太阳能光伏光热(PV/T)热泵热水系统实验研究

本文搭建了1种间接式基于太阳能光伏光热(PV/T)部件的热泵热水系统应用示范平台,其中PV/T集热器面积为64 m~2。对PV/T热泵系统在不同环境温度和辐照条件下的光电光热性能进行了测试分析,结果表明PV/T部件发电量较之传统光伏组件提高11.0%,PV/T电池温度比较传统光伏组件温度平均降温25.5℃,可以有效缓解较高温度对光伏电池使用寿命的影响。热泵机组平均COP可达4.7。PV/T热泵系统的光伏光热综合效率可达74.4%,在产热发电性能上与传统集热器和光伏组件更有优势。在将3 m~3水从31.0℃加热至51.0℃的过程中,PV/T热泵系统总发电量和耗电量分别为28.0 kW·h和24.5 kW·h,并且夏季晴朗少云条件下,发电功率一直高于用电功率,可以实现离网使用。     

新型光伏光热幕墙组件性能特性研究

将微热管阵列技术引入传统光伏幕墙,组成新型光伏光热幕墙组件(Micro Heat Pipe Array-Building Integrated Photovoltaic,MHPA-BIPV/T),再应用到光伏光热系统中。通过实验对新型光伏光热幕墙组件与传统的光伏幕墙组件、透光型PV/T幕墙组件和非透光型PV/T幕墙组件作对比,结果表明新型PV/T幕墙组件比传统PV幕墙组件光电转换效率提升较为显著,其中,透光PV/T组件比透光PV组件的日平均光电转换效率提升了9%,非透光PV/T组件比非透光PV组件的日平均光电转换效率提升了4%;透光PV/T幕墙组件的日平均总效率为51%,非透光PV/T幕墙组件的日平均总效率为46%。     

循环水量对光伏光热系统性能影响的实验研究

搭建光伏光热(PV/T)系统实验台,研究了光伏板温度、循环水箱水温、光电性能、光热性能、综合性能与系统循环水量之间的关系。     

重庆地区建筑太阳能PV/T系统性能模拟研究

利用TRNSYS软件对太阳能光电/热综合利用系统(PV/T)在重庆地区的屋顶及墙面两种应用形式进行了全年模拟研究,对其光电、光热特性进行了分析。得出R-PV/T系统的发电总量与系统的光热转换总量高于W-PV/T系统,而W-PV/T系统的敷设可以不受屋面场地的限制,使建筑墙体表面获得利用,因此仍然具有较大可行性。论文的研究为PV/T在重庆等太阳辐射强度较弱地区的应用提供了参考。     

PV/T社区用能一体化热泵热水系统的应用研究

为综合利用太阳能资源,搭建了一种基于太阳能光伏光热(PV/T)部件的PV/T社区用能一体化热泵热水系统,并对该系统在夏季的实际运行特性进行测试,通过研究热效率、电效率和系统性能系数(COP)进一步分析其热力性能。测试结果表明:太阳辐射强度对系统运行的影响较大,室外环境温度及室外风速主要影响系统的散热。测试期间,系统平均电效率约为15.98%,系统平均热效率约为42.3%;热泵COP最高可达6.4,平均值约为4.8;系统COP最高可达3.9,平均值约为3.3。该系统可满足社区公共部分的用电和生活热水需求,具有良好的应用前景。     

风冷式PV/T空调系统夜间制冷性能实验研究

提出了一种新型风冷式PV/T(光伏/光热)空调系统,并测试了系统在夏季夜间的制冷性能,研究了室内外空气温度对系统运行性能的影响。系统冷凝器由风冷式冷凝器和PV/T冷凝器串联组成,可以与周围空气进行对流换热,以及与低温天空进行长波辐射换热,在强化制冷效果的同时节约了冷凝器占地面积,为PV/T空调系统的发展提供新思路。实验结果表明,PV/T冷凝器能有效提高系统过冷度,PV/T冷凝器的冷却效果与冷凝温度呈正相关。风冷式PV/T空调系统制冷性能优于风冷式空调,其COP(性能系数)比风冷式空调高8.6%。当室外空气温度由23℃升高到27℃时,系统COP由3.9降低到3.1。当室内空气温度由20℃升高到24℃时,系统COP由3.1升高到3.5。     

BIPV建筑光伏余热直接热利用系统测试分析

BIPV控制中心把空冷型PV/T构件整合到建筑外墙中,实现了太阳能光电光热一体化高效综合利用.本文以此建筑为测试对象,对空冷型PV/T的光伏余热直接热利用系统实际运行效果进行了测试.实验结果表明,与南墙结合的PV/T直接热利用系统效果很好,具有推广应用价值,而东墙和西墙直接热利用系统送风温度较低,经济性一般.     

新型太阳能光伏—热泵复合建筑供能系统及其性能实验研究

将基于平板微热管阵列技术的新型水冷光伏光热(Photoveltaic-thermal,PV/T)系统与双热源热泵相结合,提出1种新型太阳能光伏—热泵复合建筑供能系统。本文介绍了该复合建筑供能系统的组成、工作原理、运行模式及实验台的设计,并对PV/T系统与双热源热泵联合运行模式进行了实验研究与性能分析。PV/T系统峰值功率为1 170 W,压缩机功率为1HP的系统,在室外环境平均气温为4.0℃,平均辐照度684 W/m2条件下,热泵平均制热COP为2.7,平均发电功率为620.5W,平均发电效率为11.7%,全天(9:00~15:00)发电量为4.39 k Wh,平均集热效率为22.3%,光伏光热综合效率为34.1%。实验结果表明该系统能充分利用太阳能和热泵各自优势,通过能源互补,提高系统综合利用效率,满足建筑所需的多种用能需求,在推广可再生能源利用和建筑节能方面具有重要意义。     

太阳能光伏光热组件(PV/T)性能评价方法研究

结合对某太阳能光伏光热组件(PV/T)的测试数据,从热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律、发电效率和集热效率的角度对PV/T组件的性能进行了评价,对评价结果进行了分析,给出了PV/T组件性能评价方法。     

水冷型PV/T系统的高效利用与发展现状

在光伏光热系统(PV/T)中为提高其电效率并高效利用低品位热能,近年来对于冷却工质及其工作方式的研究越来越多。其中,水冷式以其方便直接使用、无需二次换热、良好的光学特性和高热容量等优点,受到了广泛的理论研究和实验测试。通过以效率的视角探究光伏覆盖率、背管分布形式等影响流体冷却能力的因素,并结合相变PV/T、PV/T矩阵等PV/T未来发展新趋势,为今后水冷型PV/T系统进一步高效实验提供了研究方向。     

A heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid system and its performance evaluation

Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system has been considered as an attractive technology for building integration. The main part of a BIPV/T system is PV/T collector. In order to solve the non-uniform cooling of solar PV cells and control the operating temperature of solar PV cells conveniently, a heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid system (collector) has been proposed and described by selecting a wick heat pipe to absorb isothermally the excessive heat from solar PV cells. A theoretical model in terms of heat transfer process analysis in PV module panel and introducing the effectiveness-number of transfer unit (?-NTU) method in heat exchanger design was developed to predict the overall thermal-electrical conversion performances of the heat pipe PV/T system. A detailed parametric investigation by varying relevant parameters, i.e., inlet water temperature, water mass flow rate, packing factor of solar cell and heat loss coefficient has been carried out on the basis of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Results show that the overall thermal, electrical and exergy efficiencies of the heat pipe PV/T hybrid system corresponding to 63.65%, 8.45% and 10.26%, respectively can be achieved under the operating conditions presented in this paper. The varying range of operating temperature for solar cell on the absorber plate is less than 2.5 °C. The heat pipe PV/T hybrid system is viable and exhibits the potential and competitiveness over the other conventional BIPV/T systems.     

PV/T系统电热性能的实验研究

介绍了PV/T系统组成的原理,针对PV/T系统的电热性能进行了实验研究,并对实验数据进行了处理。计算出了不同参数下该PV/T系统的热效率和电效率,分析了这些参数对系统热效率的影响,以及PV/T模块表面温度对系统电效率的影响。     

热管型太阳能热电联产系统

传统的太阳能光伏组件受温度影响较大,光伏组件表面温度的急剧升高会严重影响光伏电池的发电效率。太阳能热电联产系统回收利用太阳能电池产生的热能可降低太阳能电池的工作温度,在提高太阳能电池发电效率的同时亦可产生热水。充分运用热管导热技术,自主设计了热管型太阳能热电联产系统组件、太阳能光热系统。该系统运行两年来,年均产电2.37万k W·h,年产45℃以上热水2 000 t,具有显著的经济和环境效益,推广应用前景广阔。     

不同冷却方式对太阳能光伏组件发电性能分析

目前,对光伏组件(PV组件)和光伏光热组件(PV/T组件)所进行的相关研究都是对单一组件、单一方式进行的研究,缺少不同冷却方式系统性的研究。针对该现状建立铜管水降温PV/T系统与表面水降温PV系统并对其进行实验和理论模拟研究,选择同样材质、同等规格和相同倾角固定的追踪式光伏TPV系统作为参照对象。结果表明,铜管水降温TPV系统和表面水降温PV系统与固定倾角TPV系统相比电池转换效率分别提高0.3%和3%,从而证明表面水降温PV系统不但能定期除尘且具有很好的降温作用,可提高电池转换效率。     

Condenser heat recovery with a PV/T air heating collector to regenerate desiccant for reducing energy use of an air conditioning room

This paper presents an experimental test along with procedures to investigate the validity of a developed simulation model in predicting the dynamic performance of a condenser heat recovery with a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air heating collector to regenerate desiccant for reducing energy use of an air conditioning room under the prevailing meteorological conditions in tropical climates. The system consists of five main parts; namely, living space, desiccant dehumidification and regeneration unit, air conditioning system, PV/T collector, and air mixing unit. The comparisons between the experimental results and the simulated results using the same meteorological data of the experiment show that the prediction results simulated by the model agree satisfactorily with those observed from the experiments. The thermal energy generated by the system can produce warm dry air as high as 53 °C and 23% relative humidity. Additionally, electricity of about 6% of the daily total solar radiation can be obtained from the PV/T collector in the system. Moreover, the use of a hybrid PV/T air heater, incorporated with the heat recovered from the condenser to regenerate the desiccant for dehumidification, can save the energy use of the air conditioning system by approximately 18%.     

太阳能聚光光伏光热(CPV/T)系统研究

聚光光伏光热(CPV/T)系统将太阳电池与集热器相结合,通过聚光和跟踪太阳提高太阳辐照强度,增加太阳电池的单位面积发电量,集热器在冷却太阳电池的同时回收多余热能,获得电能和热能双重收益。本文研究聚光比、太阳电池效率、组件中电池片的有效覆盖率、热传导率等因素对系统性能的影响。     

Effect of fluid flow and packing factor on energy performance of a wall-mounted hybrid photovoltaic/water-heating collector system

Façade-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BiPV/T) technology is a relatively new concept in improving the overall energy performance of PV installations in buildings. With the use of wall-mounted water-type PV/T collectors, the system not only generates electricity and hot water simultaneously, but also improves the thermal insulation of the building envelope. A numerical model of this hybrid system was developed by modifying the Hottel–Whillier model, which was originally for the thermal analysis of flat-plate solar thermal collectors. Computer simulation was performed to analyze the system performance. The combined effects of the solar cell packing factor and the water mass flow rate on the thermal and electrical efficiencies were investigated. The simulation results indicated that an optimum water mass flow rate existed in the system through which the desirable integrated energy performance can be achieved.     

Exergetic performance assessment of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector

In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the exergetic performance of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector. A detailed energy and exergy analysis is carried out to calculate the thermal and electrical parameters, exergy components and exergy efficiency of a typical PV/T air collector. Some corrections are done on related heat loss coefficients. An improved electrical model is used to estimate the electrical parameters of a PV/T air collector. Further, a modified equation for the exergy efficiency of a PV/T air collector is derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. A computer simulation program is also developed to calculate the thermal and electrical parameters of a PV/T air collector. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental measurements noted in the previous literature. Finally, parametric studies have been carried out. It is observed that the modified exergy efficiency obtained in this paper is in good agreement with the one given by the previous literature. It is also found that the thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, overall energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of PV/T air collector is about 17.18%, 10.01%, 45% and 10.75% respectively for a sample climatic, operating and design parameters.     

Modeling of energy performance of a house with three configurations of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal systems

A theoretical and experimental study of energy performance of three different open loop air heating building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems that utilize recovered heat for home heating is presented. The configurations are: Configuration 1: base case of unglazed BIPV with airflow under it; Configuration 2: addition of 1.5 m vertical glazed solar air collector in series with Configuration 1; Configuration 3: addition of a glazing over the PV. The model developed has been verified against experimental data from a solar research house for Configuration 1. Obtained relationships for BIPV/T system exiting air temperature as function of solar irradiance and air speed in PV cavity may be used for developing fan airflow control strategies to achieve desired outlet air temperature suitable for different applications. For Configuration 1, preheated air is suitable for HVAC system and domestic hot water (DHW) preheating. Higher outlet air temperatures of the PV cavity suitable for DHW might be achieved by utilizing Configurations 2 or 3. With Configuration 2, significant outlet air temperatures are achieved in winter along with enhanced thermal efficiency making it suitable for coupling with a rockbed heat storage. Finally, Configuration 3 significantly reduces electricity production and may lead to excessively high PV panel temperatures.     

建筑一体化电热冷联产光伏组件能量特性研究

传统太阳能光伏或光热建筑一体化只能为建筑提供单一电能或热能。通过研究一种集成发电、集热、制冷3种功能的建筑一体化电热冷联产光伏组件,对其夏季工况下能量特性进行了实际检测。结果表明:白天,组件集热同时能有效降低光伏电池温度,组件工作温度高于环境温度约8~16℃,发电和集热效率分别为14.1%~13.7%和40.1%~15.7%;晴朗夜间,组件通过对流和辐射两种传热方式进行散热制冷,总制冷功率为26.0~268.5 W/m~2。电热冷联产光伏组件适合与热泵结合,为建筑提供所需能源。