二元混合物沸腾换热机理探讨及计算

对二元混合物池内沸腾和流动沸腾换热机理及二元混合物换热关系式进行了探讨，并提出一个新的非共沸混合工质水平管内强制对流蒸发换热关系式。     

二元混合物沸滕换热机理理探讨及计算

对二元混合物池内沸滕和流动腾换热机理及二元混合物换热关系式进行了探讨，并提出一个瓣的非共沸混合工质水平管内强制对流蒸发换热关系式。     

梭式窑对流换热的模拟研究

在梭式窑空气动力模型上，采用不同规模的烽嘴，研究了烧嘴的流量与喷速对窑内对流换热的影响。提出了换热不均匀度的定义式，推导了入窑气体温度与换热不均匀度的关系，得到了梭式窑对流换热关系式。     

强制对流换热式不烧砖热处理窑

强制对流换热式不烧砖热处理窑为了提高不烧制品的强度，减少运输破损，不烧制品需经一定温度的热处理。目前国内热处理设备简陋，温度不均，常出现过烧和欠火品；而且生产效率低，工作环境差，劳动强度大。因此，开发新型不烧砖热处理窑十分重要。我厂年产不烧砖几千吨，...     

旋转圆盘表面对流换热实验研究

运用萘升华技术和热质比拟原理,把轮胎的滚动简化为一无限大空间旋转的圆盘模型,实验研究无限大空间旋转圆盘表面对流换热特性。对转速在300~1 100 r.min-1圆盘表面的对流换热系数进行测量,发现旋转圆盘表面对流换热系数随转速呈近似线性增大。对试验结果做无因次化处理,得到准则参数的半经验关系式。     

缩放管及改型缩放管内的自然对流换热研究

对普通缩放管、改型缩放管和光滑管进行了自然对流换热的实验研究 ,得到了这三种传热管的自然对流换热系数与热流密度的关系 ,并估算了自然对流段中的阻力损失。实验结果表明 ,改型缩放管和普通缩放管的自然对流换热系数分别比光滑管提高 1 8.3 %和 8.9% ,但管内阻力损失相差不大 ,说明改型缩放管适用于自然对流强化换热的场合。     

国外六十年代单元窑

以燃料加热的玻璃熔窑可分为蓄热式横火焰窑、蓄热式马蹄型火焰窑、换热式双弦顶窑和换热式单弦顶窑。根据熔化部面积又可分为大中小三类。大型玻璃熔窑以横火焰窑为主,因其热效率高。在一般玻璃熔窑中,虽然也有采用马蹄型火焰窑或换热式窑的,但小型蓄热式窑或换热式窑的投资和正常操作的费用比较高。因而在1950年国外采用一种单元窑,此种单元窑的投资仅为蓄热式玻璃熔窑的一半。     

轮胎表面对流换热系数的参数研究

分析表明轮胎的热状态受轮胎外形尺寸和表面对流换热系数变量的影响。在本文报道的研究工作中．一种试验装置已被设计和组装，并能在宽广的操作条件下测定轮胎的对流换热系数。所测得数据表明空气流动速度、边界层厚度和湍动水平、湿度、轮胎表面污染、轮胎表面粗糙度和不平整度、轮胎表面的湿润度等对对流换热系数有影响，并讨论了这些结果对轮胎功损耗的意义。     

电场强化乙酸乙酯自然对流和沸腾换热的实验研究

对沉浸于强极性有机液体工质乙酸乙酯中的平板表面上的自然对流和沸腾换热的外加电场强化进行了实验,得出了自然对流和沸腾换热的表面传热系数、强化效果与电场电压、热通量的关系.实验数据表明,外加电场对平板表面自然对流换热的强化效果好于对沸腾换热的强化效果.实验条件下,当施加外电场时,平板表面的自然对流换热的传热系数最大可达到无外电场时的6～7倍,沸腾换热的传热系数最大可达到无外电场时的4～5倍.     

基于ANSYS的管道外自然对流换热系数的确定

管道在进行传质的过程中,需要计算温度梯度引起的热应力,以及管道温度场分布情况,但在管道外壁温度未知的情况下,仅通过自然对流换热经验关联式无法确定空气对流换热系数。基于传热学的理论,采用ANSYS软件进行结构热分析,提出一种精确确定管道外自然对流换热系数的方法。通过案例分析,把计算结果与实验结果相比较,确定了该方法的可行性。     

Characterization of the Thermal Response of Munitions in Storage Exposed to Real and Arbitrary Weather Conditions

The objective of this investigation is to characterize the thermal response of stored munitions exposed to real weather conditions in order to validate current test procedures as well as develop the ability to provide an estimate of the thermal exposure over the lifecycle of a munition. Currently, the thermal history of munitions in storage cannot be determined without continuous monitoring of individual items and there is no method to provide a detailed estimate of the exposure by analyzing existing data when continuous data was not collected. This work describes the experimental and initial numerical investigations of instrumented munitions in storage to characterize their thermal response. The numerical model has the capability to validate broad trends observed from the experimental data. For this investigation, data is being collected through field experiments of inert munitions instrumented with thermocouples that are collocated near a weather station. Data from field experiments are used to develop and validate the numerical model. The numerical model will save time and resources in future investigations of the thermal exposure of munitions in storage as well as advance the understanding of the implications of selecting a long term storage environment. At a fundamental research level, this work contributes to the advances in combined heat transfer by natural convection and radiation inside a 3D enclosure combined with external forced convection and radiation. The numerical model includes several features including heat transfer to the enclosure by solar radiation, conduction, and forced convection, heat transfer between the enclosure container walls and the projectiles by radiation, conduction, and natural convection, heat transfer within the projectile by conduction, distributed thermal energy storage in projectiles, and transient temperature boundary condition at the enclosure walls.     

Natural convection heat and moisture transfer with thermal radiation in a cavity partially filled with hygroscopic porous medium

This article deals with natural convection heat and moisture transfer with thermal radiation in a cavity partially filled with hygroscopic porous medium. The governing equations for the momentum and heat transfer in both free fluid and hygroscopic porous medium and moisture content transfer in hygroscopic porous medium were solved by the finite element method. The radiative heat transfer is calculated by making use of the radiosity of the surfaces that are assumed to be grey. Comparisons with experimental and numerical results in the literature have been carried out. Effects of thermal radiation and Rayleigh number on natural convection and heat transfer in both free fluid and porous medium and moisture content transfer in porous medium were analyzed. It was found that surface thermal radiation can significantly change the temperature and moisture content fields in the regions of free flow and porous medium. The mean temperature at the interface decreases, the temperature and moisture content gradients are created on the upper two corners of the porous medium region, and the moisture content in the porous medium decreases in the porous medium as Ra increases.     

Effect of ΔT- and Spatially Varying Heat Transfer Coefficient on Thermal Stress Resistance of Brittle Ceramics Measured by the Quenching Method

A study was conducted of the effect of a spatial variation in heat transfer coefficient during forced convection and the effect of temperature dependence of the heat transfer coefficient during free convection on the magnitude of thermal stress encountered during the thermal shock testing of brittle ceramics by the quenching method. For specimens with circular geometry, the results obtained by the finite element method indicate that, depending on the value of the Biot number, a factor of three spatial variation in heat transfer coefficient changes the tensile thermal stresses on cooling by a maximum of about 17% over the value for spatially uniform heat transfer. On heating, the corresponding tensile thermal stresses are lower by a maximum of about 6%. In free convection for a heat transfer coefficient, h , proportional to Δ Ti^1/4 , where Δ T_i is the instantaneous temperature difference between the specimen and quenching medium, the stresses are appreciably less than those for Δ T_i -independent heat transfer for the same initial value of h at the onset of the thermal quench. The validity of the dependence of h on Δ T_i was established experimentally. The relevance of this result to the interpretation of thermal quenching studies is discussed.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT TRANSFER FROM A SPHERICAL SOLID BODY UNDER PULSATING FORCED CONVECTION

Heat transfer from a solid sphere having a Biot number Bi ? 0.1 to a flow medium in a cooling process under pulsating forced convection is experimentally examined. In the experiment, two kinds of pulse modes, which are the type of pulsating forced convection with continuous feed and the feed type mixing forced and natural convection, are considered as a pulse feed technique. Initially, the evaluation method of the Nusselt number Nu is derived in the cooling process and the validity of that method is verified by comparison with the experimental results. With regard to the effect of pulsating feed, it is shown that the pulsating feed conditions have a great influence on the characteristics of the heat transfer. The enhancement of heat transfer under the condition of the forced convection pulsatively fed with continuous feed is recognized, and the characteristics of heat transfer for the pulsating feed including natural convective heat transfer region are aggravated. Besides, it is clear that the decrease in the heat transfer characteristics is dependent on the duration of the natural convective heat transfer. Furthermore, Ranz-Marshall correlations for each pulsating feed condition are presented.     

有内热源的多孔层中自然对流的稳定性分析

采用局部非热平衡模型, 通过数值法和Garlerkin近似法, 分析存在均匀内热源和边界浓度梯度时, 有效热导率比、流体和固相间的传热系数、浓度梯度的大小以及内热源在流体与固相内的分布情况对水平多孔层中临界内热源Rayleigh数的影响, 来研究相关参数对自然对流的稳定性的影响, 并得到临界内热源Rayleigh数的表达式。结果表明, 浓度Rayleigh数的增加可以促进自然对流的形成;内热源为正时, 自然对流的形成区域主要位于上半区域;内热源为负时, 自然对流的形成区域位于下半区域, 内热源总是促进自然对流的发生;有效热导率比、流体和固相间的内部传热系数、内热源在流体与固相内的分布情况相互耦合, 影响自然对流的稳定性, 这种影响取决于各参数的范围。     

Conjugate heat transfer between internal forced and external natural convections with wall conduction

A new method which combines analytical and numerical solutions is presented for analyzing coupled transport phenomena between multiple regions. The method was applied to simulate heat transfer from hot laminar forced downward convection in a parallel plate duct to external natural convection through a finite section of one wall. Obtained numerical results showed that the longitudinal wall conduction markedly relaxed the thermal interaction between the two convection systems. Experiments were also performed, using conducting walls made of aluminum, stainless steel and granite. Predicted temperature profiles agreed well with the experimental data.     

THERMAL CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY IN TRANSLUCENT POROUS MEDIA WITH RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER

The onset of thermal convection in a translucent porous layer is considered. Attention is focused on the effect of radiative heat transfer on the critical Rayleigh-Darcy number and the convection cell shape. If we consider the contribution of radiative heat transfer, the basic temperature profile is non-linear and the thermal convective instability is influenced by the ratio of conduction to radiation heat flux, the temperatures at the boundary surfaces, and radiative parameters such as wall emissivity, scattering albedo and extinction coefficient as well as the usual Rayleigh-Darcy number. Effects of these parameters on the onset of convective instability are investigated with the help of linear stability theory employing the Darcy's law and the radiative transport equation simplified by the P₁ approximation. The increased effective thermal conductivity due lo the radiation inhibits the onset of convection and causes increased critical Rayleigh-Darcy number and decreased convection cell size. The results of the present work may be exploited to find out the optimal diameter of aerogel pellets and the air pressure in the double pane window filled with the translucent silica aerogel granules to suppress natural convection.     

热管纺丝传热机理研究

详细探讨了热管内纤维与热管、纤维与空气气流及空气气流与热管之间的传热平衡关系,导出了一组热传导微分方程组,并利用计算机进行纺丝模拟,详细讨论了热管最低加热温度及对适宜的生产加热温度进行了选择及比较。     

表面辐射对部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内热湿耦合传递的影响

根据多孔介质热质传递原理, 基于有限元的方法数值分析了具有表面热辐射的部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程, 探讨了表面发射率、Rayleigh数和Darcy数等参数对封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程的影响, 研究结果表明, 壁面热辐射的作用可以提高多孔介质内部的温度, 而且随着表面发射率的增大, 多孔介质内部的水分逐步向其右上角迁移和聚集。另外, Darcy数、多孔介质与空气的热导率比对方腔内部多孔介质的热量传递和水分迁移影响较小。     

石蜡乳状液高温潜热输送材料的传热特性

石蜡乳状液高温潜热输送材料是一种在80～90℃之间存在相变的流体。由于相变潜热的存在,石蜡乳状液在相变区间内的储热、载热密度远大于水,且集储热与潜热输送于一体,适用于余热利用、太阳能利用和集中供热等领域,具有广阔的应用前景。研究了定热流条件下石蜡乳状液在管内的强制对流换热特性。结果表明,与纯水相比,虽然石蜡乳状液的有效比热大,但其对流传热系数低,且浓度越高,对流传热系数越低。实验发现入口温度对石蜡乳状液对流传热系数的影响不大,但随着入口温度升高,对流传热系数有增大的趋势。最后获得了石蜡乳状液对流换热量纲1关系式。