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本文给出了一种典型浅海地声模型下,波动方程有限差分正演的计算方法,并详细分析了沉积层的顶层速度,厚度,速度梯度,密度梯度,以及震源特性等参数变化时反射波受其影响的一般规律;而且对于航 道底部的浮层作了重点研究,从而得到了浮泥层的容重变化率及其厚度对反射波的影响规律,以及浮泥厚度与反射波特征谱之间的关系。 相似文献
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Weston等早在60年代就观察到浅海(英国BristolChannel)声传播常会在某一有限频率范围内出现异常大的衰减,异常衰减的中心频率和衰减值随季节和昼夜时间而变化。Weston认为这种浅海声传播异常衰减是由鱼的鱼鳔共振所引起的。周纪浔等在我国黄海夏季强负跃层的爆炸声实验中,也曾观察到声传播有时会在某一频率范围内出现异常大的衰减(当声源和接收器都位于跃层下方时)。并发现传播异常衰减与传播方向有关。周纪浔等提出了一种新的假设,由理论计算结果证明可以用内波孤立波波包对声波的共振散射机理来解释这… 相似文献
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文章报道了浑水中的声衰减的实验研究结果,超声波的频率分别为1、2、3、4、5MHz。实验表明:在同一个含沙量M的浑水中,声衰减系数β大致随频率f的增加而线性增加;对同一个频率f,声衰减系数β大致随含沙量M的增加而线性增加;在同一个频率,和相同含沙量M的情况下,声衰减系数β随泥沙粒径的增加而增加。 相似文献
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梯度高分子溶液的声衰减 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
聚合物在溶解过程中形成聚合物膜、溶胀层、高浓度溶解层及低浓度溶解层,从而形成梯度高分子溶液,此种梯度高分子溶液对声信号有很好的衰减效果.文中详细研究了梯度高分子溶液在不同频率下,聚合物厚度及梯度结构的变化对反射声衰减效果的影响.结果表明,梯度高分子溶液浓度梯度的形成是声衰减效果好坏的关键。溶液浓度梯度很大或很小时,声衰减效果均不好,只有当浓度梯度适当时,其声衰减效果才最佳。 相似文献
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声屏障设计研究一直是国内外广泛关注的课题,在线路两侧正确地设置声屏障不仅提高噪声控制的主动性,也将降低项目的投资。然而,绕射衰减计算是声屏障设计的重要步骤,声屏障的等效频率又是声屏障绕射衰减计算的重要参数之一。为准确、快捷的进行声屏障设计,需针对不同机车牵引类型,不同时速下货物列车的噪声频率特性进行试验研究,通过对实测数据进行统计分析,由此可得到不同工况下货物列车的声屏障等效频率。 相似文献
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以颗粒相在整个检测空间内均匀分布为前提,采用McClements理论和Bouguer-Lambert-Beer定律共同描述煤粉气-固两相流中超声衰减特性,建立超声衰减系数与气-固两相流相关参数的理论关系,通过数值模拟,分析超声衰减随着颗粒相体积分数、超声频率、颗粒粒径变化的规律。结果表明,超声频率越高衰减系数越大;声衰减系数随着颗粒相体积分数的增大线性递增;选用某固定频率检测,测得2个体积分数下的声衰减系数即可确定衰减-体积分数曲线斜率,从而实现任意衰减系数对应的颗粒相体积分数测量;在相同的体积分数下,煤粉颗粒粒径为10~200μm,声衰减系数随着颗粒粒径的增大单调递减,当煤粉颗粒粒径大于200μm时,声衰减系数对煤粉颗粒粒径不再敏感。 相似文献
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A. Nadal J. Segura E. Juliá J.M. Gadea I. Montava 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2019,50(1):14-24
Ethylene vinyl acetate panels, with high vinyl acetate content and a closed‐cell structure, were studied through various experimental techniques as a first approach to evaluate the vibrational and acoustic behaviour of ethylene vinyl acetate panels for building applications. Test specimens, with a variety of densities and thicknesses were tested to evaluate the influence of these two parameters on acoustic impedance, sound transmission loss, dynamic stiffness and attenuation of vibrations. The results obtained shows sound transmission loss values for frequencies up to 2500 Hz with a maximum of about 63.7 dB, the dynamic stiffness results presented a wide range, with a maximum value of 350 MN/m3 and a minimum value of 23.3 MN/m3.On the other hand the lack of pore in the surface produce a high acoustic impedance. It can be concluded that ethylene vinyl acetate presents appropriate characteristics, mainly as an acoustic and vibration isolating material, for floorings and light partitions. 相似文献
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We describe sound velocity and acoustic attenuation measurements at several frequencies between 0.5 and 5 MHz along the critical isochore of 4 He immediately above the critical pointT c. The dispersion is obtained with respect to the velocity measurements by Barmatz taken at 1.8 kHz along the critical isochore. The dispersion and attenuation results are analyzed following the theory of Kawasaki and using the more recent modifications resulting from the Fixman-Mistura approach as described by Garland and co-workers. We have determined the critical exponent for the correlation length divergence to be v=0.66±0.04 and found good internal consistency between certain constants appearing in the theoretical expressions for both sound dispersion and attenuation. These experimentally determined constants are compared with those calculated from other experiments. Deviations in the observed acoustic properties from the predicted ones are discussed. They are similar to those found in acoustic experiments and in light scattering experiments near the critical point of Xe. 相似文献
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Accurate measurements of the acoustical physical constants of LiNbO (3) and LiTaO(3) single crystals
Kushibiki J Takanaga I Arakawa M Sannomiya T 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1999,46(5):1315-1323
The acoustical physical constants (elastic constant, piezoelectric constant, dielectric constant, and density) of commercial surface acoustic wave (SAW)-grade LiNbO(3) and LiTaO(3) single crystals were determined by measuring the bulk acoustic wave velocities, dielectric constants, and densities of many plate specimens prepared from the ingots. The maximum probable error in each constant was examined by considering the dependence of each constant on the measured acoustic velocities. By comparing the measured values of longitudinal velocities that were not used to determine the constants with the calculated values using the previously mentioned constants, we found that the differences between the measured and calculated values were 1 m/s or less for both LiNbO(3) and LiTaO(3) crystals. These results suggest that the acoustical physical constants determined in this paper can give the values of bulk acoustic wave velocities with four significant digits. 相似文献
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K.L. Gomber J.S. Yadav A.P. Sharma 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1985,234(1):168-171
Fission fragment tracks of 252Cf in soda glass detectors have been subjected to electrochemical etching (ECE) using an alternating voltage ranging from 15 kV/cm to 34 kV/cm at frequencies 0.5 kHz to 10.0 kHz for periods of time ranging from 20 min to 12 h.The etchant used is HF of concentrations varying from 1.25 vol.% to 20 vol.% at temperatures from 22°C to 80°C. Etch pit diameter, etch pit length and bulk etch rate are the primary parameters, which have been measured under different conditions of ECE. Unlike plastics, soda glasses do not exhibit any “treeing phenomenon” on electrochemical etching. Various causes responsible for this important difference in behavior of plastics and soda glasses have been analysed. 相似文献
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A. I. Zaitsev A. S. Aleksandrovskii A. V. Zamkov A. M. Sysoev 《Inorganic Materials》2006,42(12):1360-1362
We have measured the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of an SrB4O7 crystal and have determined its electromechanical coupling coefficients, piezoelectric charge and voltage constants, and bulk acoustic wave velocities by a resonance method using high-Q resonators. In addition, the dielectric permittivity of the crystal has been measured at 1 kHz. 相似文献
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Ultrasonic velocities and densities of the drug Parvon-spas in binary mixtures of water with methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and propan-1-ol (1-PrOH) have been measured over the complete solvent composition range at 10 mol% intervals at 25°C. Various acoustic parameters such as the acoustic impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (Lf), relative association (R.A.), molar volume (Vm), and molar sound velocity (Rm) have been calculated. In addition, excess functions, i.e., excess adiabatic compressibility (βE), excess intermolecular free length (LfE), excess molar volume (VE), excess ultrasonic velocity (UE), and excess acoustic impedance (ZE) for these three solvent mixtures in the absence and presence of the drug have been calculated. A different behavior of these parameters in these alcohol systems has been discussed in terms of the length of the alcohol molecule, the molecular volume, as well as inter/intramolecular interactions of these molecules. 相似文献
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D. Schmoranzer M. La Mantia G. Sheshin I. Gritsenko A. Zadorozhko M. Rotter L. Skrbek 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2011,163(5-6):317-344
We report on experimental investigations of acoustic emission by quartz tuning forks resonating at frequencies 32 kHz, 38 kHz, 77 kHz and 100 kHz immersed in cold gaseous 4He and its normal and superfluid liquid phases. Frequency dependence of the observed low-drive-linewidth at 350 mK together with the temperature and pressure dependences (1.3 K < T < 4.2 K, 0 < p < 25 bar) of the observed damping of the high frequency (77 and 100 kHz) resonators measured in normal liquid 4He and its superfluid phase provide strong and direct evidence of the importance of sound emission by these tuning forks. Three analytical models of acoustic emission by vibrating tuning forks are developed and compared with the experimental results. We also discuss the importance of sound emission for experiments with the commonly used 32 kHz tuning forks as well as other oscillating structures??spheres, wires, grids and various micromachined sensors. We compare the relative importance of dissipative losses due to laminar viscous/ballistic drag and acoustic emission in liquid and superfluid 4He. 相似文献
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The mechanical Q of Nb disk samples has been measured as a function of temperature with different annealing treatments. A rapid increase in Q is seen on cooling through the superconducting transition temperature. This is shown to be consistent with the predictions of the theory of acoustic attenuation due to conduction electrons, and the measurements are believed to be the first audiofrequency observation of attenuation by this mechanism. Residual losses in the sample limit the possibility of a quantitative comparison with theory in the superconducting state. Maximum Q values obtained were 1.8 × 107 at 690 Hz, 3.8 × 107 at 1.6 kHz, and 4.8 × 107 at 4.2 kHz. Optimization of the annealing treatment may increase the Q still further, thus enabling improved measurements of the electronic attenuation to be made.Work supported in part by the Australian Research Grants Committe. 相似文献
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Zhang V Lefebvre JE Gryba T 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1997,44(2):406-416
The propagation characteristics of true and leaky or pseudo surface acoustic waves (TSAW and PSAW=LSAW) on (n11) GaAs-cuts, n=1, 2, 3 and 4, are theoretically calculated as a function of propagation direction. They include phase velocity (V), electromechanical coupling constant (K(2)), and attenuation factor (alpha) of wave propagation on a metallized surface. The results show that PSAW mode velocities are significantly higher than corresponding TSAW velocities, and for certain propagation directions the attenuation factor is extremely small (10(-5) dB/lambda). Highly coupled PSAW modes exist for propagation directions where the TSAW are very poorly coupled. For certain isolated directions, attenuation of the wave is null (alpha=0), PSAW becoming a non-leaky SAW with partial polarization. And in this case the corresponding TSAW are decoupled from the surface electric excitation. Analysis of relations between various modes (TSAW, PSAW and SSBW, surface skimming bulk wave) is made with the help of the effective surface permittivity function and the generalized slowness diagram. A coupling constant definition different from the usual 2DeltaV/V is used, its validity and application conditions are discussed. 相似文献