阳极氧化铝模板中直接直流电沉积铁纳米线

本文提出了一种在多孔阳极氧化铝(Anodic Aluminum Oxide)模板中直接直流电沉积铁纳米线的新方法.采用阶梯降压法减薄致密的阻挡层,以Al基底为阴极,铂电极为阳极.直接在制备AAO模板的装置中进行直流电沉积.用SEM对制备的AAO模板及铁纳米线进行了形貌表征,结果表明:制备的铁纳米线分布均匀,直径约为50nm,粗细与模板的孔径基本相同.本实验工艺简单,同时避开了AAO模板薄、脆、易碎的特点,从而使制备大面积的铁纳米线成为了可能.     

草酸溶液中制备大孔间距的通孔PAA模板

为了制备规则有序、大孔间距的多孔阳极氧化铝(PAA)模板,通过在传统的草酸溶液中添加乙醇以及阶梯升压的方法,使草酸溶液的耐压从原来的40V左右提高至150V,制备了大孔径(约200nm)、大孔间距(约350nm)的有序PAA模板。详细研究了这种高电压氧化得到的具有较厚阻挡层PAA模板的通孔工艺,实验结果表明,在5%(质量分数)磷酸水溶液中30℃下浸泡180min,可以得到有序的PAA通孔模板,首次计算了阻挡层的减薄速率为约1.26nm/min。     

甘油对阳极氧化铝纳米孔形成过程的影响

电解电压、电解质种类以及添加剂等因素对氧化铝多孔膜的形成过程有显著影响.在电解液中加入甘油作为添加剂,不但可以增加阳极氧化形成的多孔膜的厚度,而且有利于增强氧化膜的韧性.采用高纯铝作阳极,铂网作为阴极,在草酸溶液中进行恒压阳极氧化.研究了在3%(质量分数)草酸溶液中,添加甘油对氧化铝多孔膜形成过程的影响.结果发现,添加甘油并不会改变氧化铝多孔膜的形成过程,也不会改变形成氧化铝多孔膜中Al2O3的非晶态结构,但甘油的加入将降低阳极氧化时多孔氧化铝膜的生长速度以及氧化铝阻挡层的形成速度,同时增加了纳米孔阻挡层的厚度,因此增加阻挡层的形成时间.在阳极氧化电解液中加入甘油还有利于减小氧化铝多孔膜的纳米孔孔径.     

高压下多孔阳极氧化铝薄膜的制备与光学性能研究

利用电化学方法在丙二酸的乙二醇溶液中制备多孔阳极氧化铝,并通过控制溶液浓度对氧化铝的厚度、孔径、孔间距进行了调控。实验发现,在氧化电压为500V时制备出的氧化铝模板孔间距大,且色彩饱和度高,其UV-Vis反射波峰随着溶液浓度的增大产生红移。在浓度为1.5mol/L丙二酸的乙二醇溶液中,制备出的阳极氧化铝薄膜孔间距能够达到400nm,并且在红光区(约622nm处)其UV-Vis反射光谱存在一个极大峰值。     

Cu/AAO复合材料的制备及表征

通过阶梯降压法,成功制备出带有铝基底的有序多孔阳极氧化铝,铝基底与有序多孔氧化铝之间的阻挡层极薄。以该模板为阴极,采用循环伏安法电化学沉积技术制备出Cu/AAO纳米复合材料。分别用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法对该纳米复合材料的形貌、组成和结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明,Cu纳米线在模板中填充率高,直径约为70nm,长度可达30μm,具有面心立方单晶结构。     

超声波辅助扩孔对氧化铝模板结构的影响

在0.3mol/dm3的草酸溶液中,采用二次阳极氧化法制备多孔氧化铝模板,研究了阳极氧化后的扩孔处理对多孔膜形貌和结构的影响.SEM和FE-SEM结果表明,经20min超声波扩孔处理后,多孔氧化铝模板纳米孔的结构更加趋于规则,表观孔径从30nm增大到70nm,其扩孔效果较常规扩孔方法更为明显.超声波扩孔时间增加到40min后,多孔膜孔径扩大至100nm,但某些区域的纳米孔壁已被部分溶解.在一定的电压范围内,随着电压增加,经超声波扩孔后的多孔氧化铝膜孔径增大,有序度有较大提高.     

用低纯度铝制备AAO模板及其结构研究

在0.3mol/dm3草酸溶液中,通过不同纯度铝的恒电位二次阳极氧化制备了纳米孔氧化铝模板,并用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察模板结构.实验结果表明,一次氧化除膜后低纯度铝基体表面呈现较为规则的六边形结构,这种蜂巢结构有利于二次氧化过程中获得有序度更高的纳米孔模板.低纯度铝制备的模板表面被晶界分隔为微小的区域,只是在较窄区域内才出现六边形规则排列的纳米孔.恒电位40V时所得模板经扩孔处理后,孔径由35nm增大到100nm左右,且孔径大小几乎一致.从纳米孔的有序度来看,由低纯度铝制备模板还需要进一步优化阳极氧化参数.     

不同模板剂对介孔氧化铝孔径调节作用

以醇铝为原料,利用三种不同类型的模板剂对氧化铝的孔径进行调节,对各种模板剂的作用机理进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明：不同模板剂获得的介孔氧化铝的孔道结构基本一致,均为蠕虫状结构,模板剂的不同对介孔氧化铝孔径的影响较大,未加模板剂直接由溶胶-凝胶法获得的介孔氧化铝孔径分布较窄,孔径偏小;加入离子型模板剂能够形成孔径分布窄、孔径增大的介孔材料;加入非离子型模板剂则形成孔径更大,但孔径分布较宽的介孔氧化铝.     

脉冲电压沉积制备金属Ni纳米线阵列及磁性能

以硫酸溶液为电解质,采用两步电化学阳极氧化法制备了氧化铝有序多孔膜,孔径为20nm,孔间距为50nm左右,孔洞密度为4.5×1010个/cm2.以此多孔膜为模板,以脉冲信号为沉积电压制备了金属Ni纳米线阵列,单根纳米线直径为15～20nm,择优取向为Ni(220)晶面.磁滞回线结果表明垂直于膜面的方向为易磁化方向,当磁场垂直于膜面时,矩形比高达90.5%,矫顽力为63.84kA/m.     

铜纳米线阵列的模板组装

采用电解法溶解多孔阳极氧化铝(PAA)模板的阻挡层,用直流电沉积的方法在模板中组装了铜纳米线阵列.分别用扫描电镜和X射线衍射表征铜纳米线阵列的形貌和晶体结构,用电化学法表征了铜纳米线阵列的电催化性能.结果表明,PAA去阻挡层后,伏安图上出现一个阳极氧化峰.恒电位沉积的铜纳米线直径为22nm,沿(111)晶面择优取向.铜纳米线阵列电极能催化亚硝酸根的还原,其催化电流比本体铜电极上大2倍,峰电位正移80mV.纳米铜阵列电极可用于亚硝酸盐的电化学检测.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to