Mapping Visual Studies in Communication

This essay documents the main currents of visual studies in communication. After a brief history of the emergence of the field, we review the record of published research in books and journals during the past 5 years, identifying major strains of theory, key issues, and topical categories. We then apply the strains of thought to classify papers presented at the ICA conferences, noting patterns and shifts across and within ICA divisions and interest groups. Based on these patterns, as well as on informal input from colleagues, we map the discipline formation of visual studies and identify trends in institutional development. We conclude by exploring future directions for the field now that the visual interest group has grown to become the Visual Studies Division of ICA.     

Popular Communication After Globalization

The study of popular communication is carried out in many disciplines and many sites. It is often haunted by anxieties over high culture versus low culture and authenticity versus commercialization. Rejecting those binaries in favor of the dominance of the latter term in each, this article initially defines popular communication as objects widely circulated by mass media, texts to which people are widely exposed. Such texts are themselves commodities, and the meanings the texts facilitate are key. Scholars of popular communication usually espouse a leftist political agenda. They focus on signs that reveal processes in social or psychological experience, although some studies focus more on forms of discourse. The article proposes that studies in popular communication may be distinguished by whether they focus on rhetor, text, or audience. It concludes by urging a stance of critical populism, more popular involvement by scholars, and a greater understanding of erotics, or desire, in our work.     

Public Relations: State of the Field

Public relations is both a professional practice and a subfield of communication with its own research and theory base. Public relations is relatively young as an academic field, however, having developed identifiable theory in only about the last 50 years. The field of public relations is developing into a theoretically based area of applied communication that has the potential to inform several areas of communication/mass communication and to offer theoretic and conceptual tools useful in health, risk, and political communication, among others. Because many readers are unfamiliar with public relations theory and research, this article first reviews and summarizes theory-related scholarship in public relations, then categorizes and explains the theoretic trends in the field. The article concludes by demonstrating how one of public relations' theoretic/conceptual tools, issues management, can apply across all areas of applied communication.     

Organizational Communication: Challenges for the New Century

Organizational communication covers an eclectic mix of approaches, theories, and methodologies, developed within organizational settings or applied from other areas. The authors start their assessment of recent literature with 6 challenges for the field that have been delineated in previous reviews: (a) to innovate in theory and methodology, (b) to acknowledge the role of ethics, (c) to move from micro- to macrolevel issues, (d) to examine new organizational structures and technologies, (e) to understand the communication of organizational change, and (f) to explore diversity and intergroup aspects of communication. All 6 challenges implicate the importance of considering the intergroup level of analysis as well as the interpersonal and organizational levels, to undertake multilevel research in context, and to consider the role and place of voice in organizations. Finally, researchers must make their research ethical and consequential.     

Self-Amplification Immunomodulatory Strategy for Tissue Regeneration in Diabetes Based on Cytokine-ZIFs System

Dysfunctional macrophages and excessive inflammatory responses lead to severe tissue regeneration disorders in diabetes. Herein, a function-oriented self-amplification immunomodulatory (SAI) strategy based on an interleukin-33 (IL-33) loaded zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (IL@ZIF) nano-platform is proposed to treat tissue regeneration disorders by restoring macrophage function and reconstructing immune microenvironment in diabetes. It is found that ZIFs effectively protect IL-33 from premature degradation. In the wound area, the released Zn²⁺ not only improves the antioxidant capacity of macrophages to avoid reactive oxygen species-induced dysfunction, but also upregulates IL-33 receptor (ST2L) expression and triggers M2 macrophages polarization. Subsequently, the released IL-33 significantly amplifies M2 macrophage polarization through IL-33/ST2L signaling, resulting in a reversal of the pro-inflammatory microenvironment of diabetic wounds. This synergistic effect endows the nano-platform with an excellent ability to accelerate tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this IL@ZIF mediated function-oriented SAI strategy provides new alternatives for the treatment of tissue regeneration disorders in diabetes.     

自动切换光路保护方案的应用与实现

针对光纤传输系统中光缆故障的解决方案,通过自动监测线路故障实现主备光纤问的实时切换,满足50ms电信级切换时间要求,以达到光传输设备间透明、无阻断通信的目的.通过对自动切换光路保护系统的系统结构的讨论,从实际应用角度出发,对基本原理、设计方案、软硬件结构及器件选择等方面进行了分析和研究,实现了完全满足电信标准要求的通信光路自动切换保护.     

A Chemoimmunotherapy Nanogel Enables Efficient Delivery of Interleukin-2 and Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death for Effective Cancer Therapy

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the first FDA-approved immunotherapeutics, but its use is limited by toxicity and low efficacy. In addition, all immunotherapies are limited by the immunosuppressive and desmoplastic microenvironment of “immunologically cold” tumors, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with advanced liver fibrosis. Here, a new chemoimmunotherapy nanogel (IL2-Pt@Nanogel) for dual delivery of IL-2 and the type II immunogenic cell death inducer Pt-NHC that reduces the immunosuppressive phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and diminishes regulatory T cell infiltration by inducing the production of type I interferon (IFN) by cancer cells is reported. Combining the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan with IL2-Pt@Nanogel treatment reduces desmoplasia and reprogrammes the microenvironment of PDAC and HCC toward an immunostimulatory one. These effects result in potent anti-tumor efficacy in models of primary and metastatic PDAC and HCC with underlying liver fibrosis. This study presents a strategy for IL-2-based chemoimmunotherapy with the potential for clinical translation to treat solid tumors.     

OLP技术及其在工程应用中的注意事项(本期优秀论文)

IP业务的迅速增长和波分复用技术的成熟,使得波分复用系统直接承载IP业务已经成为现实,但目前波分复用技术仍无法满足IP业务对网络安全性的要求.文章介绍了在常规WDM系统中引入OLP技术,进以提高WDM系统的可靠性,同时阐述了OLP技术在工程应用中需要加以注意的问题.     

忆阻器堆叠交叉阵列漏电流问题研究进展

忆阻器是一种新型的非易失性存储器,具有结构简单、功耗低、集成密度高、类突触性质等特点。忆阻器主要以交叉阵列的形式作为人工突触,被用于构造人工神经网络,然而,忆阻器的交叉阵列面临着潜在的通路漏电流问题,这阻碍了忆阻器的进一步应用。文章简要分析了忆阻器堆叠交叉阵列产生漏电流的原因,主要介绍了二极管-忆阻器、选通器-忆阻器、晶体管-忆阻器等多种抑制漏电流的方案,总结并展望了超大规模集成忆阻器的应用前景。     

光纤自动切换保护系统的应用探讨

分析光纤自动切换保护系统的原理,以我公司为例,在光传输网络主要路由上,接入光纤自动切换保护器,利用保护器构建出光纤保护网络,当被保护的光纤发生故障中断或者衰耗增大导致通信传输质量下降时,光纤线路自动切换保护技术却能使网络进行实际切换,用恢复机制作为第二道防线对付网络范围的故障和失效,恢复通信的畅通,从而增强了我公司通信网络的可靠性。     

移动软交换安全备份方案

详细介绍了Iu-Flex、1：1、N＋1安全备份方案．分析了各方案的特点。给出了方案应用的建议。     

High-throughput multi-channel MAC protocol with multi-interface cooperation

Low uti1ization of the interface a1ways exists in mu1ti-interface mu1ti-channe1（MIMC）medium access protoco1.Therefore,the mu1ti-interface cooperating（MIC）mechanism was proposed.A virtua1 MAC 1ayer was designed in mu1ti-interface node and mu1ti-interface cooperative mechanism through one successfu1 handshake of sing1e interface to estab1ish the synchronous transmission re1ationship between source-destination nodes a11 interface and data channe1 groups,thus improving the throughput and efficiency of contro1 frame.Furthermore,nodes with successfu1 transmission choose the current channe1 set as decision-making channe1s of the next transmission,which can effective1y reduce the impact of hidden termina1.The simu1ation resu1ts of MIC-MAC protoco1 show that the throughput has increased by 100% to 200% compared with MIMC-SMAC protoco1 and IEEE 802.11 in sing1e hop network,the co11ision and hidden termina1 prob1em have a1so been great1y optimized in mu1ti hop network.     

阻变型非易失性存储器单元电路结构设计与Spice仿真

为进一步确定阻变型非易失性存储器的擦写速度、器件功耗和集成度等实用化的性能指标,设计RRAM存储器单元电路结构,并使用HSpice软件分别对RRAM存储器单元结构电路的延时和功耗性能进行仿真.同时,通过仿真对双极型和单极型两种电阻转变类型及器件工艺进行比较和分析,确定1T1R结构电路单元适用于双极型阻变型非易失性存储器件,并且电路仿真的结果为阻变型非易失性存储器的进一步实用化提供了参考.     

AFM observation of OMVPE grown ErP on InP (0 0 1), (1 1 1)A and (1 1 1)B substrates

ErP has been grown on InP (0 0 1), (1 1 1)A and (1 1 1)B substrates by low-pressure organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy. The morphological change with growth temperature has been explored by atomic force microscope. On all the substrates, ErP is grown in island structure. Height and area size of the ErP islands on (1 1 1)A substrate exhibit an obvious dependence on growth temperature. ErP islands grown at 540°C, that is the suitable temperature for ErP formation, gather to step edges to make wires.     

“1＋1”UPS供电系统的改进方案

文章通过对＂1＋1＂并联冗余UPS供电方案和＂1＋1＂双总线UPS供电方案的分析,指出对于双电源供电要求的通信设备,采用＂1＋1＂双总线UPS的供电方案更佳。     

红外椭圆偏振光谱研究GaxIn1—xAsySb1—y材料的禁带宽度

采用红外椭辰我谱研究了与ＧａＳｂ衬底近晶格匹配的不同组分ＧａｘＩｎ１－ｘＡｓｙＳｂ１－ｙ样品位于禁带宽度能量位置之上、附近和之下的室温折射率光谱。根据禁带宽度能量位置附近的折射率增强效率确定了ＧａｘＩｎ１－ｘＡｓｙＳｂ１－ｙ样品的禁带宽度,并发现在组分ｘ＝０．２￣０．３之间禁带宽度随组分ｘ近似于线性变化。