、显微结构及微观形貌。结果表明:水泥基复合材料最佳配比为水泥:粉煤灰:超细硅灰:早强减水剂为1:1:0.025:0.015,此时超细硅灰能够很好地促进水泥水化,使水化产物增多,水泥石基体相的显微结构致密,C-S-H凝胶交织成致密的网状结构,结构缺陷显著降低,导致强度明显增大、耐久性显著提高。     

Effect of Condensed Silica Fume on the Microstructure of the Interfacial Zone in Portland Cement Mortars

The development of the microstructure at the cement paste-sand grain interfacial zone was studied, and the effect of condensed silica fume was evaluated. In portland cement mortars, the microstructure of the interfacial zone, extending to about 20 to 50 μm from the sand grain surface, was significantly different from that of the bulk paste, and it was characterized by a massive Ca(OH)₂ layer engulfing the sand grain and by some channel-type gaps. When 15% condensed silica fume was added, the interfacial zone had a homogeneous and dense microstructure, similar to that of the bulk paste, without the presence of a massive Ca(OH)₂ layer or gaps. On the basis of observations at early ages, it is suggested that these characteristics were the result of differences in the nature of the fresh paste, which was more prone to bleeding in the portland cement mortar.     

Curing requirements of silica fume and fly ash mortars

The curing requirements of silica fume and fly ash mortars were investigated in this study. Silica fume and fly ash mortar specimens were moist cured for periods of 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. After each of the five periods, the moist curing was interrupted by oven-drying the specimens at a temperature of 110°C for 3 days. The specimens were later tested for compressive strength and absorptivity. In this study, it was also determined whether the losses in strength and impermeability of silica fume and fly ash mortars due to an interruption in curing could be regained by recuring. The test results clearly indicate that the curing requirement of silica fume mortar is less than that of plain cement mortar, while in the case of fly ash mortar it is hogher than that of plain cement mortar.     

The effect of mechanically and chemically activated fly ashes on mortar properties

Fly ash is a waste material from coal-burning power plants that consume pulverized solid fuels. Two fly ashes from Asturias (Spain) were activated mechanically by wet milling and chemically by leaching with sulfuric acid. The activated fly ashes were characterized in terms of physico-chemical characterization, granulometry, density, blaine, BET, XRD and SEM.A comparative study was carried out of several mortars, in some cases using different additions of silica fume or activated fly ash. The influence that these additives have on the mechanical resistance of the mortars was studied. As well as the possible use of these activated fly ashes as a replacement for silica fume in producing high-strength mortar or concrete. It was found that mortars containing activated fly ash presented higher compressive strengths.A mercury intrusion porosimetry study was carried out on cement mortars made with mineral additives such as silica fume and activated fly ashes. In general, the porosities values of these mortars showed that mineral admixtures improved mechanical resistance due to the decrease in pore size.     

Zero-eccentricity direct-tension testing of thermally damaged cement-based materials

This study presents some results on direct-tension strength of two cementitious mortars using a test set-up specifically designed to virtually eliminate any load eccentricity. The tests were conducted on cement mortars with and without condensed silica fume after being exposed to high temperature (200, 300, 400 and 500 °C). Direct-tension tests were also carried out at room temperature (20 °C) for reference. The specimens were exposed to high temperature and were then allowed to cool to room temperature before testing up to failure. The strength values measured in this study exhibit a trend that is similar to that exhibited by the compressive strength cited in the literature. The results show that mortar specimens exhibited a small increase in strength at temperatures up to 200 °C for regular mortar and up to 230 °C for silica fume mortar. At temperatures above 200/230 °C, the residual tensile strength of the mortar decreases significantly and rapidly. Adding silica fume to the cement mortar increases the resistance to high temperature.     

矿物掺合料对机制砂砂浆性能的影响

研究了在相同水灰比与流动度情况下,单掺或复掺硅灰及不同地区粉煤灰等矿物掺合料对机制砂砂浆流动性、强度的影响,并与标准砂砂浆进行了比较。结果表明、与标准砂相比,机制砂砂浆需水量大、保水性差、易泌水,但具有增强作用;硅灰引起机制砂砂浆流动性减小、减少泌水、增进强度。水灰比相同时,随掺量灰增大,机制砂砂浆流动性增大,不同龄期下砂浆抗压强度均下降。复掺硅灰与粉煤灰可提高机制砂的强度。上海与贵州两地的粉煤灰品质基本相同,对砂浆性能的影响也基本相同。     

Si MAS-NMR Study of Hydrated Cement Paste and Mortar Made with and without Silica Fume

This paper presents ²⁹Si MAS-NMR measurements that trace the hydration process in both cement paste and mortar specimens made from ordinary portland cement, Type I, when the cement content is replaced by 0, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of silica fume. The specimens were moist-cured for 3, 7, 14, 28, 90, and 180 days at a laboratory temperature of 21°C (69.8°F). Compressive strength for all tested specimens was also determined. The results show that the degree of hydration (Q¹+ Q²)/(Q°+ Q¹+ Q²) increased with increasing content of silica fume, especially at the early ages of 3 to 28 days. In the same manner, compressive strength results were markedly increased up to 14 days and were lowered at later ages, compared to the control mix (0 wt% silica fume).     

The Adhesion Properties of Mortars in Relation with Microstructure

The interaction between masonry units and mortar is a crucial factor for the quality of a wall. The most important factor is the adhesion between bricks and mortar in order to construct a masonry wall with adequate strength, good impermeability, and durability. In this work mortars were produced with various cement/lime/aggregates ratio. The adhesion properties of the mortars with clay bricks were tested with a simplified tensile/tear testing measurement. In order to investigate the adhesion properties in relation with microstructure the mortars were characterized with X-ray diffraction and were further investigated with scanning electron microscopy and stereoscopy. It was found that adhesion is favored by the formation of a Si–Al matrix with a low Ca content in the brick/mortar interface and the formation of fine Ca–Al–Si phases which can penetrate into the brick.     

The development of high-strength mortars with improved thermal and acid resistance

Granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) cement, containing up to 60% slag, is sometimes used in repair materials applied at intermediate temperatures of 150-300 °C. Low rate of strength development, especially at early ages, is considered a common disadvantage of repair mortars based on slag cement. The present research was oriented to improving a GBFS-portland cement binder for application as a repair material in the chemical industry when high thermal or acid resistance is required. It was found that the enhancement of GBFS-portland cement-based materials can be achieved with the help of silica fume (SF) and a superplasticizer (SP). The effect of different SPs on the compressive and flexural strength of SF-blast furnace slag-portland cement mortars was investigated. These mortars, in addition to high strength, demonstrate high thermal and acid resistance.     

新型高性能水泥基灌浆料的配制研究

以普通硅酸盐水泥、快硬硫铝酸盐水泥、硅灰和膨胀剂为胶凝材料,再以石英砂为骨料制作灌浆砂浆,通过正交试验设计出高强胶凝材料的最佳配比。最后以上述胶凝材料为基础,粗中细三种砂子为骨料,并添加高性能外加剂,通过改变水和胶凝材料以及胶凝材料和骨料的比例,得到符合标准规范的高性能水泥基灌浆料。掺入快硬水泥有快硬早强的效果;为减小灌浆材料的收缩可以掺入适量膨胀剂;掺入硅灰可以提高灌浆材料的强度。综合考虑灌浆料的流动性,竖向膨胀率以及强度和收缩性的影响,确定灌浆料胶砂比为1.2,水胶比为0.34。研究成果对今后水泥基灌浆材料的发展具有一定的参考价值。     

Experimental study on properties of polymer-modified cement mortars with silica fume

This paper discussed the flexural and the compressive strengths of polyacrylic ester (PAE) emulsion and silica fume (SF)-modified mortar. The chloride ion permeability in cement mortar and the interfacial microhardness between aggregates and matrix were measured. The chemical reactions between polymer and cement-hydrated product were investigated by the infrared spectral technology. The results show that the decrease of porosity and increase of density of cement mortars can be achieved by the pozzolanic effect of SF, the water-reducing and -filling effect of polymer. Lower porosity and higher density can give cement mortars such properties as higher flexural and compressive strength, higher microhardness value in interfacial zone and lower effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in matrix.