纳米陶瓷材料在热喷涂中应用的研究进展

介绍了近年来国内外热喷涂制备纳米陶瓷涂层的方法，纳米喂料的制备，热喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层的性能，指出了目前纳米陶瓷涂层制备过程中出现的问题和解决思路。     

纳米表面工程与摩擦学

利用表面工程技术解决摩擦磨损问题具有高效、实用等特点。随着科学技术的迅速发展，纳米材料和纳米技术在表面工程中得到了广泛应用，由此出现了“纳米表面工程”。利用纳米表面工程技术制备的涂层和镀层有着非常优异的摩擦学性能。本文叙述了作者近年来的有关工作，包括热喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层、热喷涂纳米自润滑涂层、纳米陶瓷／聚合物复合涂层、纳米复合电镀层以及纳米电泳沉积层的摩擦磨损特性和机制。     

纳米表面工程

阐述纳米表面工程的产生背景、内涵和科学问题,介绍纳米表面工程相关材料的特性和制备方法,总结纳米表面工程在表面精加工、制备功能涂层、功能复合镀层、功能薄膜材料、热喷涂加工和抗磨减摩领域的应用现状。     

第一讲 装备再制造技术（六）

3．微纳米等离子喷涂技术 随着纳米材料的研究开发与应用,微纳米结构涂层（Nanostructure Coating）的制备成为热喷涂技术重要的发展方向。与传统涂层相比,纳米结构涂层在强度、韧性、抗蚀、耐磨、热障、抗热疲劳等方面会有显著改善,且部分涂层可以同时具有上述多种性能。等离子喷涂技术是制备微纳米结构涂层较好的技术之一,同时也是具有发展前景的技术。     

第一讲 装备再制造技术（七）

（3）超音速等离子喷涂技术制备微米、纳米结构涂层 装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室采用自行研制的高效能超音速等离子喷涂系统喷涂Al2O3/TiO2和WC／Co纳米结构喂料,制备了纳米结构热喷涂涂层。表9为其超音速等离子喷涂工艺参数。     

等离子弧喷涂纳微米结构陶瓷涂层相变及显微分析

本文采用两种不同的工艺手段，分别制备了可用于热喷涂的Al2O3-13％TiO2纳米结构喂料，并采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了涂层。采用X-Ray衍射和TEM等分析手段对喂料和涂层进行了分析测试。结果表明，不同的造粒工艺获得的喂料和涂层具有不同的相组成，同时显微结构也有所不同。1300℃下热处理的喂料制备的涂层中包含纳米尺度的晶粒。     

混粉工艺对纳米Al2O3复合涂层组织和性能的影响

首次将纳米Al2O3作为弥散增强相应用于热喷涂领域中，先将其与Ni基自由熔性合金粉制成复合粉末，然后用氧－乙炔焰热喷焊工艺制备出复合涂层。研究了不同分散剂、液体介质、混合方式等对涂层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，最佳工艺得到的复合涂层其耐磨性为单纯涂层的2倍。     

热喷涂用纳米结构喂料的制备研究

探索了热喷涂用纳米结构喂料的制备工艺，并制备了纳米结构的Al2O3—13wt％TiO2喂料。采用超音速等离子喷涂工艺进行了喷涂试验。结果表明，该喂料可用于热喷涂工艺。     

纳米α-Al2O3颗粒弥散强化镍基复合涂层的耐磨性能研究

将纳米α-Al2O3颗粒或Ni包裹的纳米α-Al2O3复合粉和镍基粉用湿法混合，采用火焰热喷涂工艺制备了复合涂层，用磨粒磨损试验机进行磨损试验，研究了纳米α-Al2O3的体积分数、粒径和是否预先进行包裹处理对涂层喷焊性和耐磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明，纳米α-Al2O3以包裹形式加入能有效改善弥散相与Ni基涂层的相容性，相应涂层的耐磨性优于未包裹处理；当纳米Al2O3的体积分数为2％时，涂层的耐磨性能最好，为Ni基涂层的2倍多；在相同的体积分数下，随着涂层中弥散强化相尺寸的减小，涂层的耐磨性提高。     

纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层及其抗高温腐蚀性能

制备纳米金属间化合物Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层并测试其抗腐蚀性能,为利用热喷涂技术治理火电站易损部件腐蚀问题提供有效手段。运用自主研发的造粒系统,成功对高活性的纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合喷涂粉体实施团聚造粒;运用高速火焰喷涂方法,在结构材料表面制备出了纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层,对比测试了微米、纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能,分别采用抛物线型和幂函数型对腐蚀动力学曲线进行拟合。纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合喷涂材料的粒径由原始的50nm团聚到最终的114~178μm,团聚后的纳米颗粒呈圆形或椭圆形,各成分比例保持原始比例,团聚颗粒内部仍然保持纳米粉体状态;纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层表面致密、铺展均匀,截面元素过渡平缓、层片细小;运用幂函数方程对腐蚀动力学曲线的拟合效果更好。通过对腐蚀动力学拟合方程进行求导运算可推算出各复合涂层的腐蚀速率。团聚后的纳米颗粒满足热喷涂材料的相关要求,纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能显著高于微米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层。纳米Al、Cr优先氧化生成具有保护作用的氧化膜机理解释了纳米涂层抗高温腐蚀性能优异的原因。     

纳米陶瓷涂层磨削表面残余应力的研究进展

纳米陶瓷涂层材料具有高硬度和高耐磨性,采用超硬磨料的金刚石砂轮磨削是其最主要的加工方法,在磨削时容易出现表面残余应力而导致表面裂纹.目前,国外在纳米结构陶瓷涂层磨削表面残余应力的研究很少,我国正在对纳米陶瓷涂层材料超精密磨削后表面残余应力方面进行研究.介绍了纳米结构陶瓷涂层的研究背景,阐述了纳米结构陶瓷喷涂材料性能特点,分析了纳米结构陶瓷涂层的磨削研究动态和磨削表面残余应力的研究现状.分析研究表明,纳米结构陶瓷涂层的开发与研究将会受到越来越广泛的重视,其后续研究将是下一步的工作重点.     

Study of tribological properties of detonation nanostructured WC-Co-based coatings

The study deals with tribological properties of the nanostructured WC-12%Co coatings deposited by the detonation method. It is found experimentally that their wear resistance depends on the concentration of monocarbide WC. The dependence of the WC concentration in the coating on deposition conditions is obtained. The microstructure of the coatings, their physical-mechanical properties, phase composition, porosity, hardness, and modulus of elasticity are studied. The advantage of the nanostructured coatings over the coatings deposited from micropowders is shown.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2陶瓷涂层的组织结构与抗冲蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂方法分别制备了常规和纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2陶瓷涂层,用扫描电子显微镜分析了涂层的显微结构,并对涂层进行了抗冲蚀试验。结果表明:常规陶瓷涂层具有典型的片层状结构,但纳米陶瓷涂层片层状结构并不十分明显,且涂层裂纹数量明显减少;纳米陶瓷涂层中的显微结构的变化改善了涂层的韧性和结合性能;在冲蚀过程中,常规陶瓷涂层表面剥落严重,而纳米陶瓷涂层的冲蚀质量损失较小,抗冲蚀性能比常规陶瓷涂层提高了30%左右。     

超音速火焰喷涂微米和纳米结构WC-12Co涂层及其性能

以纳米和微米级WC-12Co粉末为原料,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)方法在16Mn基体上制备了两种涂层.利用X射线衍射仪对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损前后的涂层表面形貌进行了观察,探讨了粉末结构、涂层的组织和结构以及抗磨粒磨损的性能.结果表明:WC-12Co粉末结构对涂层的组织结构影响非常显著,微米WC-12Co粉末中的WC的分解基本上得到了抑止,而纳米结构的粉末由于出现了WC的部分分解,导致了纳米涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能相对于微米涂层提高不多,但是与基体16Mn相比,两种涂层均表现出优异的抗磨粒磨损性能.     

纳米结构陶瓷涂层磨削表面残余应力的实验设计

以近年来新出现的纳米结构碳化钨/钴(n-WC/12Co)陶瓷涂层材料为磨削对象,巧妙选择磨削实验用磨床和三种砂轮,利用X射线衍射仪等设备,通过设计磨削参数,为纳米结构陶瓷涂层的磨削实验和表面残余应力的测量及后续研究"磨削参数对磨削表面残余应力的影响规律"提供依据。     

纳米结构Al2O3/13TiO2涂层精密磨削的材料去除机理的研究

应用扫描电镜对纳米结构Al2O3/13TiO2(n-Al2O3/13TiO2)涂层精密磨削后的表面/亚表面形貌进行观察和分析,结合对n-Al2O3/13TiO2精密磨削的单颗磨粒磨削力、磨削力分力比和比磨削能的磨削实验结果的分析,揭示了n-Al2O3/13TiO2涂层精密磨削的材料去除机理.研究表明,在大多数磨削条件下,n-Al2O3/13TiO2陶瓷涂层磨削的材料去除机理主要是以材料碎裂和材料压碎等脆性去除方式为主,同时也存在一定的材料粉末化以及极少的显微塑性变形等方式.研究结论对纳米结构陶瓷涂层的工业化应用具有重要的理论和实用价值.     

Tribological Behaviour of Nanostructured Al2O3-3 wt% TiO2 Coating Against Steel in Dry Sliding

Nanostructured and conventional Al₂O₃-3 wt% TiO₂ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. The wear and friction properties of both coatings against a steel ball under dry friction conditions were examined. It was found that the wear resistance of the nanostructured Al₂O₃-3 wt% TiO₂ coating was superior to that of the corresponding conventional counterpart. The improvement in wear resistance of the nanostructured coating was attributed to its higher toughness and cohesion strength between splats. As for the nanostructured coating, the wear mechanism was mainly adhesion with micro-abrasion at low loads (20 N). At high loads (80 N), the wear of the nanostructured coating was controlled by plastic deformation and associated delamination along the splat boundaries, which was similar to that of the conventional coating at low loads. However, the failure of the conventional coating was predominantly brittle fracture within the splats and delamination between splats at high loads.     

Evaluation of unlubricated wear properties of plasma-sprayed nanostructured and conventional zirconia coatings by SRV tester

Atmospheric plasma spraying method was used to deposit nanostructured and conventional zirconia coatings using spray-dried nanostructured zirconia powder and conventional zirconia powder as feedstock, respectively. Their wear properties were evaluated comparatively by a sliding, reciprocating and vibrating (SRV) tester under dry conditions. The obtained results show that the wear properties of the plasma sprayed zirconia coatings deposited from spray-dried nanostructured zirconia powder were greatly improved compared with those of plasma sprayed zirconia coatings produced from conventional powder. The wear rates of nanostructured zirconia coatings are approximately half of those of conventional zirconia coatings. Under dry conditions, the wear mechanism for the plasma-sprayed nanostructured zirconia coatings is abrasive wear. Whilst in the case of plasma sprayed conventional zirconia coatings, it is a combination of abrasive wear and brittle fracture, the former is dominant wear mechanism. Their wear properties were explained in terms of their microstructure as well as mechanical properties and compared with the wear properties obtained under distilled-water lubricated conditions. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that the finer debris is a critical factor for the improvement of wear properties of plasma-sprayed nanostructured zirconia coating under dry conditions. The wear properties of plasma sprayed zirconia coatings can be increased by the presence of water during the SRV testing.